An extension of the realistic preview concept to various career transitions

A model is presented in which the realistic preview concept is extended beyond the job and organization choice situation for which it was originally suggested. Realistic previews are suggested for two major career transitions: the entry from high school to college and university and the transition from university to the world of work. The differences between high schools, universities and workplaces are discussed to highlight the need for realistic previews which pertain to aspects of the occupational field which a student pursues, as well as aspects of college or workplace environments. It is reasoned that realistic previews will soften those entry transitions in the same way that a realistic preview for job choice has been shown to be beneficial.     

On the relationship between student tastes and motivations,higher education decisions,and annual earnings

We examine the degree to which measures of student tastes and motivations are associated with the outcomes of three important higher education decisions and subsequent annual earnings. Within a sample of nearly 9000 students from the Baccalaureate and Beyond, we find that these measures are correlated with college type, college major, and highest postgraduate degree earned in generally predictable ways. For instance, students claiming it important to be well-off financially are significantly more likely to attend top public universities and major in Business or Engineering while students claiming it important to live near family are significantly less likely to attend top quality private institutions and significantly more likely to major in education.     

云南省高校毕业生择业行为研究

对云南省2003年高校毕业生就业情况进行的调查研究结果显示,毕业生就业状况因首要求职渠道及首要就业信息来源不同而有较大差异,各级就业指导服务机构的作用明显;求职的竞争最终是自身素质的竞争;“公平”及“收益的最大化”是相对的,虽然“先就业再择业”、追求事业发展已成为毕业生积极而普遍的心态,但自主创业意识仍需加强;坚持“市场导向、政府调控、学校推荐、学生与用人单位双向选择”的改革方向,拓宽毕业生到基层就业的渠道,是解决就业问题的主要途径。     

高职物业管理专业学生校外实习调查分析

校外上岗实习是高职院校学生专业学习期间必须经历的一个实践锻炼过程,也是培养复合型、实用型、技能型人才的首要条件,更是学院实施实践教学的重要环节之一。其效果如何提高与改善,还需立足市场,加强调研,结合自身特色来量身定做专业人才,使之成为学生竞争上岗的致胜利刃,从而实现高职院校教育资源优化配置,真正把培养符合社会需求的人才目标落到实处。     

社团——引发大学生生命活力的平台

当代大学生面临着学业、就业、经济的压力和交际、情感的困扰,降低了大学生对生活的满意度,并在某种程度上使他们感到痛苦、焦虑,失去青春活力。大学生社团可以通过社团活动和社团文化来重构大学生对生命状态的眷恋,对美好未来的追求,使大学生更好地体验和感悟生命的价值及意义。     

试析高校毕业生双选面试

参加双选面试,是大多数高校毕业生在求职过程中必经的重要环节。双选成功的关键在于求职者在认真做好学业、职业、就业准备的基础上,在洽谈过程中积极调整心态、格局、方式、定势、策略、状态,实现六大自主性转变,以争取良好的心境、相对主动的环境以及和谐的情境,实现成功就业。     

中国大学生专业选择调查之基本分析

根据对全国31个省（市、区）的175所普通高校47000余名2007级大一学生的问卷调查,发现影响大学生选择专业的主要因素包括个人兴趣、就业机会、职业发展潜力、学术能力、高考分数落点、父母及家人的影响等。对比高考志愿的填报情况,超过四分之三的大学生实现了自己的专业选择,而不足半数的大学生对专业选择结果的评价达到了满意的程度。研究还发现,不同类型院校的大学生选择专业的影响因素、实现情况和满意度均存在显著差异;专业选择的影响因素制约着专业选择的实现情况和满意度。     

我国城乡大学生择校差异的实证研究

根据对我国大陆31个省市175所普通高校4.7万名2007级大学新生的调查发现：农村子女就读一般公办本科院校和公办高职高专院校的较多,而＂211＂高校和独立学院中城市子女占多数;与农村大学生相比,城市大学生对其所读大学达到＂满意＂的比例更高;择校时,城市大学生更看重＂父母、家人或其它亲属的影响或建议＂,而农村大学生更看重＂学费和生活费用因素＂。因子分析的结果表明：影响农村大学生择校的有＂高校自身的特征＂、＂外人的影响＂、＂地缘和学缘＂和＂高校招生宣传信息＂等4个主要因素,而影响城市大学生择校的3个主要因素分别是＂高校自身特征＂、＂地缘、学缘和特殊项目＂及＂外人的影响＂。     

论大学生价值判断与价值选择能力的培养

多元价值的信息时代,大学生所处的生活环境纷繁复杂,在不同的价值体系之间作出价值判断与价值选择存在着激烈冲突。在高校教育中,培养大学生正确的价值判断与价值选择能力、提升其道德水平、升华其道德智慧是高校德育工作一项刻不容缓的基础性工作。     

The applicability of undergraduate education in jobs

The primary goals of this study are to determine the degree of applicability of undergraduate education in jobs and to evaluate some of the benefits accruing to a college educated person in the labor force. Closely related to this study is the question of whether a relationship exists between the usefulness of college training in jobs and the levels of job satisfaction and income. Some of the principal findings suggest that a large percentage of college graduates feel that their college major is related to their jobs and that the quality of job performance is dependent upon college training and on-the-job training. In addition, where college majors are applicable to job requirements, job satisfaction is high.     

我国"市场导向"高校毕业生就业政策的形成与启示

针对我国高校毕业生就业政策问题研究相对较少的情况,通过回顾其形成历程:从"统包统分"的行政指令时期、"供需见面"、"双向选择"的过渡时期,到"市场导向的自主择业时期,"得出我国"市场导向"高校毕业生就业政策形成与人们对社会,尤其是高等教育领域多年低效运转极度不满以及对高校运转强烈渴求相关的启示,并就"市场导向"高校毕业生就业政策还应如何调整才能促使市场机制达成效率目标提出建议。     

The Effect of Financial Aid on Students' College Choice: Differences by Racial Groups

This study analyzed the impact of specific types of financial aid on students' college choice, with particular focus on racial differences. For overall student populations, the receipt of grants or a combination of grants with loans had a positive impact on attending first choice institutions. In contrast, having loans only had no significant impact. Going one step further, distinct patterns were found in the effects of financial aid on college choice by racial groups. White students were more likely to attend their first-choice institutions if they received grants or a combination of grants with loans. Asian American students were strongly influenced by having loans or a combination of grants with loans when they decided to attend their first choice of colleges. In contrast, college choices of Latino and African American students were not influenced by financial aid. Implications of the findings for financial aid policy are indicated and future research on the topics recommended.     

Choice Modeling New Zealand High School Seniors' Preferences for University Education

ABSTRACT

Preferences for college education among year 12 and 13 high school seniors from throughout New Zealand were surveyed. Initial focus group researched students in the process of deciding on college education and/or on a particular college or university institution in their choice process. Quantitative research developed from the focus group responses and based on a stated preferences (choice) survey of school students (n = 526) followed. Students' preferences regarding university choice were predominantly influenced by the quality and flexibility of the degree and/or course options, likelihood that employers will recruit from the university, the extent that university accommodation is subsidized and the overall cost of attending the university positioned in comparison to other universities. Secondary students would prefer not to attend a university with access restricted to an “A” bursary examination mark (bursary is a New Zealand pre-college examination to gain fee subsidy), that has limited first year accommodation, or which offers sports scholarships. New Zealand secondary school students are relatively price insensitive, with the cost of attending university not perceived as a deterrent. Moreover, the research findings show a positive cost-value relationship exists in students' choice preferences. Students would prefer to attend a university where the cost was equal to or higher than other options.     

Articulation,transfer, and student choice in a binary post-secondary system

This paper investigates the intersection of system articulation, transfer, and the choices that secondary school students make when they apply to college and university. The investigation is based on the results of a study that was undertaken to determine factors that influence choices that secondary school students make between enrolling in community college or university, and in particular whether or not those choices are affected by the degree of “articulation” within a public system of post-secondary education. There are several studies that have emerged recently in the United States and Canada that examine factors that influence the choice of university and 4-year college. There are a few studies that examine the choice of community and 2-year college. None, however, either in Canada or in the United States, has sought to examine “college choice” comparatively among students who apply to baccalaureate (4-year colleges and universities) and sub-baccalaureate (community colleges) programs. This study examines college choice on the basis of two series of longitudinal surveys conducted in the province of Ontario since the late 1980s, and on a series of surveys and interviews of students, parents and guidance counselors in six secondary schools, each with a different student population, since 2004. The third study—called the “college choice” project—tracked secondary school students as they made decisions about attending college or university, and as they finally selected the institutions that they would attend. The study concludes that greater conventional articulation will not significantly affect rates of transfer, that for most students plans to transfer develop after they enter college and are not a major factor in their initial “choice,” that the rate of transfer is highly dependent on the corresponding arrays of programs at colleges and universities, and that articulation might better be thought of as a subset of other basic forms of inter-institutional cooperation. An earlier version of this paper was presented to the ASHE Annual Conference, Louisville, Kentucky, November, 2007.     

Information,college decisions and financial aid: Evidence from a cluster-randomized controlled trial in China

Past studies find that disadvantaged students in the United States are often misinformed about college costs and financial aid opportunities and thus may make sub-optimal decisions regarding college. This information problem may be even more serious in developing countries. We therefore conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of providing information on college costs and financial aid to high school students in poor regions of northwest China. We find that information increases the likelihood that students receive some types of financial aid. Information also positively affects the choice to attend college but does not seem to affect more specific college choices.     

Fertility, relative wages, and labor market decisions: A case of female teachers

This paper examines the effects of fertility and relative wages on occupational choice (teaching versus non-teaching) and labor force participation decisions of female college graduates using selectivity-corrected panel estimations.We find that the presence of a new born baby is not particularly important to the choice of occupation, but significantly discourages female labor force participation, especially among teachers. Higher relative wages are found to effectively attract female college graduates into teaching. College major in education is one of the most relevant determinants for female college graduates to become teachers. Though investing educational expenditures on teachers’ salary seems to be a valid policy, providing incentives for female college students to major in education will be an alterative way to secure teacher supply.     

就业难对大学生心理的影响及应对

自实行双向选择、自主择业以来,我国大学生就业难现象已成为社会关注的焦点。就业难虽然可以从一定程度上锻炼大学生增长解决问题的能力,但是它给大学生心理上造成的负面影响也不容忽视。     

论大学生就业市场诚信制度的构建

文章通过对大学生就业市场三方违规现象的归纳、分析,在规范性、公平性、广泛性等诚信制度体系的构建原则要求下,明晰了以校方为就业中介的大学生就业市场三方(毕业生、用人单位、校方)的责任和权力,规范了大学生就业市场;通过诚信监督机制,有效抑制就业市场中不道德行为的发生,促进大学生就业市场正常、健康发展。     

The college student grant study: The effectiveness of student grant and scholarship programs in promoting equal educational opportunity

During the last few years there has been an increased emphasis on the use of student scholarships and grants to promote postsecondary access and choice. This study of scholarship and grant programs in California, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania examines the extent to which this goal is being achieved. Highlights of the findings are that these state aid programs (1) induce a substantial number of students from low-income families to attend college, although they fail to have much impact on the very lowest income students; (2) are particularly helpful to women; and (3) overall, are responsible for the postsecondary attendance of nearly one half of the aid recipients.     

毕业生择业与劳动保障权益问题探析

毕业生在择业与劳动过程中因社会经验不足、法律知识缺乏、保障措施不健全等原因,造成其合法权益的被侵害的现状,文章通过对十一项涉及毕业生择业与劳动保障方面权益的逐一分析,提出了为实现这些权益,国家、社会、学校与个人应当努力完善的方面。