我国制造业集聚的生产率效应:1988-2009

论文采用面板数据模型估计了我国制造业集聚的生产率效应,并采用空间俱乐部模型区分了各种效应的地区差别。结果表明,1988-1997年和1998-2009年两个时期,东部和中西部地区均存在显著的静态专业化效应,并且在后期东部的静态专业化效应强于中西部;在整个研究期间,东部和中西部均不存在显著的动态或静态的多样化效应;规模效应在两个时期有所差异,前期在东、中西部均不显著,后期东部存在显著的负向规模效应,而中西部存在正向规模效应,显示出过度集聚开始在东部产生了一定程度的拥塞效应。     

The expanding role of university patenting in the life sciences: assessing the importance of experience and connectivity

We extend debates about the sources of university capabilities at research commercialization. Drawing upon quantitative data for a panel of 89 research-intensive US universities and interview data from two academic licensing offices, we model the relationship between technology transfer experience, embeddedness in biotechnology industry networks, basic science quality and capacity, and citation impact measures of university life science patents. Technology licensing officers draw upon the expertise of corporate partners to evaluate the potential impact of invention disclosures. The information gleaned through network ties to industry enables well-connected institutions to develop higher impact patent portfolios. Reaping the benefits of such connections, however, requires experience in balancing academic and corporate priorities to avoid the danger of ‘capture’ by industrial interests as overly tight connections limit patent impact. This pattern of diminishing returns to connectivity is robust across multiple citation measures of patent quality.     

网络经济效应——21世纪信息经济增长的主体效应

本文在论述网络经济成长的四大支撑要素的基础上,提出了在网络经济飞速发展及世界经济一体代的背景下,２１世纪信息经济增长的主体效应是网络经济效应。     

地方政府在软件业发展中的作用--以江苏省南京市为例

根据南京市软件产业目前严重存在的潜力尚未挖掘的现状，基于企业自组织理论和产业催化理论，结合南京市政府提出发展软件产业的背景，探讨地方政府在软件产业发展中所能起到的作用，提出大力发展软件产业的建议。     

我国高新区产业集聚实证研究:生产要素集中与规模收益递增

基于对我国高新区产业集聚内涵与实质的界定,引入带有科技进步的柯布—道格拉斯生产函数,从生产要素的地理集中及其规模收益递增入手,通过构建产业集聚判定的模型框架,对我国部分国家高新区的产业集聚现状进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,我国国家高新区的产业集聚已具雏形并呈不断加强的趋势,但部分高新区产业集聚质量不高的问题仍应引起足够重视。     

Technological internationalisation in the electro-technical industry: a cross-company comparison of patenting patterns 1986-2000

This paper addresses the issue of R&D internationalisation of two multinationals in the electro-technical industry (GE and ABB), by means of a patent data analysis. The overwhelming majority of both companies’ R&D activities are concentrated in Western Europe and North America. The locational overlap between the two firms’ activities is small. These results are consistent with findings from earlier studies that (1) there is little evidence to suggest that the ‘production’ of technology is globalised in a general sense and (2) that tapping knowledge from an industry's global lead location plays a very limited role in foreign R&D investments.     

基础研究的经济回报率测度:国外研究述评

随着基础研究活动规模和投入经费的不断扩大 ,对其投入的经济回报进行测度与评价的要求越来越迫切。几十年来 ,国外许多学者对此进行了有益的探索。现有的大多数有关基础研究回报率的估计与测度都或多或少基于科学研究与创新 (商业化 )间的线性作用模型 ,没有充分考虑到其复杂性、非线性和知识外溢效应等 ,存在方法论上的缺陷 ,此外测度方法与手段也需进一步创新。     

索罗余值法测算科技进步贡献率的局限与改进

介绍国内外利用索罗余值法测算科技进步贡献率的现状,指出采用索罗余值法在部分新兴工业化国家以及我国高新区科技进步贡献率测算中存在的局限。针对这一问题,提出可以通过在生产函数中引入科技进步系数和规模收益系数予以改进,并用我国高新区及其所在城市1991-2004年的面板数据进行验证。     

规模经济在汽车工业发展中的作用及对中国的启示

主要根据美、日等国家汽车工业的发展过程,分析了汽车工业的现状,预示汽车工业未来的三大趋势是：市场瓶颈、企业购并、产品趋同。从而清楚地看到经济在汽车工业发展中的重要作用。同时,通过规模经济在汽车工业发展中的作用和分析,给出了中国汽车工业发展的启示：不可违背经济规律,结合中国国情,借鉴汽车工业发达国家的经验,走适合中国汽车工业发展之路;面对世贸组织的新挑战,适时主动出击,统筹考虑,组建集团,实现规模经济;合理调整需求结构,注意载货车、更新车市场;加强基础设施建设。     

The tipping point: F-score as a function of the number of retrieved items

One of the best known measures of information retrieval (IR) performance is the F-score, the harmonic mean of precision and recall. In this article we show that the curve of the F-score as a function of the number of retrieved items is always of the same shape: a fast concave increase to a maximum, followed by a slow decrease. In other words, there exists a single maximum, referred to as the tipping point, where the retrieval situation is ‘ideal’ in terms of the F-score. The tipping point thus indicates the optimal number of items to be retrieved, with more or less items resulting in a lower F-score. This empirical result is found in IR and link prediction experiments and can be partially explained theoretically, expanding on earlier results by Egghe. We discuss the implications and argue that, when comparing F-scores, one should compare the F-score curves’ tipping points.     

A Rethinking on the Benefits and Drawbacks of Common Antioxidants and a Proposal to Look for the Antioxidants in Allium Products as Ideal Agents: A Review

This review article on the beneficial uses of Allium antioxidants tries to give some answers to the recent doubts raised by Singh et al. (Ind J Clin Biochem 25(3):225–243, 2010) against the claim of some researchers that Antioxidants (AOs) are miraculous molecules. Many people still believe that vitamins like A, C and E are the only true AOs that play important role in the corrections of metabolic derangements in life style diseases and hence all their faults are attributed to the failures of AOs as a class. This is quite unfair as there are many other natural AOs that do equal or even better AO action than the vitamins. Such is the case with the Allium S-alkyl sulfoxide aminoacids and their breakdown products viz, the various poly sulfides and their oxides e.g. allicin and ajoene type compounds which trap electrons mainly. It is true that antioxidant vitamins and β-carotene a precursor of Vitamin A bring about problems as prooxidant or as agents that block some metabolic pathways and gene expression. Again the argument that AOs cannot improve the level of antioxidant enzymes like SOD, catalase and glutathione Px is also not universal. Actually allium AOs can even spare the use of antioxidant vitamins in the body and enhance the action of antioxidant enzymes and supply of ATP and other nutrients to the tissues as the former are good vasodialators and promoters of membrane permeability. The use of AOs should be selective and moderate. Allium AOs satisfy the role of ideal AOs based on many of their invivo and invitro actions reported by the author and others. Their metabolits can regenerate them and recycle them for a sufficient time in the body. They have non antioxidant effects also such as antiplatelet, fibrinolytic, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiageing actions etc. Plant derived AOs may be more beneficial and better tolerated in their partially purified forms rather than in their absolutely purified forms as the accompanying principles have some protective and regulatory effects in general. This and other aspects of allium AOs are discussed in the paper.     

GIS技术在山地城市生态敏感性分析中的应用

运用遥感/GIS技术,选择土地利用类型、高程、坡度、植被覆盖、所在流域与丹江口水库距离等5个因子,采用因子加权叠加法,对十堰市规划区生态敏感性进行分析.按敏感度的高低将规划区划分为高敏感区、中敏感区、低敏感区和不敏感区4级,并提出分区保护与发展的建议,为规划区城乡建设和生态环境保护提供重要支撑和依据.     

试论我国电子政务绩效评估方法的完善——以杭州的实践为样本

近年来,随着电子政务在我国的快速发展,与之有关的绩效评估也在各地进行。其中,杭州2012年开展的电子政府发展指数评估具有典型意义,因而文中以之为样本,在对其基本情况作概括介绍并结合外部经验就其利弊得失予以思考的基础上,对我国电子政府绩效评估方法的完善路径加以探讨。总体看来,应做到客观评估与主观评估(定量与定性)相结合,更加注重专家评审委员会和群众意见在评审中的作用,考察范围应当更为全面,等等。     

Epistemic modality: From uncertainty to certainty in the context of information seeking as interactions with texts

This article introduces a type of uncertainty that resides in textual information and requires epistemic interpretation on the information seeker’s part. Epistemic modality, as defined in linguistics and natural language processing, is a writer’s estimation of the validity of propositional content in texts. It is an evaluation of chances that a certain hypothetical state of affairs is true, e.g., definitely true or possibly true. This research shifts attention from the uncertainty–certainty dichotomy to a gradient epistemic continuum of absolute, high, moderate, low certainty, and uncertainty. An analysis of a New York Times dataset showed that epistemically modalized statements are pervasive in news discourse and they occur at a significantly higher rate in editorials than in news reports. Four independent annotators were able to recognize a gradation on the continuum but individual perceptions of the boundaries between levels were highly subjective. Stricter annotation instructions and longer coder training improved intercoder agreement results. This paper offers an interdisciplinary bridge between research in linguistics, natural language processing, and information seeking with potential benefits to design and implementation of information systems for situations where large amounts of textual information are screened manually on a regular basis, for instance, by professional intelligence or business analysts.     

生态文明视角下江西省旅游业发展浅探

相比于工业文明来说,生态文明是一种高级且更为先进的现代文明新形态,而且它的核心主张是从传统的人对自然的统治转变为人与自然的和谐发展。本文以江西省为例,结合其当前旅游发展的生态环境基础及影响,对未来江西旅游业发展的相关策略进行了探究。     

借鉴国外科技教育经验发展青少年科普事业

国外的科学教育模式有很多优秀的东西,值得我们借鉴和学习.但对于如何借鉴国外的先进青少年科技教育模式,目前值得大家进一步去探讨和研究.本文综合分析了国外青少年科普工作的形式、典型做法、以及国外青少年科普工作特点及趋势,研究了国外青少年科普工作各个领域、各种方式、各个主体(特别是政府和各种非政府组织)的行为.并详细介绍了基本能代表各类国家特点青少年科普的情况,使我们较为清晰地了解国外青少年科普的基本面貌和发展趋势.同时对照分析了浙江省青少年科普工作现状,特别针对在认识上、形式上、内容上、方法上存在的问题,如何借鉴西方科技教育成功的做法,更好更快发展我省的青少年科普事业,进一步加大青少年科技教育工作力度,以适应现代化建设对创造性科技人才及有科技素养的劳动者的需要提出了建设性意见.     

以项目为载体、以实践为导向的高职日语专业毕业设计模式改革初探——以大连东软信息技术学院日语系应用El语专业为例

毕业设计是实现人才培养目标的重要一环,必须注重学生实践环节的设计。目语系应用日语专业在汲取现行高职日语专业毕业设计形式优势的基础上．通过设计“企业实习”和“校内实践”两种形式．解决部分学生因找不到合适实习单位而无法参加实践的问题。同时,在“校内实践”环节．学生通过接受教师指导和参加大学生创业中心SOVO1短期实习．设计较为完整的商务活动内容．模拟活动的实施过程．记录各阶段成果并加以展示。从而实现毕业设计的职业性和专业性．保障人才培养目标的实现。实现毕业设计成为“压顶石项目”。     

浅谈如何发挥高校思政课的“育人”功能——以体验式教学法为例分析

中国的大学一方面要为国家培养高素质人才,另一方面要培育出全面发展的"完人",因此,中国的高等教育肩负着前所未有的重担。大学通识教育的普及和开展是完成这一历史性目标的重要方式,也是发挥教育功能的必要手段。思想政治理论课作为大学重要的通识教育课程发挥着重要的"育人"功能。本文以体验式教学法为例,分析将"体验"融入课堂教学过程,是推动思政课堂"育人"功能发挥的重要手段。     

对留守儿童突出问题的分析及对策——以乐成镇部分社区留守儿童为例

2010年7月,体育学院20名学生根据学校的统一部署,奔赴乐清市乐成镇并与乐清市政府合作,开展了关爱留守儿童为主题的暑期社会实践活动。用半个月的时间对乐成镇西城、丹霞、明丰、银潭、东城5个社区的留守儿童进行实地考察与观察,发现乐清市乐成镇5个社区开办的暑期学校的留守儿童就有200多名,其年纪在3岁到14岁之间,留守儿童不同程度上存在学业失控、道德失范、心理失衡等问题。