高职教育工学结合课程的实践探讨

工学结合模式下的课程建设需要对校内的学习和企业的实习做一体化设计,以工作过程为导向按典型工作任务、典型生产任务进行课程开发,可以使学生在校内和校外的学习和实习过程中都与工作知识紧密结合,也使教师与学生成为实施工学结合课程的共同体.     

基于工学结合的工作过程导向式高职课程开发的再思考

在国家高职示范校内涵建设过程中,基于工学结合的工作过程导向式高职课程开发已成为高职课程改革的主要模式之一,其中,以“双元（学校与企业）”合作的“三方（学校-企业-学校）”为特征是工作过程导向式课程开发的重要内涵;同时,加强深层次工学结合、推进生产性与顶岗性实训和打造“双师”结构则是其实施的重要保障。     

工学结合课程建设的内涵与着力点

高职院校工学结合课程开发与建设应以综合职业能力的培养为目标定位,要按照工作过程构建理论学习、技能训练和职业认同感高度统一的综合性工学结合课程;构建学做一体的行动导向教学模式;采取以过程控制为特征的发展性评价;建设集校园文化与企业文化为一体的职业学习场所——学习工作站;对教师开展基于工作过程的教学设计与实施培训,并形成一种团队学习机制——建立课改共同体。     

高职畜牧兽医专业工学结合的实施与挑战

通过杨凌职业技术学院工学结合实践,阐述了高职畜牧兽医专业工学结合的意义、基本理论问题及面临挑战。即企业、指导教师、学校和学生在工学结合中具有各自重要的功能;实施工学结合的实质是职业教育质量工程;工学结合在革新高职教学模式、塑造全能型实用人才、落实产学结合途径和机制及优化教师素质中展示着举足轻重的作用;企业、学生和学校＂三满意＂是工学结合成功的标志;在工学结合中企业、学生和学校各自应具备各自的必要条件;目前工学结合指导教师工作量的度量合理性低。     

以工学结合为导向重构人才培养方案

工学结合是当前高等职业院校实现人才培养目标的教育模式,而基于工作过程的课程是工学结合的根本和落脚点.以工学结合为导向重构"三学期制"的人才培养方案,即每学期课内总学时控制在360左右,校外工学结合、工学交替的工作可以与第一、第二学年末的暑期连续安排,形成"三学期制";制订与人才培养目标相符的教学大纲,将工学结合渗透到人才培养的每一个环节,使教学方法、教学手段改革与课程体系改革有机结合起来,实现课程运行模式从封闭向开放转变,课程的实施由学校(教师)一元主体向学校、企业、学生多元主体转变.     

技工院校一体化课程学生课堂学习评价思考与实践

<正>工学一体化课程学习是以学生为中心的整体化学习,学生课堂学习评价是教学活动的重要组成部分,具有学习导向作用。在教学实施过程中,教师需要根据课堂学习目标,遵循教学规律和职业“工作规律”,对学生学习效果、状态采用恰当的方式方法进行评价,通过有效的反馈,以修正教师的教和学生的学,实现教学质量的持续提升。一、学生课堂学习评价原则(一)坚持“工学结合、学生中心”工学结合一体化课程是基于工作行动导向的多课程重构,     

"产学研结合"与"工学结合"解读

产学研结合是科教兴国的战略举措,主要目的是通过科学研究促进国家的经济建设与社会发展。对高等教育而言,每一所高等院校都应遵循产学研结合的战略思想,加强与企业和科研院所的合作,努力提高科技服务能力。工学结合是学习与工作相结合的教育模式,主要目的是提高学生的综合素质和就业竞争实力,学生的主体地位和市场化运作是当前学校成功实施工学结合的关键。     

试论高职教育“校企合作、工学结合”人才培养模式改革

高职教育人才培养类型,决定着人才培养必须是以校企合作为基础、以工学结合为核心,完善人才培养模式;以工作过程为导向、以工作任务为载体,重构课程结构与教学内容;根据工学结合教学要求加强师资队伍建设;以保障工学结合课程实施为依据,推动实验实训条件建设。只有如此,才能走出一条符合中国国情、学校与企业双赢的校企合作之路,构筑高技能人才培养的新平台。     

关于优化工学结合的对策探讨

工学结合是一种特殊的教育形式,将现实的工作情境引入教学,这给企业管理、学校教学、教师评聘、学生评价带来许多新问题。工学结合需要协调经济发展与职业教育、企业与学校、工作与学习、理论教学与实践教学的关系,需要合理定位学生角色,确保学生利益。因此,应对优化工学结合的政策加以探讨。     

工学结合课程开发应掌握的几个要点

课程开发、建设和实施是学校各项教学建设核心工作之一．高等职业教育工学结合的人才培养模式改革的关键在于开发、建设和实施符合工学结合要求的课程。因此,必须掌握工学结合课程开发的要点。     

谈小学探究性课程实施和组织计划的制定

学校和教师在具体组织和实施探究性课程过程中，都会涉及课程实施和组织的具体计划，如何制定较为合理的实施组织计划，将直接影响着小学探究性课程价值的实现。在制定实施组织计划中，学校需要考虑以下问题：课程所达成的具体目标、学习时间和空间的安排、课题内容的确定、学生探究性学习小组的组织方式及教师的配备等等。     

高中新课程实施论纲

在新课程改革试验区,高中新课程实施面临一系列的问题。高中新课程要求教师根据国家或地方的课程标准灵活地对教材进行处理。课程实施应采用调试取向,在策略上优化课程结构,根据知识的性质,采取多样化的实施策略;在制度上改革教师的抗拒心态,实现教师的内在改变;构建学校改革气氛;开发利用各种资源;加强课程领导职能。     

乡镇中心小学课程改革现状调查及应策

当前,乡镇中心小学课程改革取得可喜成绩：教师对课程改革的理念已基本认同,学校能根据上级要求开设三类课程．课程改革思想在课堂逐步得到呈现。但从现实状况看,还存在着一些亟须解决的问题：课程设置只是加法拼盘,课程建构仍是编写教材,课程实施还是变相讲解。出现这些问题的原因：没有从整体上规划课程,没有从本质上建构课程,没有从理念上实施课程。其应对策略为：从学校教育哲学出发,整体规划课程;从课程本质意义出发,科学建构课程;从课程学习理念出发,全面实施课程。     

The Pedagogical Orientations of South African Physical Sciences Teachers Towards Inquiry or Direct Instructional Approaches

In recent years, inquiry-based science instruction has become widely advocated in science education standards in many countries and, hence, in teacher preparation programmes. Nevertheless, in practice, one finds a wide variety of science instructional approaches. In South Africa, as in many countries, there is also a great disparity in school demographic situations, which can also affect teaching practices. This study investigated the pedagogical orientations of in-service physical sciences teachers at a diversity of schools in South Africa. Assessment items in a Pedagogy of Science Teaching Test (POSTT) were used to identify teachers’ science teaching orientations, and reasons for pedagogical choices were probed in interviews. The findings reveal remarkable differences between the orientations of teachers at disadvantaged township schools and teachers at more privileged suburban schools. We found that teachers at township schools have a strong ‘active direct’ teaching orientation overall, involving direct exposition of the science followed by confirmatory practical work, while teachers at suburban schools exhibit a guided inquiry orientation, with concepts being developed via a guided exploration phase. The study identified contextual factors such as class size, availability of resources, teacher competence and confidence, time constraints, student ability, school culture and parents’ expectations as influencing the methods adopted by teachers. In view of the recent imperative for inquiry-based learning in the new South African curriculum, this study affirms the context specificity of curriculum implementation (Bybee 1993) and suggests situational factors beyond the curriculum mandate that need to be addressed to achieve successful inquiry-based classroom instruction in science.     

Implementing microcomputers in science teaching

Conclusion The most important finding from this study is that if one adheres to the guidelines from the literature on staff development and educational change, teachers can and will change their teaching behaviors. It is very easy, however, to underestimate the time and resources required to implement change in schools. Even a seemingly simple change such as increasing use of educational computing, which teachers can implement in their individual classrooms without an overhaul of schools, is immensely complex and difficult. Helping teachers and schools change requires a systematic effort, with intensive on-going support over a period of three or more years. Science educators, school leaders, and the public must learn that school improvement is not an event but a continual process of renewal and refinement. This study demonstrates the importance of allocating resources to staff development and implementation along with those for curriculum development. Fortunately, the National Science Foundation has recognized the importance of implementation in school improvement by requiring that implementation be an integral part of all curriculum development projects it funds. As Hall (1986) said, “It is not enough to build pretty boxes; what is important is to get the boxes used.” This article is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. MDR-8470061. Any opionions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.     

特殊教育学校文化建设：困境与出路

特殊教育学校文化包括物质文化、制度文化与精神文化三方面的内容,它们是影响特殊教育学校良好发展的重要因素。然而,当前特殊教育学校文化建设过程中面临着三种困境：学校文化是坚持本土内生还是异地移植;是选择一元观念还是多元观念;是继承传统还是开拓创新。为了解决特殊教育学校文化建设中存在的困境,特殊教育学校应该注重校长办学理念的科学性,彰显学校文化的全纳理念;创建特殊教育学校的生态文化,构建特殊学校师生的学习共同体;加强特殊教育教师的合作文化,促进校本课程的开发与实施。     

西部一乡镇中小学课程资源开发的调查研究

乡村学校开发所在社区课程资源是在落后条件挑战下课程改革的必行之道。调查显示乡村虽有丰富的课程资源,并且学生也有一定需求,教师也已有意无意利用,但以“学校”为主体的开发还没有上升到意识层面,同时也存在教师课程意识淡薄、已有开发方式单一、制约条件较多、学校与社区联系少等问题。为此,校长增强课程意识,教师提高自身素质,创新课程资源开发方式,改善学校办学条件,加强学校与社区的交流和合作,是乡村学校开发社区课程资源的应有之举。     

Primary schools and the delivery of relationships and sexuality education: the experience of Queensland teachers

Primary school provides an appropriate opportunity for children to commence comprehensive relationships and sexuality education (RSE), yet many primary school teachers avoid teaching this subject area. In the absence of teacher confidence and competence, schools have often relied on health promotion professionals, external agencies and/or one-off issue-related presentations rather than cohesive, systematic and meaningful health education. This study examines the implementation of a 10-lesson pilot RSE unit of work and an accompanying assessment task in two primary schools in South-East Queensland, Australia. Drawing predominantly from qualitative data, the research explores the experiences of primary school teachers as they engage with RSE curriculum resources and content delivery. The results show the provision of a high-quality RSE curriculum resource grounded in contemporary educational principles and practices enables teachers to feel more confident to deliver RSE and minimises potential barriers such as parental objections and fear of mishandling sensitive content.     

Teachers' perceptions of the recent curriculum reforms and their implementation: what can we learn from the case of Korean elementary teachers?

This study examines: 1) how Korean elementary school teachers perceive recent curriculum reforms; 2) where their perceptions emanate from; and 3) what support teachers need in order to implement curriculum reforms actively and effectively. This study has shown that teachers generally harbour negative and unconstructive feelings about curriculum reform. These feelings negatively impact their involvement in and commitment to implementing reform. Several issues to be considered for teacher training and support evolved from our analysis of teachers' perceptions of the curriculum reform and the implementation: first, teachers are insufficiently provided with professional development programmes that support curriculum implementation; second, teachers lack opportunities to work through implementation problems and difficulties with peer teachers; and last, contextual and cultural constraints inhibit implementation of curriculum reform. Based upon these findings, this study makes several suggestions for teacher educators and curriculum policymakers.     

基于新课标理念的中小学艺术课程统整

课程统整是新课标理念下中小学艺术课程设计与实施的重要方式和途径。新课标理念下的中小学艺术课程统整具有促进课程有机融合,达成艺术核心素养提升;充分发挥主观能动性,持续优化艺术教师课程执行力;合理调动课程系统要素,助推艺术课程系统高效运行几方面的价值定位。基于新课标新理念的中小学艺术课程统整,需遵循“适应性专业知识”、艺术学科高阶思维和课程系统协同育人的逻辑。达成中小学艺术课程的有效统整、推进中小学艺术课程有效实施,需要采取以下三个方面的策略：明晰新课标理念,增强艺术课程统整意识;依据新课标课程整合取向,绘制中小学艺术课程统整框架;协同教师发展,提升艺术教师课程统整执行力。