Improvement in electrolyte imbalance in critically ill patient after magnesium supplementation — A case report

Hypomagnesaemia is common finding in current medical practice mainly in critically ill, post-operative patients and patients admitted to ICU in tertiary cancer cases. Magnesium has been directly implicated in hypokalemia, hypocalcaemia and dysrrthymias. We report a case of 60 year old patient, suffering from rectal carcinoma for a period of one year with confirmed hypokalemia, hypocalcaemia and hyponatremia. Magnesium supplementation corrected the underlying multiple electrolyte disturbances in the patient thus, establishing a positive correlation of magnesium with sodium, potassium and calcium.     

前列腺增生症经尿道前列腺电切术并尿失禁原因及预防

目的：探讨良性前列腺增生症经尿道前列腺电切术后并尿失禁的原因。方法翻阅病案资料,随机选取2011年1月-2013年1月广西中医药大学第一附属医院良性前列腺增生症行前列腺电切术病人330例。术后回访6个月-1年,平均回访8个月。结果共出现尿失禁21人,发生比例为6.3%。其中,轻度尿失禁4.5%,压力性尿失禁1.2%,完全性尿失禁0.6%。结论经尿道前列腺电切术较为大多数病人所接受,是治疗良性前列腺增生症的理想方法。术后尿失禁是一种多因素综合作用的结果,部分尿失禁是由于医源性造成,需引起重视,大多数的病人可以在短时间内恢复。     

中国老年人终身教育必要性探析

目前,我国是世界上老年人口最多的国家,占世界老年人口总数的五分之一,而且正经历着人口的迅速老龄化。如何应对快速发展的老龄化趋势,已经成为我国最亟待解决的问题。终身教育的最终目的是提高人的生命、生活质量,其作为解决老龄化问题的重要手段,对经济、社会以及环境的可持续发展具有重要意义。对我国老年人终身教育的发展及必要性进行探讨,可以为我国老年人终身教育事业的发展提供可资借鉴的依据。     

CYSTINURIA: Crystals that Make a Baby Cry

Cystinuria is a common aminoaciduria due to a COAL transporter defect in renal tubular epithelium. Increased level of cystine in urine with occasional cystine crystal can be diagnostic. With reference to clinical examinations, symptoms and laboratory reports we present a case of primary cystinuria. Prevention of complication in cystinuric relies on detection at early stage and targeting treatment towards maintaining low level of urinary cystine level.     

Serum copper in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia in the elderly and it’s prevalence is rapidly rising. Oxidative stress plays important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. Metals like copper, iron derived through diet can act as pro-oxidant under oxidative stress. In the present study, serum copper levels were evaluated in 50 patients with Alzheimer’s disease, 24 patients with Vascular Dementia and 30 controls. All the groups were also investigated for serum ceruloplsmin levels. The mean copper levels in Alzheimer’s disease and Vascular Dementia were significantly raised compared to controls. An attempt has been made to study the relationship of serum copper with ceruloplasmin. Our study found weak correlation between copper and ceruloplasmin levels in Alzheimer’s disease and Vascular Dementia.     

体会老年患者创伤急救及护理的特殊性

临床实习护生在单纯理论学习中大多没有专门针对老年患者创伤急救进行专门培训,事实上老年创伤患者本身身体各种生理机能下降,并伴有不同程度的慢性疾病,在进行创伤急救的过程中与普通创伤病人的诊治护理方法明显不同。急救中心每日承担大量的内外妇儿疾病的急救工作,不同年龄、性别,不同科室的病人有时会同时送入,有效准确的分诊和应急处理对每一个接管护士都是一个考验。既要准确,又要合理地观察护理,某种意义上是对急救医生救治工作最有效的支持。护生的临床实习常规概念是课本理论知识的巩固与加强,但事实上许多是实践充实理论。急救中心工作有非常大的特殊性,除了过硬的护理操作实践技术外,不仅仅需要医护人员反应敏捷、配合娴熟,而且还要丰富的接诊治疗不同年龄、不同疾病病人经验,这些经验积累是学校护理理论学习中难以体会到的。急诊科一个月的实习,自身经验及临床知识的提升收获极大。     

Preanalytical requirements of urinalysis

Urine may be a waste product, but it contains an enormous amount of information. Well-standardized procedures for collection, transport, sample preparation and analysis should become the basis of an effective diagnostic strategy for urinalysis. As reproducibility of urinalysis has been greatly improved due to recent technological progress, preanalytical requirements of urinalysis have gained importance and have become stricter. Since the patients themselves often sample urine specimens, urinalysis is very susceptible to preanalytical issues. Various sampling methods and inappropriate specimen transport can cause important preanalytical errors. The use of preservatives may be helpful for particular analytes. Unfortunately, a universal preservative that allows a complete urinalysis does not (yet) exist. The preanalytical aspects are also of major importance for newer applications (e.g. metabolomics). The present review deals with the current preanalytical problems and requirements for the most common urinary analytes.     

农村高龄老人社区照顾模式构建与探讨

我国人口老龄化日益严重的同时,老年人口内部也在不断老化。我国是个农业大国,相对落后的经济水平,家庭的小型化,机构养老基础的不稳固,使得农村地区高龄老人的养老问题更为突出。高龄老人相对低龄老人而言,带病生存的几率更高,同时随着自理能力的下降,高龄老人更需要专业的照顾。发展社区照顾模式,整合社区资源为高龄老人提供全方位的照顾,既可以解决传统家庭照料的困境,又可以弥补机构养老的不足,将是我国农村地区养老事业发展的一个新趋势。     

基于InVEST模型的小流域沉积物保留生态效益评估——以陕西省营盘山库区为例

沉积物保留是保证生态系统健康运转所必需的基础功能之一。准确计算流域沉积物的保留量,开展水土保持效益评估,对于黄土高原水土保持、土地利用结构调整、退耕还林、生态补偿及水库管理等方面具有重要的实际应用价值。本文以陕西省黄河支流无定河源头营盘山库区为例,基于Arc GIS10平台,运用In VEST的沉积物保留模型,定量估算了2013年营盘山库区沉积物保留量及2013-2070年内沉积物保留价值,同时对不同土地利用类型的沉积物保留功能重要性进行了评价。结果表明:2013年营盘山库区的沉积物保留总量为493.43万t;2013-2070年流域的沉积物保留总价值达到1.29亿元;库区东西侧沉积物保留价值差别很大,这与流域内部地形地貌、土地利用方式、生态系统类型、植被覆盖情况、土壤理化性质、气候等因子密切相关,前4个因子起主导作用;不同土地利用类型的沉积物保留功能重要性依次为稀疏草地稀疏灌木林旱地落叶阔叶林水域居民地裸地。     

The use of lysosomal enzymuria in the early detection and monitoring of the progression of diabetic nephropathy

Recent acquisitions on the early detection and monitoring of the progression of diabetic complications (nephropathy) using the techniques of enzymology (lysosomal enzymes) are reviewed. it appears that the kidney is the principal source of urinary lysosomal enzymes. Urinary samples for lysosomal enzyme determination can be either 24-hour or spot-collection. The use of synthetic substrates (4-methylumbelliferyl substrates) provides an easy, inexpensive, sensitive and highly reproducible method of lysosomal enzyme assay. It is recommended that more than one enzyme be assayed in the process. The use of fractional enzyme excretion (FEE) ratios is further recommended. The urinary lysosomal glycosidases investigated and found to be of particular diagnostic value in the early detection of diabetic nephropathy include N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (β-hexosaminidase, NAG), β-glucuronidase and β-galactosidase, with NAG being the most useful indicator. Urinary NAG can be used in monitoring the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The fluorimetric assay of lysosomal glycosidases is particuarly recommended in developing countries since it is simple, sensitive and inexpensive.     

幼儿孝心教育的研究

尊重长者,孝敬父母是中华民族的传统美德。有无孝敬父母的习惯,不单单是子女对父母的关系,其实质是一个能否关心他人的大问题。在家里能养成孝敬父母的好习惯,到社会上,才能关心同事,也才有可能做到对祖国忠诚。因此我们千万不能忽视培养孩子尊敬长者,孝敬父母的好习惯。     

面向老龄社会的新兴技术预测与评价研究

当前面向老龄社会的新兴技术预测相关研究十分匮乏,且存在分析节点聚焦于新兴技术已知的事后分析,分析对象局限于单一技术领域的局限性,导致新兴技术预测结果即时性、可靠性不高。鉴于此,本文基于2019美国发布的《Emerging Technologies to Support an Aging Population》报告,对面向老龄社会的新兴技术领域进行全局的系统梳理与归纳,利用语义挖掘和空间向量模型深入探析专利主题与技术内涵,引入数据降维方法与可视化分析识别技术空位,并嵌入更具前瞻性的实时专家网络评论文本进行社会感知分析,有效识别并评估了养老科技潜在新兴技术。研究结果表明：通过技术空位与社会感知双重验证,有效降低了新兴技术预测结果的风险性。面向老龄社会的新兴技术趋势为：老年大数据与信息采集与处理技术、老年人出行辅助与防护技术、老年人医疗保健技术、老年智能家居技术、老年远程护理辅助系统与技术、老年人认知管理技术。     

老年人口流动对福祉技术创新需求的分析

以全国流动人口抽样调查数据为数据源,细粒度的分析我国流动老年人面临的社会问题。研究发现,老年人口流动加重了异地医疗的需求,且对于流动老年人的疾病诊断和居家照料都提出了严峻挑战。针对以上流动老年人口面临问题,基于福祉技术创新解决问题的思路,并在政府、企业、高校等层面提出了策略性建议,促进福祉技术的快速发展,缓解老年人口流动带来的医疗和护理压力。     

Diagnostic accuracy of urinary prostate protein glycosylation profiling in prostatitis diagnosis

Introduction

Although prostatitis is a common male urinary tract infection, clinical diagnosis of prostatitis is difficult. The developmental mechanism of prostatitis is not yet unraveled which led to the elaboration of various biomarkers. As changes in asparagine-linked-(N-)-glycosylation were observed between healthy volunteers (HV), patients with benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer patients, a difference could exist in biochemical parameters and urinary N-glycosylation between HV and prostatitis patients. We therefore investigated if prostatic protein glycosylation could improve the diagnosis of prostatitis.

Materials and methods

Differences in serum and urine biochemical markers and in total urine N-glycosylation profile of prostatic proteins were determined between HV (N = 66) and prostatitis patients (N = 36). Additionally, diagnostic accuracy of significant biochemical markers and changes in N-glycosylation was assessed.

Results

Urinary white blood cell (WBC) count enabled discrimination of HV from prostatitis patients (P < 0.001). Urinary bacteria count allowed for discriminating prostatitis patients from HV (P < 0.001). Total amount of biantennary structures (urinary 2A/MA marker) was significantly lower in prostatitis patients compared to HV (P < 0.001). Combining the urinary 2A/MA marker and urinary WBC count resulted in an AUC of 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (0.70–0.89) which was significantly better than urinary WBC count (AUC = 0.70, 95% CI = [0.59–0.82], P = 0.042) as isolated test.

Conclusions

We have demonstrated the diagnostic value of urinary N-glycosylation profiling, which shows great potential as biomarker for prostatitis. Further research is required to unravel the developmental course of prostatic inflammation.Key words: diagnostic marker, prostatitis, urinary asparagine-linked glycosylation     

Evaluation of urinary abnormalities in urolithiasis patients: A study from North India

Metabolic abnormalities were investigated in 44 stone patients with first time (group 1) and 56 with 2 times stone formation (group 2), and in 25 normal individuals. 24hr urine was analysed spectrophotometrically for oxalate, calcium, magnesium, citrate, uric acid, phosphate and creatinine. Hypocitraturia and hyperoxaluria were the common abnormalities in the stone formers. Stone patients had significantly higher urinary oxalate, calcium and uric acid and lower phosphate than normal individuals. Citrate/calcium and magnesium/calcium ratio were significantly high in normal individuals than stone formers. Patients in group 2 excreted significantly higher urinary calcium and lower citrate that patients in group 1. Citrate/calcium ratio was higher in group 1 than group 2. Hypocitraturia, hyperoxaluria, hypercalciuria and increased citrate/calcium and magnesium/calcium ratio seem to be an essential risk factor for stone formation. Patients with recurrent stone formation could be distinguished from patients with first time stone formation on the basis of urinary calcium and citrate.     

Detection and correction of incomplete duplicate 24-hour urine collections – theory and practical evidence

IntroductionThe intraindividual variability in urinary creatinine excretion is notoriously large. The aims of this study were to investigate the variability of duplicate consecutive 24-hour urinary creatinine excretions in patients and to develop a model for the detection and correction of discrepant creatinine excretions.Materials and methodsA group of 270 patients (82 men and 188 women) were included in the study. We collected the following data: urinary 24-hour volumes (volumetric/gravimetric) and urinary creatinine concentrations (Jaffé/enzymatic) on both collection days. We performed specific calculations to detect discrepant creatinine excretions.ResultsIn 60 patients (22%) discrepant collections were found. Among the remaining 78%, 22% of the patients collected very accurately (almost identical urinary creatinine excretions). In this subgroup the volume ratios and the creatinine concentration ratios behave inversely as in a dilution curve. A theoretical model and six collection scenarios were developed to detect, interpret and correct discrepant collections. Practical examples are given to illustrate the use of the model in successful correction of creatinine and other analytes for under- or overcollection.ConclusionsWe conclude that missed or overcollected urine volumes are the largest source of variation in creatinine excretion. Discrepancies in consecutive duplicate 24-hour creatinine excretions can be detected and corrected with specific calculations by means of the presented model. The effectiveness of these corrections is demonstrated with examples from daily practice. These calculations can be easily automated.     

Urinary enzymes in nephrotic syndrome

Tubular damage is a complication associated with nephrotic syndrome and increased levels of urinary enzymes are of significant value in detection of the same. The aim of our study was to evaluate the use of urinary lysozyme and trehalase as markers of tubular dysfunction in nephrotic syndrome. This study assessed 35 nephrotic syndrome patients and 30 healthy controls matched for age and sex. Urine samples were examined at pretreatment and post treatment (8 weeks) stages for proteinuria, lysozyme and trehalase. At pretreatmant stage there was significant increase in urinary lysozyme and trehalase as compared to controls (p<0.001). A good correlation was observed between degree of proteinuria and urinary lysozyme (p<0.001;r=0.80) and trehalase (p<0.001; r=0.74). At the end of 8 weeks of treatment, the patients showed significant decrease in their urinary lysozyme and trehalase activity (p<0.001) but no correlation with degree of proteinuria was observed. Our results indicate that enzymes like lysozyme and trehalase can be used as markers of tubular dysfunction.     

Evaluation of urinary abnormalities in nephrolithiasis patients from Marathwada region

Urinary abnormalities were evaluated in 100 renal stone patients with first episode of renal stone having age 22 to 45 years from both sex and compared to 100 normal healthy control group having same age group from both sex. Twenty-four hours urinary oxalate, calcium, uric acid, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus and citrate were estimated. The urinary pH was also determined. In stone formers urinary oxalate, calcium, sodium and uric acid excretions were significantly higher when compared with control group. Whereas citrate, phosphate and magnesium excretion were significantly lower in stone formers when compared with control. The pH of urine in stone formers was lower than the controls. High dietary intake of purine rich diet causes elevated excretion of uric acid, which leads to calcium oxalate crystal formation and precipitation. Other risk factors such as urinary oxalate, calcium also related to formation of renal calculi. Hypocitraturia is the main cause of renal calculi along with hypomagnesiuria and hypophosphaturia in the patient of Marathwada region. On the basis of urinary abnormalities further stone formation in the patient can be prevented by dietary modifications.     

浅谈老年糖尿病人的家庭护理

目的：院提高老年糖尿病人家庭护理的质量和纠正病人不良的生活习惯,使其保持良好的心理状态,活动能力,促进康复治疗。方法院通过理论研究,在家庭中对老年患者进行心理护理,饮食治疗,运动疗法,用药指导,并发症的预防,随访与记录以及健康教育。结果院防止急性并发症的发生和减低慢性并发症的风险,对已经发生的并发症进行有效控制,提高患者生活质量,延长患者寿命。结论院积极有效的家庭护理得到老年患者和社会的认可,对老年糖尿病的治疗具有关键性的作用。     

浅析迪士尼动画角色

原型是集体无意识的主要内容,是人类祖先在漫长的实践活动中,保留在人类精神中的＂种族记忆＂或＂原始意象＂。荣格认为集体无意识中积淀的原始意象是艺术创作的源泉。动画是一种虚拟、自由的艺术表现形式,不受实拍影视作品的条件限制,不局限于现实生活,可以发挥天马行空的想象力。因此动画成了最为接近＂原型＂的一种艺术形式。本文尝试着从荣格的原型理论出发对迪士尼的动画角色中蕴含的原型意象展开分析,并进而说明其对于当下人们的心理补偿作用。