含最大值中立型差分方程非振动解的渐近性

本文讨论了一类最大值差分方程非振动解的渐近性,得到了与不舍最大值差分方程不同的结果.     

河南方言在英语学习中的负迁移现象举隅

英语学习过程中,母语的负迁移作用往往很明显,尤其在语音方面.文章列举了几例河南方言对河南英语学习者的负迁移现象,以引起学习者注意,从而有意识地加强母语和目的语的对比分析.     

The impact of incorrect examples on learning fractions: A field experiment with 6th grade students

Educational research indicates that error reflection, especially reflection on incorrect examples, has a positive effect on knowledge acquisition. The benefit of error reflections might be explained by the extended knowledge of incorrect strategies and concepts (negative knowledge) which fosters the learning of new content. In a field experiment with a pre-post-design we taught fractions to N = 195 6th grade students and compared two conditions that encouraged reflection on either incorrect or correct examples. We found that incorrect examples supported students’ negative knowledge more than correct examples. However, regarding the knowledge of fractions, only advanced students could benefit from incorrect examples; students with low prior knowledge learned more from correct examples. Even though negative knowledge showed a partial mediation effect for knowledge acquisition, it did not mediate the effect of error reflections on the acquisition of knowledge of fractions. The implications for school instruction are discussed.     

正反例在概念教学中的研究与应用

概念教学在所有课程的教学中占据着重要的地位,是西方教育心理学界研究十分繁荣的一个领域。然而,我国概念教学在理论研究和教学实践中存在的问题由来已久,新课程以来更是出现了虚化"知识教学"、淡化"概念教学"的问题。本文通过介绍国外概念教学研究中关于正反例的研究,尤其是坦尼森(Tennyson)概念教学模式及马飞龙(Marton)的变易理论(Variation theory),指出基于匹配、差异和由简到难三个原则合理组织起来的正反例能够有效地帮助学生掌握概念,并建议加强正反例在我国概念教学中的研究与应用。     

The Impact of teacher behavior,teacher sex,and student sex upon student self-disclosure

The effects of systematically varied teacher verbal and nonverbal evaluative behavior upon student willingness to self-disclose were studied within an experimental microlesson. Subjects were 126 sixth-grade students who were removed from their classrooms to participate in a vocabulary lesson with one of the four experimental teachers (two male and two female). Within each experimental condition, the teacher employed one of four evaluative styles: (1) verbally and nonverbally positive, (2) verbally positive and nonverbally negative, (3) verbally negative and nonverbally positive, or (4) verbally and nonverbally negative. The data analysis indicated that teachers' verbal behavior influenced self-disclosure. The magnitude of student self-disclosure scores was a direct function of the positiveness of teacher verbal behavior. Nonverbal behavior also influenced self-disclosure, interacting with student sex. This effect varied across individual teachers, however, and no consistent pattern was evident.     

Bilingualism in Southwest Louisiana

Abstract

The utility of signal detection theory as a framework for the interpretation of concept acquisition was studied in three experiments involving preschool children. In the first two experiments, one group was taught an unfamiliar line angle concept with an example sequence containing minimally different, juxtaposed positive and negative examples and the other group was taught the same concept with a sequence of positive examples. In both experiments, preschoolers taught with the sequence containing positive and negative examples correctly identified significantly more transfer items than the positive only group. In the third experiment, one group was taught an unfamiliar line angle concept with consistent wording from example to example. The other group was taught with instructions that changed from example to example. Subjects in the consistent group identified significantly more posttraining test items but did no better during transfer testing. The results are discussed in terms of signal strength and the signal-to-noise ratio of the instructional communication.     

隐喻投射的批评性研究

目前国内对隐喻研究更多的侧重于它的积极作用;而很少人关注隐喻投射的潜在消极影响。本文试图通过举例分析,从认知层面和语用层面对隐喻投射的潜在负面影响和误导性所在进行论证,以期对隐喻有一个更全面的认识。     

GERONTOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS OF RELIGION

Stereotypes about aging and the old, both negative and positive, have significant influence upon older people themselves. Often unknowingly, older people incorporate these stereotypes into their own thinking and self-perceptions. A literature search revealed four primary hypotheses about the manner in which these self-stereotypes impact older people: stereotype threat, comparison, externalization, and internalization. Anecdotal examples of the four hypotheses are drawn from an unrelated research study that the authors are currently undertaking. Among these hypotheses, four basic characteristics of self-stereotypes are identified: (a) stereotypes can be negative or positive; (b) stereotypes have significant power, particularly if they are self-relevant; (c) stereotypes can be operative without awareness and influence physical and cognitive outcomes; and (d) negative stereotypes can be countered by positive priming. Due to their ability to significantly influence the cognitive and functional well-being of older people, further research is essential to better understand how these self-stereotypes function.     

广告语言艺术中的谐音浅析

当前,广告语言艺术中的谐音现象日趋增多,其中积极作用与消极影响并存,而消极影响显得越来越大,现已被越来越多的人所认识。本文通过实例对广告语言谐音的特点和作用等做了阐述,同时笔者认为采取措施对谐音广告加以限制是正确的。     

谈数学概念教学

数学概念教学需要联系实际，引入数学概念，利用肯定、否定例证，剖析数学概念，抓住本质特征，强化数学概念，运用辩证观点，发展数学概念，利用比较与联系，深化数学概念。     

论双边FTA对我国经济发展的影响--基于经济增长和就业效应的实证分析

该文运用国际贸易理论定性的分析了FTA对中国经济的影响，并通过建立计量经济模型定量的分析了FTA对中国经济的影响。研究结果显示，出口导向率对总产出有促进作用，进口渗透率对总产出有一定的负面影响，净出口额增量占GDP比值对就业人数增长率有积极的拉动作用。表明FTA对中国的经济发展有推动作用。     

语病观刍议——兼评黄伯荣《现代汉语》的语病分析

文章提出:语病问题是规范语言学和语言教学无法回避的问题,是应用语言学的课题之一,我们应该重视语病问题的理论研究,确立正确的语病观,并以黄伯荣、廖序东主编的《现代汉语》的语病分析为例,从正、反两方面论证了语病体系的科学性,语病界定的准确性,有关训练的有效性等语病观的基本问题。     

三相软开关PWM变流器电流极性检测与电流补偿方法

A novel software implementation for current polarity detection and current compensation is presented. For a three-phase zero-voltage soft-switching （ZVS） PWM converter based on phase and amplitude control （PAC）, when saw-tooth carriers with alternate positive and negative slopes are adopted, the positive or negative slopes are chosen according to the phase current polarity. Since polarity reversal causes current distortion, current at the instant of reversal should be compensated for. Based on the characteristic of unity power factor converter in rectification and regeneration modes, a software implementation for current polarity detection is proposed. Distortion of current zero-crossing caused by using saw-tooth carriers with alternate positive and negative slopes is analyzed, and the relevant compensation method is proposed. Experimental study with a 1.5 kW device shows that phase current has a small harmonic content and power factor is high both in rectification and regeneration modes.     

样例学习研究及其课改意蕴

样例学习是学习者从例示了一般概念、原理、程序的例子中习得解决问题方法的一种学习方式.和单纯的问题解决学习方式相比,样例学习不仅费时少、迁移效果好,还可减轻学生学习时的认知负荷.早期的样例学习研究集中于数学、物理等学科的单内容样例的学习,最近的研究开始涉及没有明确解题步骤的双内容样例的学习.样例学习的重要机制是学习者对样...     

水稻分蘖成穗与产量组成关系分析

本文通过对水稻分蘖成穗与产量组成数量关系的分析表明：提高成穗率即可提高产量及其组成因子;群体穗数与产量多呈负相关,单株穗数与产量多呈正相关;群体的苗、茎（蘖）、穗与成穗率多呈负相关,单株的茎（蘖）、穗与成穗率多呈正相关。     

要重视数学教学中旧知识的负迁移

本文用大量的具体实例说明了学生在学习数学的过程中,旧知识的负迁移产生的原因及对学习的负面影响,同时提出了防止负迁移的几种具体方法。     

大学生社会性问题解决与网络成瘾倾向的关系：社交回避和苦恼的中介效应

采用问卷测量法,以495名大学生为对象,考察了社会性问题解决、社交回避和苦恼与网络成瘾倾向的关系。结果表明：（1）积极问题解决倾向、理性问题解决与社交回避和苦恼以及网络成瘾倾向均呈显著负相关,消极问题解决倾向、回避型问题解决与社交回避和苦恼、网络成瘾倾向之间以及网络成瘾倾向与社交回避和苦恼之间均呈显著正相关,回避型问题解决、消极问题解决倾向、社交回避和苦恼均可正向预测网络成瘾倾向;（2）社交回避和苦恼在消极问题解决倾向、回避型问题解决、理性问题解决与网络成瘾倾向之间均具有显著的中介效应。大学生的社会性问题解决可通过社交回避和苦恼间接影响其网络成瘾倾向。     

大肠癌P_(53)基因和性激素受体相关性观察

利用免疫组化和酶联组化法,对38例结肠直肠癌和5例肠炎和腺瘤组织,进行P53、ER和PR检测,以便观察上述标记物的阳性率和它们之间的相关性。结果表明,结肠炎者阴性,在结肠癌和直肠癌中阳性率分别为44.4％和60％,ER阳性率与P53相同;PR阳性率分别为38.9％和和50％。P53和ER阳性一致率为55％;P53和PR阳性一致率为50％。本实验提示P53、ER、PR在大肠癌中的表达与年龄无明显相关性。     

浅析迁移在物理教学中的作用

本文就迁移在物理教学中的作用,探讨如何在物理教学的若干方面,注意正迁移产生的条件,以消除负迁移的消极影响,提高学生的学习效果。     

失业问题再探

失业不仅是经济问题,而且是社会问题。经济学家对于失业原因及影响的认识不准确,使得经济学研究以降低甚至消除失业为目标。失业由技术进步、产业变动和劳动人口增长等因素共同决定,这使得失业不可能单靠经济政策的调整就能人为地降低或消除。失业是社会经济发展过程中自然生成的一种现象,它具有积极和消极两方面影响,经济学能够解决的不是降低或消除失业,而是减少失业的消极影响,扩大失业的积极影响。