运用现代化教学设备 全面提升生物教学的有效性

课堂教学是学生获得知识的重要渠道,生物教师要有效的引导学生观察事物,培养学生发现问题的能力。如何提高教学效果和学生的学习成绩是每位高中生物教师的职责。因此本文主要就高中生物教学的现状问题,基于生物学科的特殊性,系统分析如何全面提升生物教学的有效性。     

Authoritative schools: A test of a model to resolve the school effectiveness debate

School effectiveness research has fueled debate on the importance of a press for academic excellence versus communal values. Research on parenting styles offers a theoretical framework that may resolve the debate. We hypothesized that dimensions of parenting styles—demandingness (academic press) and responsiveness (communal values)—predict students’ mathematics achievement, engagement, and locus of control. HLM analyses of NELS: 88 data on 19,435 eighth-graders partially supported the hypothesis: Students’ perceptions of school responsiveness predicted their engagement and internal control. In addition, students in responsive schools had smaller differences in mathematics achievement and internal control attributable to SES, suggesting that responsive schools may increase equity. We offer suggestions for further investigation of the model in hope of resolving the debate.     

论职业学校组织结构与效能

当前,职业教育出现的问题很大程度上根源于职业学校的效能低下。其主要原因之一是职业学校组织结构不合理。因此,应该重视对职业学校组织结构的改革和建设,使其为提高职业学校效能服务。     

Dances in migratory,community and school contexts: identity marks and folklorised presences

ABSTRACT

In this research, I analyse the practice of caporales dances in community and school contexts. I put forward some debates around the position of dances in the processes of education and identity definition. I delve into the identification of the caporales with Bolivian migration, poverty and contexts of discrimination. The references are centred on the teaching and performance of these dances in workshops and festivities held by organisations of Bolivian migrants in a town near the city of Buenos Aires. I continue with the analysis of the practices of this dance in school situations and its coexistence with current trends of nationalism in Argentine schools.     

中英督学权威性的比较与借鉴

教育督导对于监督和保障我国教育质量起着举足轻重的作用。我国督学兼具“督学”与“督政”双重职能,承栽国家教育决策的使命,却往往被视为“没有实权”的“荣誉象征”,其权威地位渐失有着传统和现实的原因。本文从理论视角分析了督学权威的内涵,进而对中英督学权威进行了审视与比较,剖析了中英督学权威差异的原因,提出了加强我国督学权威的思考与借鉴。     

关于中职学校民族团结教育实效性研究——以新疆司法警官学校为例

新疆自古就是多宗教、多民族、多文化并存的地区,目前,新疆各中职学校学生民族构成成分较多,民族学生也占有相当的比重。不同民族学生之间在学习、生活中因各自民族文化传统、风俗习惯不同,难免会发生一些误解、矛盾与纠纷。因此,加强民族团结教育,培养具有维护民族团结精神和具有高素质、高技术、高技能的人才就是各中职学校面临的一项主要任务。笔者以新疆司法警官学校为例,深入调研,对我校开展的民族团结教育经验与方法进行归纳与梳理,希望对其他中职学校未来开展民族团结教育提供一些借鉴与参考。     

Investigating specialist school ethos … or do you mean culture?

This paper explores the concept of ethos as a facet of the government’s rapidly growing initiative of the ‘specialist school’. Schools accepted on to the scheme are expected to create a new identity, or ethos: but what exactly is meant by that rather nebulous term? And, in reality, is something as all‐consuming as a school ethos, or culture, something that a school can readily conjure up? This discussion, one facet of the author’s case study of a Specialist Sports College, explores the concept of school cultures, but also gives consideration to areas such as conflicting and ‘toxic’ cultures, and to the possibility that changing a school’s culture can have negative as well as positive effects.     

Whole school approaches to education for sustainable development: a model that links to school improvement

This study applies a model of school organisation developed by one of the authors to investigate school improvement processes leading to a whole school approach in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) literature. The model is operationalized to a survey instrument and distributed to Swedish upper secondary teachers. The instrument provides empirical indications of teachers’ perceptions of their schools in terms of four major dimensions of an ESD whole school approach, the importance assigned to a holistic vision, routines and structures, professional knowledge creation, and practical pedagogical work. The aims of the study are to compare the teachers’ perception of their school organisation. We compare perceptions of teachers working in schools actively implementing ESD and teachers in comparable reference schools. Comparisons are also made between teachers from schools applying different strategies and quality approaches in implementing ESD. The results indicate that, relative to teachers in ordinary schools, those in ESD schools perceive their school organisations to have higher quality and coherence, with greater potential to support teaching and pedagogical work in practice. However, there is substantial variation in perceptions of teachers from different ESD schools. The model’s robustness is validated by coherence of earlier results in the same schools.     

试论中学语文课堂提问的有效性

现阶段提倡课堂有效性的研究,而课堂提问是一种最直接的师生双边活动,是课堂教学的主要形式,对提高课堂有效性有着不可忽视的作用。著名教育家陶行知先生说:"发明千千万,起点是一问"、"智者问得巧,愚者问得笨"。本文就如何实现语文的有效性这一问题进行了探讨。     

Educational quasi-markets,school effectiveness and social inequalities

Over the past few decades, the figure of the market has clearly made its way into the field of education. For some authors, it represents an alternative to regulation by the public authorities, a different form of co-ordination which is better able to meet the objectives of the education systems. Through a secondary analysis of the PISA 2006 database, we test this hypothesis, as well as an alternative one which suggests that the quasi-market, rather than being linked positively to effectiveness of the education systems, would be associated with the students’ achievement dependence on their socio-economic and cultural background and on the social composition of the school they are enrolled in. Our findings suggest that the quasi-market regulation (school autonomy and competition for student recruitment) (1) is not linked to effectiveness and (2) tends to be associated with a stronger link between schools’ social composition and student achievement.     

资产减值准则相关问题探讨

分析了资产减值准则的5条新突破，探讨了我国最新会计准则与国际会计准则对资产减值准备的异同，并针对新准则未明确的存货、长短期投资等项目的减值准备能否冲回的问题提出若干相关思考，认为：应借鉴国际会计准则，大力提高会计人员素质，转变对资产减值准备计提的认识，加强中介结构的审计作用，健全、发展信息市场和价格市场。     

The effectiveness of hybrid dynamic visualisation in learning genetics in a Hong Kong secondary school

Background: A teaching method to improve students’ ability to communicate ideas in genetics across the macro–micro levels of organisation was investigated in this study.

Purpose: It is designed to help students deconstruct the level of organisation of each tier of a genetic diagram, as the symbols used in such diagrams (i.e. lines and letters) can be too abstract to serve as hints for students to identify the level of organisation.

Design and method: The method employs hybrid dynamic visualisation, which combines static (e.g. a genetic diagram) and dynamic visualisations (e.g. meiotic cell division, fertilisation). The method also addresses the learning problem wherein students isolate the conceptual components of the processes of meiotic cell division and fertilisation from the procedural components of genetic diagrams. The new pedagogy was trialled in a voluntary enrichment course with 22 Secondary Six (or 12th grade) students.

Results: The results of conceptual assessments and individual interviews show that the participating students, in general, provided more explanations at the molecular level, although there is considerable room for improvement in making a smooth macro–micro transition. Students also had a better grasp of the symbolic representation and mathematical concepts of genetics. In addition, their responses in individual interviews revealed that they shared a restricted understanding of the term ‘recessiveness’.

Conclusion: Possible scaffolds for revisiting the concept of recessiveness in regular teaching are suggested.     

浅议初中化学课堂探究学习的有效性

义务教育化学学科,以科学探究作为课程改革的突破口,强调科学探究是一种重要而有效的学习方式,又是义务教育阶段化学课程的重要学习内容。在课堂教学中合理利用资源,真正体现＂教为主导,学为主体＂,提高探究学习的有效性。     

关注初中美术课堂活动的有效性

在课堂教学中,教师通过各种课堂活动来达成教学目标。教师安排的课堂活动是否有效?怎样才能更好地、有效地开展课堂活动是本文要阐述的主要内容。本文从以下五个方面对美术课堂活动的有效性加以关注:(一)引导学生进行有效的观察(二)选择合适的教学方法进行有效的讲解(三)组织学生针对问题进行有效讨论(四)从课堂练习中进行有效的技能训练(五)有效的评价,引导学生看到前进的方向。通过对这些方面的关注和研究,保证了美术课堂活动比以往更加深入实际,更加有效,美术课教学目标能够更好得达成,教学质量因此有了实质性的提高。     

Measuring systematic long-term trajectories of school effectiveness improvement

The objective of this study was to identify trajectories of school improvement experienced by Chilean elementary schools over the last decade. Using econometric analysis and controlling for potential confounding factors, we created an index of school performance combining outcome indicators focused on different school dimensions, and estimated the 2002/2010 evolution of school improvement for all Chilean schools with available data. Broadly, we estimated an average increase in the school performance of about 0.19 SD; nevertheless, while 41% of the schools increased their educational performance by at least 0.1 SD, 25% of the schools decreased it during the same period; we also found that improving school effectiveness was more probable among schools with lower student socioeconomic status (SES). Finally, we found that the observed school improvement trajectories tended to be non-linear; thus, we estimated that only 13.4% of the schools improved their performance in a systematic way during the entire decade.     

高校加强无形资产管理的紧迫性

无形资产是高校国有资产的重要组成部分。本文针对高校无形资产管理现状,从时代发展的要求、高校自身发展和国有资产保值增值的角度出发,阐述了加强高校无形资产管理的紧迫性。     

Evaluating school inspection effectiveness: A systematic research synthesis on 30 years of international research

The present study summarized research on school inspection of the last 30 years to provide an estimation of its effectiveness and to identify factors influencing inspection effectiveness. Following a systematic literature search, k = 30 inferential statistical studies on school inspection were coded. Due to the large variety in the analytical strategies used in the studies, the findings were synthesized in a systematic review. Twenty-four percent of the n = 222 effects of the k = 16 control group studies indicated positive and 18 % negative inspection effects. The majority of effects (58 %) was not significant. The most consistent positive inspection effects resulted for standardized achievement tests in Mathematics and in the mother language. Perceived accountability pressure and the perceived quality of the inspection were two of several factors that influenced inspection success in the k = 16 comparison group and correlational studies. The findings highlight new avenues for school inspection research and practice.     

Rethinking school effectiveness and improvement: a question of paradigms

The purpose of this article is to contribute to progressive school change by developing a more systematic critique of school effectiveness (SE) and school improvement (SI) as paradigms. Diverse examples of paradigms and paradigm change in non-educational fields are used to create a model of paradigms for application to SE and SI, and to explore the implications of their hegemony, their rootedness in a neoliberal policy environment, and their limitations as theories and methodologies of school evaluation and change. The article seeks to identify reasons for the inadequacy of orthodox SI in helping schools face contemporary challenges, including schools serving populations burdened by poverty, and finally identifies some alternative approaches to educational change. The article draws examples from an English context, but with international resonances.     

资产减值准备与利润操纵

资产减值准备的计提对提高会计信息质量起着十分重要的作用,但在计提的过程中,利用减值准备进行利润操纵已成为必须解决的问题.本文将上市公司分为亏损和盈利两类,通过对上市公司利用资产减值准备操纵利润的现象透析,分析了上市公司频繁利用资产减值造假的原因,并提出现阶段有效防止上市公司利用资产减值准备造假的对策.     

资产减值会计确认与计量问题探讨——兼论我国资产减值确认标准和计量属性的选择

资产减值会计是对资产减值进行确认，计量，记录和报告的会计分支，目的在于如实反映资产负债表日企业资产的价值以及由于其价值降低可能导致的减值损失。资产减值的确认和计量是资产减值会计的核心，而确认标准和计量属性的选择又是确认和计量的关键。