持续荷载下混凝土的硫酸盐腐蚀研究

研究了普通混凝土和高强混凝土在2．5％,5．0％和10％Na2SO4溶液（质量分数）,以及承受不同应力比（0.25％和50％）弯曲荷载作用下的损伤失效规律、特点．结果表明：混凝土在硫酸盐溶液中腐蚀,其损伤劣化包括初始劣化段、性能改善段和性能劣化段．腐蚀溶液中Na2SO4浓度从2．5％增加到5．0％,混凝土失效时间缩短了25％左右;Na2SO4浓度增加到10％,失效时间缩短了40％．弯曲荷载在腐蚀后期加速混凝土的损伤劣化速度,应力比由0增加到25％,混凝土破坏时间降低15％;应力比增加到50％,其破坏时间降低25％～35％．此外,用SEM、能谱和XRD分析了混凝土在硫酸盐腐蚀作用下的腐蚀产物．     

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response and Collapse for Steel Frame Structures Subjected to Blast Load

The progressive collapse of steel frame structures under the blast load was investigated using LS-DYNA. The multi-material Eulerian and Lagrangian coupling algorithm was adopted. A flu-id-structure coupling finite element model was established which consists of Lagrange element for simulating steel frame structures and concrete ground, multiple ALE element for simulating air and TNT explosive material. Numerical simulations of the blast pressure wave propagation, struc-tural dynamic responses and deformation, and progressive collapse of a five-story steel frame structure in the event of an explosion near above ground were performed. The numerical analysis showed that the Lagrangian and Eulerian coupling algorithm gave good simulations of the shock wave propagation in the mediums and blast load effects on the structure. The columns subjected to blast load may collapse by shear yielding rather than by flexural deformation. The columns and joints of steel beam to column in the front steel frame structure generated enormous plastic defor-mation subjected to intensive blast waves, and columns lost carrying capacity, subsequently lead-ing to the collapse of the whole structure. The approach coupling influence between struc-tural deformation and fluid load well simulated the progressive collapse process of structures, and provided an effective tool for analyzing the collapse mechanism of the steel frame structure under blast load.     

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response and Collapse for Steel Frame Structures Subjected to Blast Load

The progressive collapse of steel frame structures under the blast load was investigated using LS-DYNA.The multi-material Eulerian and Lagrangian coupling algorithm was adopted.A fluid-structure coupling finite element model was established which consists of Lagrange element for simulating steel frame structures and concrete ground,multiple ALE element for simulating air and TNT explosive material.Numerical simulations of the blast pressure wave propagation,structural dynamic responses and deformation,and progressive collapse of a five-story steel frame structure in the event of an explosion near above ground were performed.The numerical analysis showed that the Lagrangian and Eulerian coupling algorithm gave good simulations of the shock wave propagation in the mediums and blast load effects on the structure.The columns subjected to blast load may collapse by shear yielding rather than by flexural deformation.The columns and joints of steel beam to column in the front steel frame structure generated enormous plastic deformation subjected to intensive blast waves,and columns lost carrying capacity,subsequently leading to the collapse of the whole structure.The approach coupling influence between structural deformation and fluid load well simulated the progressive collapse process of structures,and provided an effective tool for analyzing the collapse mechanism of the steel frame structure under blast load.     

Flexural rigidity evolvement laws of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with carbon fiber laminates

Extensive research has shown that externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates are particularly suitable for improving the fatigue behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. This paper presents the research on flexural rigidity evolvement laws by testing 14 simple-supported RC beams strengthened with carbon fiber laminates (CFL) under cyclic load, and 2 under monotone load as a reference. The cyclic load tests revealed the peak load applied onto the surface of a supported RC beam strengthened with CFL is linear to the logarithm of its fatigue life, and the flexural rigidity evolvement undergoes three distinct phases: a rapid decrease from the start to about 5% of the fatigue life; an even development from 5% to about 99% of the fatigue life; and a succedent rapid decrease to failure. When the ratio of fatigue cycles to the fatigue life is within 0.05 to 0.99, the flexural rigidity varies linearly with the ratio. The peak load does not affect the flexural rigidity evolvement if it is not high enough to make the main reinforcements yield. The dependences of the flexural rigidity of specimens formed in the same group upon their fatigue cycles normalized by fatigue life are almost coincident. This implies the flexural rigidity may be a material parameter independent of the stress level. These relationships of flexural rigidity to fatigue cycles, and fatigue life may be able to provide some hints for fatigue design and fatigue life evaluation of RC member strengthened with CFL; nevertheless the findings still need verifying by more experiments.     

钢筋增强ECC梁受弯性能的试验及数值研究(英文)

为了研究钢筋增强ECC梁受弯性能,进行了钢筋增强ECC梁和普通钢筋混凝土梁受弯的对比研究.结果表明,相比普通钢筋混凝土梁,钢筋增强ECC梁的受弯承载力和延性分别提高了24.8%和187.76%,并且在梁中用ECC代替混凝土可有效延缓裂缝的发展.此外,采用简化的ECC本构模型对钢筋增强ECC及混凝土梁的受弯性能进行了非线性有限元分析,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,在服役期间钢筋增强ECC梁的裂缝可以控制在0.4 mm以下.ECC材料的使用可明显提高梁的抗弯承载力、变形能力、延性等受弯性能.     

冻融条件下补偿收缩混凝土强度劣化机理试验

冻融是混凝土结构随季节变化所必须经历的阶段,随着冻融次数的增加,混凝土的表观特征和强度将发生退变.采用冻融次数为0、30、50、70、100次,对补偿收缩混凝土进行冻融循环试验,分析补偿收缩混凝土的表面特征和强度劣化趋势,发现随着冻融次数的增加,普通混凝土与补偿收缩混凝土相比,表面破坏更严重,混凝土抗压和抗折强度呈现下降趋势.冻融100次后,普通混凝土抗压、抗折强度分别下降35.2%和44.1%,而补偿收缩混凝土抗压、抗折强度分别下降30.3%和35.3%,说明适当掺入膨胀剂对提高混凝土的抗冻性有一定的作用,有利于控制和降低混凝土冻融环境下强度的退化.     

碳纤维布与钢构套复合加固锈蚀钢筋混凝土柱抗震性能研究(英文)

为改善锈蚀钢筋混凝土柱的抗震性能, 利用碳纤维布与角钢对锈蚀柱进行复合抗震加固. 试验共对12根试件进行了低周反复加载试验, 研究参量包括钢筋锈蚀程度、轴向荷载、碳纤维布层数和角钢用量. 试验结果表明, 利用碳纤维布和角钢复合加固锈蚀柱可以显著改善锈蚀柱的承载能力、延性和耗能能力. 复合加固后, 加固柱的强度和延性与锈蚀柱相比, 可分别提高0.9倍和1倍以上. 基于试验结果, 提出了计算加固构件屈服荷载、最大荷载和位移延性系数的简化公式, 计算结果与试验结果极为吻合.     

钢筋混凝土桥梁在大气环境作用下的耐久性评估和剩余寿命预测

根据混凝土碳化及其引起的钢筋锈蚀的机理,建立了钢筋混凝土构件的劣化模型。利用Monte Carlo模拟方法分别研究了一般运营和密集运营两种荷载模型下钢筋混凝土桥梁的时变可靠性,讨论了保护层厚度、混凝土强度、钢筋锈蚀损失率对混凝土耐久性的影响。研究表明：在服役过程中,由于大气环境的作用,混凝土碳化、钢筋锈蚀、桥梁结构可靠指标不断降低,混凝土的耐久性能不断下降;混凝土保护层厚度和混凝土抗压强度对可靠度指标的影响明显,而钢筋腐蚀率的影响不是很明显。     

耐碱玻纤混凝土抗折强度测定及不确定度评定

为了测定耐碱玻璃纤维混凝土的抗折强度并分析其不确定度及纤维体积率对混凝土抗折强度的影响,选择耐碱玻璃纤维体积率为0%0,.6%,0.8%,1.0%的100 mm×100 mm×400 mm混凝土抗折试件进行试验。试验在MTS810材料试验机上进行,通过三分点加载测定其抗折强度,分析混凝土抗折强度试验中影响试验结果不确定的因素和来源,并按照JJF 1059-1999标准的要求,对合理玻璃纤维掺量试件的抗折强度的不确定度进行分析和评定。结果表明:耐碱玻璃纤维的掺入改变了混凝土抗折破坏形式,不同纤维体积率的混凝土抗折强度较普通混凝土依次提高了18.87%,21.64%,23.24%。综合考虑各方面因素确定耐碱玻璃纤维混凝土合理玻璃纤维掺量为0.6%;通过对试件抗折强度测定的不确定度评定,表明数学模型中自由度及测量的重复性是引入测量结果不确定度的主要因素;建议在进行同类试验时,试件尺寸应尽量大,从而可增大跨距,以减小剪力对测量结果的影响。     

FRP加固RC圆柱正截面受弯承载力计算（英文）

运用数值计算方法对FRP加固钢筋混凝土（RC）圆柱截面特性进行计算,发现截面破坏时受压区高度主要受轴压比、FRP约束强度比和纵筋配筋特征值3个主要参数影响.根据数值计算的结果进行回归,提出了受压区对应圆心角θ的计算方法.数值计算结果显示,横向约束导致的混凝土应力提高以及纵筋屈服后的强化效应使RC柱破坏时截面受弯承载力远大于规范规定值.根据理论分析和36个大比例试件实测结果提出截面破坏时受弯承载力计算方法,计算结果与试验结果吻合很好.最后,对一个典型柱变形能力进行参数分析,研究轴压比,纵筋配筋特征值和FRP约束强度比对正截面变弯承载力的影响.结果显示FRP加固圆柱破坏时受弯承载力可以比规范规定的未加固柱受弯承载力提高50%左右.     

玻璃纤维布加固的钢筋混凝土梁试验研究与抗弯承载力计算

对9根玻璃纤维布加固的钢筋混凝土梁和3根对比梁进行了抗弯性能试验研究. 试验中考虑了配筋率、加固量、剪跨比与混凝土强度等级4个参数. 试验结果表明, 经玻璃纤维布加固的钢筋混凝土梁抗弯承载力有显著提高; 混凝土强度、配筋率、加固量对极限荷载有显著影响; 剪跨比对加固梁的破坏形态有影响. 根据不同的破坏模式, 提出了抗弯承载力计算方法.     

Model Experiment on Integral Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frame with Split Columns

Based on a series of previous studies, an experiment on the integral seismic behavior of a 1/3 scaled model of two-bay and three-story reinforced concrete frame with split columns at lower two stories is performed under cyclic loading. The original columns at lower two stories of the model frame are short columns and they are replaced by the split columns. The hysteresis curves between the horizontal cyclic load and the lateral displacement at the top of the model frame, indicate that under the cyclic loading, the model frame undergoes the process of cracking, yielding, and maxi-mum loading before being destroyed at the ultimate load. They also indicate that the model frame has better ductility, and the ratio of the ultimate displacement to the yielding displacement, reaches 6.0. The yielding process of the model frame shows that for the frame with split columns, plastic hinges are generated at the ends of beams and then the columns begin yielding while the frame still possesses the bearing and deformation capacity. The design idea of directly changing the short col-umn to long one in the reinforced concrete frame may be realized by replacing the short column with the split one.     

Flexural Capacity Formula of Diaphragm-Through Joints of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns

Finite element analysis and parametric studies were performed to investigate the flexural capacity of the panel zone of diaphragm-through joints between concretefilled square steel tubular columns and H-shaped steel beams.Through the comparisons of failure modes,load–displacement curves,and bearing capacity,it was found that the flexural capacity of the panel zone of diaphragmthrough joints was determined by the tensile action and influence of the web of H-shaped steel beams,and the axial load should be taken into account.The steel tube and the diaphragm were the major parts of the joint that resisted the bending moment.The contribution of in-filled concrete had little influence on the flexural capacity of the panel zone of the joint and could be neglected.According to the results of these numerical studies,a formula that considered the influence of the web of H-shaped steel beams and the axial load was developed based on the yield lines in the diaphragm and the steel tube.The results of the proposed formula were in good agreement with the numerical data of this investigation.     

Numerical simulation on dynamic bending strength of three-graded concrete beam based on meso-mechanics

To study the bending strength of mass concrete under dynamic loading, the pure bending zone of three-graded concrete beam is considered as a three-phase composite composed of matrix, aggregate and interface between them on meso-level. Dynamic constitutive model considering strain-rate strengthening effect and damage softening effect is adopted to describe the cocrete and meso-element's damage. The failure mechanisms of beam under impact loading, triagle wave load, dynamic load coupling with initial static loading were simulated by using displacement-controlled FEM. Furthermore, stress-strain curve of the specimens and their dynamic bending strength were obtained. The results obtained from numerical simulation agreed well with experimental data.     

Seismic behavior of steel reinforced ultra high strength concrete column and reinforced concrete beam connection

To investigate the seismic behavior of connections composed of steel reinforced ultra high strength concrete （SRUHSC） column and reinforced concrete （RC） beam, six interior strong-column-weak-beam connection specimens were tested subjected to reversal cyclic load. Effects of applied axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio on ductility, energy dissipation capacity, strength degradation and rigidity degradation were discussed. It was found that all connection specimens failed in bending in a ductile manner with a beam plastic hinge. The ductility and energy dissipation capacity increased with the decrease of applied axial load ratio or increase of volumetric stirrup ratio. The displacement ductility coefficient and equivalent damping coefficient lay between those of steel reinforced ordinary concrete connection and those of reinforced concrete connection. The applied axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio had less influence on the strength degradation and more influence on the stiffness degradation. The stiffness degraded sharply with the decrease of volumetric stirrup ratio or increase of applied axial load ratio. The experimental results indicate that SRUHSC column and RC beam connection exhibited better seismic performance and can provide reference for engineering application.     

二次受力下碳纤维布加固梁抗弯性能试验研究

进行了4根不同二次受力条件下碳纤维布加固的钢筋混凝土梁和1根对比混凝土梁的抗弯性能试验研究。试验及分析结果表明,用粘贴碳纤维布的方法来提高梁的承载力十分有效,且预加载的存在使加固梁的极限荷载降低;碳纤维布能有效约束裂缝的开展,但裂缝的数量增加和分布区域变大,且预加载的大小会影响加固梁裂缝的开展和分布;碳纤维布加固可以增强梁的刚度,但延性有所降低。     

Shear behavior of novel prestressed concrete beam subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading

Prestressed steel ultrahigh-strength reinforced concrete (PSURC) beam is a new type of prestressed concrete beam, which not only has a considerable compressive strength attributed to the ultrahigh strength concrete, but also ensures a certain degree of ductility at failure due to the existence of structural steel. Five of these beams were monotonically tested until shear failure to investigate the static shear performance including the failure pattern, load-deflection behavior, shear capacity, shear crack width and shear ductility. The experimental results show that these beams have superior shear capacity, crack control ability and shear ductility. To study the shear performance under repeated overloading, seven PSURC beams were loaded in cyclic test simultaneously. The overall shear performance of cycled beams is similar to that of uncycled beams at low load level but different at high load level. The shear capacity and crack control ability of cycled beams at high load level are reduced, whereas the shear ductility is improved. In addition, the influences of variables including the degree of prestress, stirrup ratio and load level on the shear performance of both uncycled and cycled beams were also discussed and compared, respectively.     

机械力化学作用对花岗岩石粉活性的影响

基于机械力化学作用原理,采用高速球磨法提高花岗岩石粉的胶凝活性。研究活化石粉掺量对胶砂抗压强度、折压比和干燥收缩性能的影响规律,结合XRD、SEM、MIP 等微观试验,揭示活化石粉的作用机理。试验结果表明:花岗岩石粉活性指数可从0.55 提升至0.73,活化石粉替代20%~30%水泥用量的胶砂强度28 d 抗压强度达30 MPa 左右,折压比提高约30%,干燥收缩降低约60%。     

再生混凝土试验研究

采用正交设计方法对再生混凝土(RC)的配合比进行分析,探讨水胶比、再生骨料掺量以及超细粉煤灰 (UFA)掺量等因素对再生混凝土强度的影响规律．结合高性能混凝土技术并优化了混凝土配合比设计参数,再生骨料掺量90％,可配制出和易性优良,3d抗折强度大于3．0 MPa,28 d抗折强度大于5．0 MPa的再生混凝土, 均能满足重交通和特重交通开放交通的要求．试验结果表明:随着再生骨料掺量的增加,再生混凝土的拉压比和折压比在后期均有提高,韧性改善,同时,采用多元回归分析的方法,建立了再生混凝土强度与胶水比、再生骨料掺量以及UFA掺量的经验公式,相关性高,为再生混凝土的配制技术提供了初步的理论基础．     

One and two dimensional chloride ion diffusion of fly ash concrete under flexural stress

A preloading frame is firstly designed to accurately apply external flexural stress to concrete specimens. Then a method is developed to measure one and two dimensional (1D and 2D) chloride ion concentrations at different distances from the surface of concrete under flexural stress. Using this method and the preloading frame, 1D and 2D stress-diffusion is systematically investigated for fly ash concretes made with different fly ash contents (0%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 60%), and water to binder ratios (0.3, 0.35, and 0.4). The stress accelerating effect on 1D and 2D chloride ion diffusion is also quantitatively analyzed through a comparison between stress-diffusion and nonstress-diffusion. A diffusion accelerating effect caused by external flexural stress can clearly be observed through the comparison. In order to quantify the stress accelerating effect, a stress accelerating factor is proposed in this paper. The relationship between stress accelerating factor and external stress-to-ultimate stress ratio is given as an exponential function. Finally, the process of the initiation, prorogation, and distribution of microcracks on the tensile face of specimen is observed in-situ by using a small-sized loading frame and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The above research provides an insight into chloride attack on the edge reinforcing bars of concrete structures under flexural stress, such as large-span beam and board in the field of civil engineering.