中国叶下珠亚科植物资料

The present paper is part of taxonomic study on Chinese Phyllanthoideae. Inclu- ded in it are two new varieties, Leptopus esquirolii var. villosus and Drypetes hainanensis var. longistipitata, one new combination, Glochidion triandrum var. siamense, and seven new re- cords in China: Drypetes salicifolia, D. hoaensis. Actephila subsessilis, Glochidion khasicum, G. nubigennum, Bridelia spiosa and B. poilanei.  In addition, seventeen taxon names are new- ly reduced: Liodendron formosanum = Drypetes formosana, Liodendron matsumurae = Dry- petes matsumurae, D. longipes = D. indica, Antidesma paxii = A. acidum, A. hiiranense, A. filipes and A. pentandrum var. hiiranense = A. japonicum, A. calvescens = A. montanum, A. microphyllum = A. venosum, Breynia stipitata var.  formosana and B. jormosana  =  B. vitis-idaea, Glochidion zeylanicum var. tomentosum = G. hirsutum, G. rubidulum = G. thom- sonii, G. acuminatum = G. triandrum, G. fagifolium and Phyllanthus fagifolius = Gloc- hidion sphaerogynum, Bridelia penangiena = B. insulana, B. henryana = B. tomentosa.  All the types are kept in SCBl and PE.     

国产甘草属植物的核型研究

本文对国产7种甘草属植物的核型进行了研究，其结果为：乌拉尔甘草2n＝16＝   6m+10sm；黄甘草2n＝16=8m+6sm十2st；光果甘草2n＝16=14m+2sm；胀果甘   草2n＝16＝6m十10sm；粗毛甘草2n=16=12m十4sm；云南甘草20＝16=12m十   4sm；刺果甘草2n＝16＝12m十4sm。基于对现有资料的分析，确认该属的染色体基数为   x=8，  且核型对称性程度较高。  通过对不同种核型进行比较，发现刺果甘草是本文所研究   7个种中最原始的，而黄甘草的进化程度相对较高。     

国产芸香科九里香属化学分类

九里香是芸香科的一个小属，主要分布于我国南部及中南半岛，少数个别品种向西南   延伸至印度和斯里兰卡及向东南伸展至澳洲东北部。  我国境内共有8种和1亚种。  九里香   属植物含丰富的生物碱和香豆精，其中包括不少生物活性成分，民间亦每每选用该属植物作传   统草药。最近又从千里香的根部分离得一种新的双吲哚生物碱，命名为月橘烯碱; 该成分有强   效的抗着床活性，对计划生育有重大意义。在发掘月橘烯碱的自然资源的研究过程中，作者分   析了国产的8种九里香属植物，发现该属植物可以划分为两组，即九里香组和棕茎组。九里香   组之成员跟棕茎组的在形态上有明显分别，而且前者之根部含抗着床成分月橘烯碱和8-戊烯   化香豆精，但后者之根部则含咔巴唑生物碱。初步分析了澳洲的卵叶九里香和泰国的暹罗九  里香，其形态及化学成分亦支持将该属分为两组。作者据此发表新组合。     

中国新发现的几种红藻(Ⅱ)

在研究我国产的杉藻目和红皮藻目的种类过程中,发现属于这两个目的4个新种,它们是西沙腹 根藻Tenaciphyllum xishaense Xia et Wang,网状隐蜘藻Cryptarachne reticulata Xia et Wang,西沙网囊藻Fau-chea xishaensis Xia et Wang和海南红皮藻Rhodymenia hainanensis Xia et Wang。     

菊科福王草属的分类界限及中国菊科植物一新属——紫菊属

After having examined all specimens of the genus Prenanthes L. of Compositae in the Herbarium of Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, I find that the classic concept on the genus Prenanthes established by G. Bentham in 1873 has not been held exactly by some of Euro- pean, American, Japanese and Chinese botanists. For example, W. B. Hemsley, S. T. Dunn, A. Franchet, S. Kitamura and C. C. Chang placed plants from China which belong to other groups into the genus; I also find that the classic concept of the genus is not clear.  The present paper makes a revision not only on the classic concept of the genus, but also on its concept assumed by the above-mentionded botanists.      With the combination of numerous (25-35), white or yellow ligular florets, numerous ribs of achenes, Prenanthes alba L. (Nabalus albus (L.) Shih, comb. nov.) is distinctly different from Prenanthes purpurea L., which has the combination of purple, few (5-15) ligular flo- rests and few ribs of achenes.  Nabalus Cass., as a genus established early (1825) by H. Cassini, should be restored.  It is not reasonable to treat Nabalus as a subgenus (E. B. Babcock et al. 1947) or a section (S. Kitamura, 1956) or as a synonym (G. Bentham, 1983) of the genus Preanathes L.       The present author recognizes seven species in the new revised genus  Prenanthes L.  in China, 4 of which are described as new.  In the genus Nabalus Cass.  only one species, N. ochroleuca Maxim., is distributed in Northeast China.       As Lactuca melanantha Franch. (1895), Prenanthes henryi Dunn (1903), P. glandulosa Dunn (1903), Lactuca triflora Hemsl. (1888) (it was transferred to Prenanthes L. by C. C. Chang in 1934), Prenanthes formosana Kitam. (1934) and P. wilsoni Chang (1934) all have campanulate involucres, purple phyllaries, purple dorsi-ventrally compressed achenes, longitu- dinal rids 6-9 on each side of achene truncate and beakless at its apex and pilose tubes of co- rollae, they should be placed neither into the genus Prenanthes with obtusely tri-or pentagonous, subterete achenes and glabrous tubes of corollae, nor into the genus Lactuca with beak achenes. Besides the above-mentioned species misnamed by some of foreign and Chinese botanists, 6 other species also have the same structure in achenes and corollae.  Evidently, they fall into a new genus with the name Notoseris Shih.       The new genus Notoseris Shih of the tribe Lactuceae of Compositae seems to be more re- miniscent of Lactuca L. than of Prenanthes L. emend.       All the 12 species of the genus Notoseris Shih are endemic to China and distributed in the area of south of Yantze River. Of them 6 are new combinations and 6 are described as new.     

草豆蔻传粉生物学的研究

比较研究了花柱卷曲性植物草豆蔻 Alpinia hainanensis两种表型(上举型和下垂型)的传粉生物学特性。结果表明:草豆蔻的花柱卷曲运动节律与其他已报道的山姜属Alpinia植物基本一致,而下垂型花的花柱卷曲运动明显滞后于上举型花约2 h。草豆蔻的花柱卷曲运动中存在一些不同步的现象,甚至在同一花序上的两朵花的花柱运动节律亦会表现出不一致的现象,但上举型花的花药开裂时间却严格同步,都发生在同类型个体的柱头全部位于花药上方之后进行。草豆蔻上举型花的花蜜分泌量、单花花粉量、花粉/胚珠比率(P/O)均明显比下垂型花多,而两种表型的胚珠数、花蜜糖含量、氨基酸含量无显著差异。在草豆蔻的单花期内不同时间段进行人工授粉,上举型花在其柱头位于花药下方时进行人工授粉,其结实率明显比柱头位于花药上方时人工授粉的处理高,下垂型花则没有显著差异。在自然居群中,草豆蔻的主要传粉者是无垫蜂Ameglla sp.和两种木蜂Xylocopa sp.,但存在传粉者不足而影响结实率的现象。完全套袋、去雄和去雌(去柱头)处理的均不结实,表明草豆蔻中不存在无融合生殖、主动自花授粉和滞后自交的生殖保障现象。而人工自交和异交均具有较高的结实率,表明草豆蔻为自交亲和植物。草豆蔻的繁育系统是具花柱卷曲性运动的异花授粉的交配系统。     

草豆蔻传粉生物学的研究

比较研究了花柱卷曲性植物草豆蔻 Alpinia hainanensis两种表型(上举型和下垂型)的传粉生物学特性。结果表明:草豆蔻的花柱卷曲运动节律与其他已报道的山姜属Alpinia植物基本一致,而下垂型花的花柱卷曲运动明显滞后于上举型花约2 h。草豆蔻的花柱卷曲运动中存在一些不同步的现象,甚至在同一花序上的两朵花的花柱运动节律亦会表现出不一致的现象,但上举型花的花药开裂时间却严格同步,都发生在同类型个体的柱头全部位于花药上方之后进行。草豆蔻上举型花的花蜜分泌量、单花花粉量、花粉/胚珠比率(P/O)均明显比下垂型花多,而两种表型的胚珠数、花蜜糖含量、氨基酸含量无显著差异。在草豆蔻的单花期内不同时间段进行人工授粉,上举型花在其柱头位于花药下方时进行人工授粉,其结实率明显比柱头位于花药上方时人工授粉的处理高,下垂型花则没有显著差异。在自然居群中,草豆蔻的主要传粉者是无垫蜂Ameglla sp.和两种木蜂Xylocopa sp.,但存在传粉者不足而影响结实率的现象。完全套袋、去雄和去雌(去柱头)处理的均不结实,表明草豆蔻中不存在无融合生殖、主动自花授粉和滞后自交的生殖保障现象。而人工自交和异交均具有较高的结实率,表明草豆蔻为自交亲和植物。草豆蔻的繁育系统是具花柱卷曲性运动的异花授粉的交配系统。     

Microbial transformation of ginsenosides extracted from Panax ginseng adventitious roots in an airlift bioreactor

BackgroundGinsenoside is the most important secondary metabolite in ginseng. Natural sources of wild ginseng have been overexploited. Although root culture can reduce the length of the growth cycle of ginseng, the number of species of ginsenosides is reduced and their contents are lower in the adventitious roots of ginseng than in the roots of ginseng cultivated in the field.ResultsIn this study, 147 strains of β-glucosidase-producing microorganisms were isolated from soil. Of these, strain K35 showed excellent activity for converting major ginsenosides into rare ginsenosides, and a NCBI BLAST of its 16S rDNA gene sequence showed that it was most closely related to Penicillium sp. (HQ608083.1). Strain K35 was used to ferment the adventitious root extract, and the fermentation products were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the content of the rare ginsenoside CK was 0.253 mg mL^-1 under the optimal converting conditions of 9 d of fermentation at pH 7.0 in LL medium, which was significantly higher than that in the adventitious roots of ginseng.ConclusionThese findings may not only solve the problem of low productivity of metabolite in ginseng root culture but may also result in the development of a new valuable method of manufacturing ginsenoside CK.     

中国新发现的几种红藻(Ⅰ)

在研究我国产的伊谷藻目Ahnfeltiales和杉藻目Gigartinales的种类过程中,发现了属于这2个目的4个新种,即莺歌海伊谷藻Ahnfeltia yinggehaiensis Xia et zhang ,广东拟伊藻Ahnfeltiopsis guangdongensis Xia et zhang,海南拟伊藻Ahnfeltiopsis hainanensis Xia et zhang和马氏拟伊藻Ahnfeltiopsis masudai Xia et zhang。