Soziale Integration durch Sport?

In this study the relationship between physical activity and different dimensions of social integration (number of friends, frequency of contact to friends, number of social contexts the individual is taking part in) is analysed using the data of the Partnermarktsurvey 2009. The concept of opportunities for interaction in foci of activity (here physical activity) is used as the theoretical framework. It can be shown that physical activity has an effect on the social integration of individuals: People who engage in physical activity have more friends, meet them more often and are integrated in more social contexts than people who are not physically active. Differences in social integration even exist among physically active people depending on the kind of sport activity and its form of organisation. Further the setting of the sport activity seems to be of importance. Finally it is recommended that longitudinal data used to investigate the exact causal effect of physical activity on social integration.     

Just for Sport!? Sport,Gambling and Politics in Israel

By adopting a developmental approach, this essay describes and analyses the key processes that led to the establishment and institutionalization of sports gambling in Israel. The socio-historic examination of these processes (1951–1971) suggests that sports gambling in Israel was primarily designed to satisfy a convergence of political interests among governmental decision-makers, leaders of sports institutions and powerful private entrepreneurs.     

Disentangling Race: Re-Narrating Apartheid Sport?

Abstract

This paper involves a search for interracial entanglements in South African sport and considers how these experiences may be narrated. The paper comprises three sections. The first provides an overview of traditional narratives of apartheid and apartheid sport that focus on race as a perpetual marker of social division. The second section shifts attention to the gaps, blind spots, mistakes, paradoxes, ironies, anomalies, ambiguities and invisibilities in the structures of apartheid that allowed for racial encounters and entanglements. The paper concludes with a discussion about the methodological and political implications of incorporating racial entanglements into narratives of apartheid sport.     

Was macht den Sport zum Mediensport?

The popularity of sports varies to different extents around the world and leads to the question: what is a media sport? This contribution discusses definitional principles with the goal of using a model to establish the basis of categorization for future empirical analysis of diverse sports types. Media sports are defined as characteristic of movement structures in the culturally differentiated media sports complex. Features of media sports are distinguished according to the dimensions of context, organization, and (interactive) structure. It becomes clear that media sports types are not only characterized by cultural grounding, success, and charismatic stars, but can also exhibit structural distinctions. In conclusion, real, media-driven, and medial media sports are differentiated to demonstrate application of the model.     

Sport考论

从语言学和历史学的角度,按照英语史和英国史的基本脉络,根据英语历史文献,考证和论述sport的词源、本义、词义发展,考察sport词义发展的社会历史背景,为"什么是sport"提供一种历史解答.     

Sport to the Rescue of the Suburbs: Sport to Educate? Sport to Reassure? When Politicians Respond to the Signs of Disturbance of Law and Order

Since the beginning of the 1980s, sport has appeared to be the last recourse against the worsening of living conditions, lack of job security and the ghettoisation of certain boroughs that stand out mostly because of continuing urban riots and juvenile violence. All of this is continually exaggerated by the media and politicians in their continual desire to dramatise and exaggerate. Certain sub-issues immediately emerge: what are the theoretical or ideological foundations on which this concept of making sport a lever for preventive policies is based? And what sport are we talking about? Is it the physical activities and sport (PAS) practised in the schools and institutes, civil sport or sport in the streets? Why do young people increasingly abandon civil/federated sport to practise ‘adventure sports’ or self-organised sports? Can self-organised sports and, more precisely, sport played outside the tower blocks favour the ‘self-control of impulses’? And if they can, under what conditions can they favour socialisation and contribute to preventing vandalism or violent acts? If it must be admitted that the links between sport and education, sport and prevention, sport and insertion, etc., are considered to be self-evident, they are rarely analysed or questioned.     

关于Sport界定

客观事物的发展必然导致人们将对其内涵和外延进行再界定。这是理解事物的必然过程。关于英文“Sport”一词,长期以来国际国内对其含义都有不同的理解和认识,近年来争议更多。最近从美国克莱拉多大学柯克莱博士的《Sport in society》一书中读到他对Sport所作的界定比较明确。现摘译于下,以供讨论参考。     

How Should We Measure Psychological Resilience in Sport Performers?

Psychological resilience is important in sport because athletes must constantly withstand a wide range of pressures to attain and sustain high performance. To advance psychologists’ understanding of this area, there exists an urgent need to develop a sport-specific measure of resilience. The purpose of this article is to review psychometric issues in resilience research and to discuss the implications for sport psychology. Drawing on the wider general psychology literature to inform the discussion, the narrative is divided into three main sections relating to resilience and its assessment: adversity, positive adaptation, and protective factors. The first section reviews the different ways that adversity has been measured and considers the potential problems of using items with varying degrees of controllability and risk. The second section discusses the different approaches to assessing positive adaptation and examines the issue of circularity pervasive in resilience research. The final section explores the various issues related to the assessment of protective factors drawing directly from current measures of resilience in other psychology sub-disciplines. The commentary concludes with key recommendations for sport psychology researchers seeking to develop a measure of psychological resilience in athletes.     

Sportökonomie und Sportmanagement zwischen Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Sportwissenschaft?

Discussions about the relationship of sports science to each of its disciplines can be traced back to the years of establishment of sports science. For the comparably young discipline of sports economics these considerations are currently still lacking. Historically, besides applying economic approaches to sports one can also identify non-economic traditions of dealing with economic phenomena in sports. Within both lines of tradition different terms for the phenomena to be examined are used. Reflecting the development of these two lines of tradition of sports economics with respect to the established philosophical positions of Popper’s falsificationism, to Kuhn’s paradigmatic development as a consequence of normal science and scientific revolution, as well as to Lakatos’ methodology of scientific research programs, a number of implications arise for the development status of sports economics as an economic discipline both for its position in relation to sports science and economic science and regarding developments of further theories.     

Sport für alle, Sport für manche

The article analyses relations between changing notions of sports and social stratification in sport activities. Current empirical research indicates an increased participation of formerly underrepresented groups, especially women and older people. However, the results of a study show that this is not the case in the traditional contest-orientated model of sports which is still structured by typical differences of age and gender. Furthermore, the traditional notion of sports as a contest is especially pronounced in the less active, lower social strata. A polarity between a rather open “sport for all” and a partly exclusive, traditional, contest-orientated model of sports becomes apparent. As a consequence, research on social stratification in sports should focus on qualitative differences in sports activity.     

Sport als Medium zur sozialen Integration neuer Mitarbeiter in Betrieben?

It has been determined that businesses can influence organizational socialization of new employees by specific proactive measures (Hsiung & Hsieh, 2003). Social activities among peers such as sports participation have proven to be particularly worthwhile (Kim, Cable & Kim, 2005). Although it is indisputable that organized sports provide considerable opportunities for integration (Rittner & Breuer, 2004), this potential social integrative effect in the company setting has not yet been systematically investigated. Analysis of the literature showed that occupational and organizational psychology dealt resolutely with the theory of organizational socialization, but neglected to consider empirically the social integrative effect of physical activity programs. The field of sports science on the other hand has a general knowledge of sports and integration, but so far has not addressed this topic with respect to companies either from a theoretical or from an empirical point of view. With this in mind, potential research projects are suggested and discussed.