十周不同组数的杠铃负重蹲起练习后最大力量和无氧耐力变化的对比研究

目的:比较10周不同组数的杠铃负重练习分别对最大力量和无氧耐力的影响,分析不同负荷量的力量训练计划的效果.方法:22名无训练经历的青年男性受试者随机分为3组,均采用80%1RM重量,分别进行8次×1组练习动作、8次x3组练习动作和8次x6组练习动作的负重蹲起训练,每周训练2次,共训练10周,于训练开始前、训练4周、7周、10周共进行4次1RM和标准Wingate测试,比较其差异.结果:不同练习组数的受试者,训练后1RM值和Wingate测试的峰功率及平均功率比训练前均显著增强,但各组之间,其差异不具有显著性意义.结论:无训练经历者在10周期间进行负重重量相同的下肢力量练习,每次多组重复者与每次进行1组练习者相比,最大力量及无氧耐力的增强并未表现出更显著效果.     

振动训练对速滑运动员下肢肌力影响的实验研究

将振动训练运用在速滑运动员力量训练中,经过8周训练后观察训练效果,以探讨振动训练对速滑运动员下肢力量的改善效应。将16名吉林省速滑队女运动员分为两组,分别采用常规力量训练与常规训练和振动训练相结合的方式训练。实验结果表明:8周振动频率为30Hz,振幅为2mm的振动训练与常规力量训练相结合,能够有效地提高速滑运动员力量的训练效果。尽管8周振动力量训练对提高速滑运动员下肢肌群的最大力量无明显优势,但能显著性提高下肢肌群爆发力与耐力水平,同时能够有效提高速滑运动员的下蹲跳成绩。     

短期耐力,力量性耐力训练对AT影响的研究

为了探讨同属有氧训练的短期耐力和力量性耐力训练对AT的影响,分别在训练前、训练6周后和训练8周后测试了20名男大学生的AT。结果发现：耐力训练6周后AT就有显著性提高,而力量性耐力训练8周后AT才有显著性提高。提示短期耐力训练和力量性耐力训练都能提高AT,但存在一个不同的训练时间阈值。     

力量训练对抑郁女大学生抑郁状态、 单胺递质水平的影响

为探讨力量训练对于抑郁女大学生抑郁状态、单胺递质和体质状况的影响,将30名轻度到中度抑郁的女大学生分为两组：抑郁运动组15名（进行8周,每周3次,强度为50％～70％最大负荷的力量训练）和抑郁对照组15名。另外选取15名正常无抑郁的女大学生为正常对照组。分别于实验前后测量受试者的抑郁状态,5-HT、NE、皮质醇水平,体成分,握力和下肢蹬伸爆发力。8周力量训练后,抑郁运动组的CES—D量表评分下降,抑郁症状减轻。抑郁患者血浆5-HT、NE水平低于正常人,皮质醇水平高于正常人。经过8周力量训练后,抑郁患者血浆5-HT、NE水平上升,皮质醇水平下降;体脂百分比下降,瘦体重、握力、下肢蹬伸爆发力增加。抑郁可能与5-HT、NE的下降,皮质醇的升高有关。8周的力量训练可以有效地改善抑郁患者的体成分、力量和心理健康。     

减量训练后CMJ动作形式蹬伸力量的动力学分析

目的探讨6周快速力量训练后减量训练3周人体下肢CMJ蹬伸力量素质变化规律。方法将31名大二男生力量训练6周后,随机分为降低训练强度(RTI)组、减少训练频率(RTF)组和减短训练持续时间(RTD)组,进行为期3周的减量训练。在训练6周后及减量每周后,测量大小腿皮褶厚度、原地纵跳值和Kistler三维纵跳曲线。结果经过6周的快速力量训练,蹬伸力量的各动力学指标值增加(P<0.05),大小腿部皮褶厚度减小(P<0.05),原地纵跳提升(P<0.01);减量1周时各组下肢蹬伸力量指标值均出现超量恢复;减量2～3周时不同减量方式其蹬伸力量变化出现差异:RTF组和RTD组与训练6周后的各指标值基本一致,差异不显著,而RTI组比训练6周后的各指标值下降显著(P<0.01),接近参加训练前的水平。结论训练的良好效果RTF组和RTD组在减量训练3周内能够维持,RTI组则在2～3周内明显衰退,因此合理安排减量训练,有助于身体机能的超量恢复及延缓力量素质的下降。     

功能性与传统力量训练的训练效果比较研究——基于下肢运动生物力学、FMS和运动能力测试

该研究对40名自愿参与的男性大学生施加8周的功能性力量和传统力量训练,以期通过基于下肢运动生物力学、FMS和运动能力测试,探究功能性力量与传统力量的训练效果,进而为大学生进行功能性和传统力量训练提供理论依据与参考建议。研究分为实验组和对照组,对实验组进行了8周的功能性力量训练,对照组进行了8周的传统抗阻力量训练,并在训练前后分别进行了下肢内外翻力矩、FMS和运动能力测试。研究结论：（1）持续8周的功能性力量训练可以显著提高大学生的功能动作质量（FMS）,但与传统力量训练相比,并没有对功能动作质量的提高带来更显著的效果;然而对下肢运动生物力学的影响要显著优于传统力量训练。（2）持续8周的功能性力量训练与传统力量训练相比,更能提高大学生的速度能力、协调能力以及灵敏素质,然而其对下肢的弹跳能力的影响却远不如传统力量训练,弹跳能力仍需要进行大的抗阻力量训练才能得到显著提高。（3）功能性力量训练不能替代传统力量训练对于肌肉的力量、爆发力以及平衡能力的影响,因此,在力量训练时,应当考虑传统抗阻力量训练和功能性力量训练对运动能力的不同影响,有选择地进行训练。     

星形偏移平衡测试在评价优秀蹼泳运动员核心训练效果中的应用

通过采用8点星形偏移平衡测试来评价核心训练对优秀蹼泳运动员动态平衡能力的作用。以国家蹼泳队24名优秀蹼泳运动员为研究对象,随机分为两组:核心训练组和传统训练组。对两组进行为期8周,每周4次,每次50min的运动训练,核心训练组进行以S-E-T悬吊训练为主,瑞士球和其他垫上训练为辅的核心训练,传统训练组进行"V"字起等传统的蹼泳腰腹训练。在8周的实验前后进行SEBT测试,检验受试者动态平衡稳定能力的变化。研究结果表明,相较于传统蹼泳腰腹训练,8周的核心训练更能显著提高优秀蹼泳运动员的前庭觉、躯体感觉、视觉、中枢神经系统的调控、肌肉力量、抗外部干扰、行动的敏捷等之间的协调能力,从而提高了机体的平衡稳定能力,具有传统力量训练不可比拟的优势。动态的星形偏移平衡测试能较全面地反映机体对神经肌肉的控制能力、下肢力量、身体活动范围。     

优秀中长距离自行车运动员4周高原训练 的机能监控

摘要：目的：旨在观察不同训练目的的4周高原训练对不同水平优秀自行车运动员身体机能的影响。方法：对8名优秀男子中长距离自行车运动员进行4周高原训练,内容包括公路专项力量、速度和公路有氧耐力,健将级组（c1）组以专项训练为主,一级组（C2）组以有氧耐力训练为主。每天监测晨脉;分别在高原训练2、3、4周和下高原1周后测试血常规;分别在大负荷训练后、休息后和下高原后2周测试血尿素（BU）、肌酸激酶（CK）;分别在高原训练前后测试身体成分。结果：两组晨脉均随运动负荷的变化而变化,并表现出高原训练早期升高后期下降的变化趋势;两组白细胞（WBC）和淋巴细胞（LY）均在高原训练期间有所降低,结束1周后回升,C1组变化幅度更大;两组血红蛋白（Hb）和红细胞压积（Hct）均在4周高原训练期间持续升高,并维持到结束后1周;C1组BU和CK变化与训练负荷相一致;高原训练后,C1组脂肪和C2组骨骼肌质量分别降低4．5％和3.9%.结论：自行车运动员身体机能对高原训练的适应性变化会受到高原训练经历和运动训练水平的影响。     

组合模式训练对男子排球运动员不同肌群力量的影响

目的:观察不同强度的超等长跳跃和负重组合模式训练对男子排球运动员不同肌肉群力量发展情况。方法:16名男子排球运动员随机分为实验组和对照组,分别进行六周的组合模式训练和基础训练,最后测定两组力量指标,并统计比较分析。结论:此组合模式训练优于传统基础训练模式,尤其对小腿力量发展更显著。     

交变负荷训练法对肌肉力量训练效果影响的实验研究

目的:采用自制振动台为干预手段,对下肢肌肉进行力量交变负荷力量训练,研究交变负荷力量训练对肌肉力量增长效果的影响。方法:将上海体育学院体育教育专业男子跳远运动员10名,随机分为“交变负荷训练组”和“传统力量训练组”,两组共接受8周训练,每周3次,实验前后一周内利用测力台和B iodex对原地纵跳能力和下肢三大关节屈伸肌肌群的一般、快速力量和缓冲力等指标进行测定。结果:振动刺激训练能够有效地提高受试者的原地纵跳能力,下肢三大关节屈伸肌肌群的一般、快速力量和缓冲能力,组间比较具有显著性差异。结论:交变负荷力量训练法能有效地提高肌肉力量训练的效果。     

Aerobic training alone or combined with strength training affects fitness in elderly: Randomized trial

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate if combined strength and aerobic training can enhance aerobic capacity in the elderly to a similar extent as aerobic training alone when training duration is matched. Methods: Elderly men and women (age 63.2?±?4.7) were randomized into two intervention groups: an aerobic group (AG, n?=?17) and a combined group (CG, n?=?16). Subjects trained 40?minutes three times a week for 12 weeks. Both groups trained 20 minutes at 65% of heart rate reserve on ergometer cycles followed by another 20 minutes on the ergometer cycles for AG and 20-minute strength training for the lower body for CG. The primary outcome was VO₂max. Secondary outcomes were maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in isometric knee extension, 1 repetition maximum in three leg exercises, body fat, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure and score on the Health Survey Short Form 36 (SF-36). Results: Both groups improved VO₂max (p?<?.01) and MVC (p?<?.001). VO₂max increased 17% confidence interval (CI) [7.4–26] in CG and 26% CI [14.1–38.2] in AG, with no significant difference between groups. MVC increased 22% CI [16.3–27.7] in CG and 9% CI [4.6–13.5] in AG with CG improving MVC more than AG (p?<?.01). CG's score on the general health dimension on the SF-36 health survey improved more than AG's score. Conclusion: Elderly can substitute a part of their aerobic training with strength training and still improve VO₂max to a clinically significant degree when strength training is performed with large muscle groups subsequently to the aerobic training. Combined training additionally improves strength and self-assessed general health more than aerobic training alone.     

职业男子篮球队力量素质训练实验研究——以浙江广厦男篮为例

研究对职业男子篮球运动员实施专项力量训练计划前后进行测试,探讨八周专项力量训练对力量素质的影响。结果表明:研究所采用的力量训练方法在提高职业男子篮球运动员力量素质方面相对于传统的力量训练方法更为科学合理,是一种安全有效的训练方法。此力量训练方法在提高上下肢最大力量、快速力量以及腰腹背肌耐力方面效果尤为显著。根据篮球运动员不同位置所制定的力量训练方法,更有利于运动员在比赛场上所需特点的发展,促使不同位置运动员内在潜力的发挥。     

Effects of aerobic versus resistance training on glycaemic control in men with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of aerobic training and resistance training on glycaemic control factors in men with type 2 diabetes. We performed a randomized clinical trial in which 26 men (age 57±8 years) with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to an aerobic training group or a resistance training group. The participants exercised three times a week for 12 weeks. Metabolic factors (haemoglobin A_1C; fasting glucose and C-peptide; total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol; triglycerides), blood pressure, body composition, maximum oxygen uptake, and muscular strength were measured before and after the intervention. Both training groups experienced significant improvements in haemoglobin A_1C: the aerobic training group saw a decrease in absolute values from 7.10±0.97% to 6.55±0.74% (P=0.001) and the resistance training group from 7.21±1.8% to 6.85±0.66% (P=0.024). Both training groups had significant improvements in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P<0.05) and in several of the measured body composition variables (P<0.05). In conclusion, the aerobic and resistance training groups saw similar improvements in glycaemic control. This suggests that both aerobic training and resistance training have beneficial effects for men with type 2 diabetes.     

提升男子短距离自行车训练速度的方法

我国的自行车训练水平不敌与国际先进水平仍存在差距,国际赛场上取得优异成绩也多为女子项目,以江永华、郭爽、宫金杰、钟天使等为代表,男子短距离项目难以成为国际自行车比赛的姣姣者。因此,本文通过介绍我国自行车速度能力训练的现状,分析短距离自行车力量训练类型,讨论男子短距离自行车训练的专项力量特征,最后探讨提升男子短距离自行车训练速度能力的训练方法。     

Effects of concurrent training on interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and C-reactive protein in middle-aged men

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of moderate- to high-intensity resistance and concurrent training on inflammatory biomarkers and functional capacity in sedentary middle-aged healthy men. Participants were selected on a random basis for resistance training (n = 12), concurrent training (n = 11) and a control group (n = 13). They performed three weekly sessions for 16 weeks (resistance training: 10 exercises with 3 × 8-10 repetition maximum; concurrent training: 6 exercises with 3 × 8-10 repetition maximum, followed by 30 minutes of walking or running at 55-85% [Vdot]O(2peak)). Maximal strength was tested in bench press and leg press. The peak oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O(2peak)) was measured by an incremental exercise test. Tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein were determined. The upper- and lower-body maximal strength increase for both resistance (+42.52%; +20.9%, respectively) and concurrent training (+28.35%; +21.5%, respectively) groups (P = 0.0001).[Vdot]O(2peak) increased in concurrent training when comparing pre- and post-training (P = 0.0001; +15.6%). No differences were found in tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 for both groups after the exercise. C-reactive protein increased in resistance training (P = 0.004). These findings demonstrated that 16 weeks of moderate- to high-intensity training could improve functional capacity, but did not decrease inflammatory biomarkers in middle-aged men.     

Effects of different types of exercise on muscle mass,strength, function and well-being in elderly

Abstract

Poor muscle strength and physical function have been associated with higher risk of hospitalisation and lower well-being among the elderly. Physical training increases muscle strength, endurance and physical function as well as psychological outcomes. Exercise among older adults is often used to improve these variables, but few have compared the effects of different types of training in parallel independent groups. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of three different types of training on body composition, muscle strength, physical function and well-being in the elderly. A total of 118 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 74.3, s=4.6 years, 68% women) completed a 13-week randomised controlled exercise-trial involving four groups: traditional strength training (STG), functional strength training (FTG), endurance training (ETG) and control (CON). Stair climb with load improved more in FTG than CON (P<0.05), and the two strength groups performed better in the functional upper body test (P<0.05). STG increased strength more than CON in all exercises (P<0.001), while FTG increased strength more than CON in the chest press, shoulder press and knee extension (P<0.05). Lean body mass (LBM) increased in all training groups, which differed significantly from CON (P<0.05). ETG decreased their fat mass compared to CON (P<0.001). The only significant effect on well-being indices was improved life satisfaction in FTG at week 5 (P<0.05). We also observed significant correlations between change in some of the functional tests and change in positive affect.

All three types of training can enhance physical capacity. Functional strength training can be a cost effective form of training in terms of less demand for instructors and equipment and could be an effective way to improve physical function, strength and indices of well-being in the elderly.     

Influence of Three Different Training Programs on Strength and Speed of a Limb Movement

Abstract

The experiment was designed to compare the effects of isometric-isotonic (A), dynamic-overload (B), and free swing (C) exercise programs on the speed and strength of a lateral arm movement The 26 college men in each group—three experimental and one control—were given pre- and post-training speed and strength trials. Each experimental group performed its assigned exercise twice a week during the 10-week training period. Reliability coefficients for both strength and speed of movement measurements were found to be high. Following training there were significant speed increases in both the isometric-isotonic and dynamic-overload groups (t=10.06 and 8.10; however, the difference in speed gain between conditions was nonsignificant (F=.10). Also, strength increases in both of these groups were significant (t=8.81 and 3.08), with that of the isometric-isotonic group significantly greater than the dynamic-overload group (F=5.11). No significant speed or strength gains were registered by either the free swing or control group.     

Comparison of lower body specific resistance training on the hamstring to quadriceps strength ratios in men and women

In this study, we compared hamstring (H) and quadriceps (Q) strength changes in men and women, as well as changes in conventional and functional H:Q ratios following an identical 12-week resistance training program. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to assess 14 male and 14 female participants before and after the intervention, and conventional and functional H:Q ratios were calculated. Hamstring strength improved similarly in men and women, but improvement in quadriceps strength was significantly greater in men, while women showed only modest improvements. For the conventional and functional H:Q ratios, women showed significantly greater improvements than men. Both men and women were able to exceed the commonly recommended 0.6 conventional and 1.0 functional H:Q ratios after the 12-week lower-body resistance training program.     

核心力量训练在业余短跑训练中的实验研究

核心力量训练是通过控制身体重心,使人体核心区域保持稳定,并有效的传递力量,减少无效做功,可以作为短跑传统力量训练的补充。通过对苏州市业余体校10名短跑运动员进行为期16周的核心力量训练,探究核心力量训练对于短跑运动员的专项素质以及专项成绩的影响。结果表明:进行核心力量训练的实验组专项素质、专项成绩都有不同程度的提高,且具有显著性。