教师教材观的三种取向

本文采取质的研究方法,从教材目标观、内容观以及教学观三个维度对某小学的六位教师进行了连续四个月的跟踪研究.基于对每个维度的分析与比较,本文将教师的教材观概括为三个类型:相对封闭型,即把教材看作教学的近乎唯一依据,强调教材是应付考试、获得确定知识的基础;中间型,即把教材看作宗,课外拓展看作影,认为教材兼具考试与为生活服务等功能;相对开放型,即把教材看作教学的范例、引子,在教学中重视内容的拓展性与生成性以及方法的多样性.     

Spanish Teachers' Epistemological and Scientific Conceptions: Implications for teacher education1

We present the theoretical framework, the central issues, bibliographic antecedents, and most relevant results of three studies concerning Spanish teachers' epistemological and scientific conceptions. The samples analysed present a majority tendency towards an absolutist view of knowledge and an empiricist conception of science. In our view, this represents a real obstacle to constructive and active professional development. Finally, we argue the need for an epistemological education of teachers that is closely linked to the design and development of the school curriculum, and that does not reproduce the traditional academicist-type models.     

Systematic Review of Adolescent Conceptions of Success: Implications for Wellbeing and Positive Education

Educational Psychology Review - Identifying different conceptions of success and how these relate to wellbeing is an important area of research. These insights would be especially beneficial for...     

Theory of Multiple Intelligences: Implications for Higher Education

This article reviews implications of Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences for higher education—responding to increased access, the necessity of meeting the needs of diverse users, and the accountability movement.     

新发展理念的多重理解维度

引领新时代中国社会经济发展的新发展理念,具有多重理解维度。在理论层面上,新发展理念是一体多元,共聚合力的完整发展观体系。在价值层面上,新发展理念以人民为中心,坚持人民至上,和谐人际关系的价值取向。在实践层面上,新发展理念化解社会主要矛盾,重点解决时代难题。在国际层面上,新发展理念能促进人类文明的共同发展。     

Teaching Knowledge Application: Advances in Theoretical Conceptions and their Professional Implications

We describe and examine a view of knowledge application in schooling developed from aspects of contemporary learning theory. To situate our perspective in contemporary practice, we establish the significance of the issue of knowledge application as an educational challenge. We then review some enduring theoretical conceptions of the problem and their educational ramifications following which we introduce some developments in educational learning theory and consider their implications for teaching knowledge application.     

Unleashing Latent Ability: Implications of Stereotype Threat for College Admissions

Social-psychological research conducted over the past 15 years provides compelling evidence that pervasive psychological threats are present in common academic environments—especially threats that originate in negative intellectual stereotypes—and that these threats undermine the real-world academic performance of non-Asian ethnic minority students and of women in math and science. As a consequence, common measures of academic performance, including both grades and test scores, systematically underestimate the intellectual ability of ethnic minority students and of women in quantitative fields (Walton & Spencer, 2009 Walton, G. M. and Spencer, S. J. 2009. Latent ability: Grades and test scores systematically underestimate the intellectual ability of negatively stereotyped students. Psychological Science,, 20,: 1132–1139. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). We review evidence for these psychological threats, discuss their implications for the meaning and interpretation of common performance measures used in important admissions decisions, and address their implications for the efforts of colleges and universities to create positive academic environments that allow all students to thrive.     

Conceptualizing Organizational Dimensions of Instructional Supervisory Practice: Implications for Professional Learning Environments in Schools

This study explored the organizational nature of the professional learning environments of teachers, administrators, and other peer professionals in schools. A conceptual model of the organizational structure and effects of instructional supervisory practices was developed to guide the empirical investigation. The model is based on an organizational conception of instructional supervision in which the variety of supervisory behaviors, interactions, and decision making engaged in by school personnel contributes to a unique organizational/supervisory (O/S) climate infusing a school's professional learning environment. Six meaningful dimensions of O/S climate were empirically derived. Climate variable linkages to various indices of school effectiveness were posited and explored using quantitative and qualitative methods. The study's qualitative findings revealed additional school-level, organizational context factors which further explicated the O/S climate and professional learning environment constructs and quantitative supervisory climate/effectiveness linkages identified in the study's original conceptual model. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

人工智能时代机器辅助教学:能力向度及发展进路

人工智能技术变革下的机器辅助教学为教育教学发展注入新的动能.机器辅助教学的内涵与外延在被人工智能技术重塑的同时,其结构也在智慧性、主体性和协同性等方面有新发展.然而,随着教学机器服务能力不断增强,范畴不断拓展,如何对其教学成效展开合理评测成为亟待解决的重要议题.机器辅助教学的能力向度是指机器赋能教学过程的指向目标与能力层级,对其剖析并构建能力向度模型,能以全新视角全面认知教学机器的客观概况与内部逻辑,又可从智能教学机器应用中提取可观测、可测量、可解释的关键因素,借以解决能力评测问题.本研究基于对机器辅助教学基本内涵的探讨,确定机器辅助教学的价值取向、系统框架与关键要素,构建并验证了以教育主体、场景、资源和数据为承载的机器辅助教学能力向度模型.这一模型研究需要秉持教育伦理先导的理念,坚持数据与理论双向驱动,推动人机协同并进,结合因果推断增强数据解释,从而为机器辅助教学能力评测标准的制定与实践提供理论参照和方向指引.     

Children's Conceptions in Chemistry at Elementary School Level and Some Implications for Inservice Training of Teachers

The activity of the research group for chemistry and integrated science education, operating in the University of Pisa, is presented. Two main areas are identified: analysis of the pupils’ preconceived ideas and consequent elaboration of teaching strategies. The interest is addressed towards the level of Italian elementary compulsory school, (pupils aged 6‐11 years). The work performed has noticeable effects in a proposal for a teaching model for in‐service training of teachers, addressed towards the present Italian situation.     

逃离与固守——《狂飙年代》三部曲的多重精神向度

寒山碧先生的《狂飙年代》三部曲以朴实的语言叙述着主人公林焕然在解放后那段狂飙年代中的人生遭遇和逃离与漂泊的经历。论文主要通过林焕然的内心世界和外在人生选择分析小说所包含的多重精神文化内质。主人公的思想和行为既受西方自由精神和广东地域流动文化的影响,又是知识分子自身独立理性思维的结果,同时全书又弥漫着浓郁的家国根性意识。     

教育民主:一个具有多学科意义的概念

教育民主具有政治学、社会学、教育学和主体性理论层面的意义。政治学意义上,教育民主具有历史性、阶级性的本质属性;社会学意义上,教育民主的主要表现为具有促进社会进步和消除社会不平等功能; 教育学意义上,它是教育进步的反映,是判断教育理论科学性、教育实践合理性的标准之一;主体性理论意义上,教育民主的一个内在属性即是对人的主体性的尊重。     

多元智能理论及其对教学设计的启示

加德纳的多元智能理论正广泛传播世界各国。我国有关多元智能的研究也日益增多,但对于如何在教学设计层面应用这一理论,还有待进一步研究。比较多元智能理论与传统智能理论,多元智能理论对于教学目标、教学策略和方法、课程设置、教学评价等方面具有诸多启示。     

我国公务员治理能力维度分析

在推进国家治理能力现代化的背景下,公务员的职位可以按照分类标准总结出各类别公务员职位所具有的特征,结合人力资源相关理论模型,对公务员治理能力进行维度分析,提出公务员工作性质决定了其应具备的治理能力,不同岗位工作能力的结构要求不同。     

研究生培养质量自我评价指标的初步构建

研究生培养质量评价体系主要是由外部评价体系和内部评价体系构成。目前我国外部的质量评价体系已初步建立,微观的自我约束体系还没真正建立起来,而评价指标是评价功能得以正向发挥的关键因素,由此,本论文试图在调查的基础上,运用主因素分析法初步构建研究生培养质量自我评价指标,以达到保证和提高研究生培养质量的目的。