动态能力的构建:一个演进的观点

首次利用吸收能力和创新能力与常规能力的互动关系来描述动态能力的构建和演进,提出动态能力体现了变化和效率的统一的观点。构建动态能力的关键在于：通过整合,将新知识融入常规活动以提高效率和适应变化。因此,发展动态能力,不仅仅要注重通过创新能力以创造新知识或是通过吸收能力以取得外部新知识,更应注意新知识和原有知识体系的有效整合及将新知识转化为常规能力的转化机制,这样才能保证公司的持续竞争优势。     

Technology-gaps, innovation-diffusion and transformation: an evolutionary interpretation

This paper discusses and outlines a perspective on economic growth based on evolutionary theorizing. Consistent with this perspective, capitalist development is shown to be a process of alternating periods of convergence and divergence, with some signs of a shift towards divergence recently. We also show that the importance of innovation for economic growth has increased lately, while at the same time imitation, (or diffusion) has become more demanding. The manufacturing sector which used to be very important for growth has lost much of its dynamism. We relate these findings to the big technological shifts that have occurred during the last decades.     

设计婴儿技术蕴含的生命价值分析

设计婴儿技术具有一系列医疗及生命伦理价值,对于人类的生活产生了极其重要的影响。本文基于社会现状的调查,结合二胎政策下减少出生缺陷、提高人口素质的课题,对设计婴儿技术进行较为深层的伦理学分析,从设计婴儿技术的生命存在价值、生命质量价值和生命社会价值论述该技术对生命和社会的意义与价值。     

Knowledge creation in strategic alliances based on an evolutionary perspective: a mathematical representation

From the resource-based view, strategic alliances can be defined by a long-term cooperative arrangement between two or more independent firms that exchange and share resources to gain market power and competitive advantage. Since knowledge has become the critical element for firms to achieve competitive advantage, one goal of strategic alliances can be realized by acquiring knowledge through partners. In this paper, the process of knowledge creation in strategic alliances is explained and clarified based on an evolutionary perspective. In addition, a mathematical representation is used to show how knowledge is created in strategic alliances, why firms are willing to create and share knowledge by entering into alliances, and what conditions are required to achieve successful knowledge creation under such arrangements.     

Serum Ischemia-Modified Albumin in Preterm Babies with Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) may suffer from severe hypoxia, asphyxia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) level as a diagnostic marker for hypoxia in preterm infants with RDS. Thirty-seven premature newborns with RDS were allocated as the study group and 42 healthy preterm neonates were selected as the control group. IMA was measured as absorbance unit (ABSU) in human serum with colorimetric assay method which is based on reduction in albumin cobalt binding. IMA levels were significantly higher in neonates with RDS as compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Cut-off value of IMA (ABSU) was 0.72, the sensitivity level was 91.9 %, the specificity was 78.6 %, positive predictive value was 79.1 % and negative predictive value was 91.7 % at RDS. Area under curve values was 0.93 (P < 0.001; 95 % CI, 0.88–0.98) in the receiver operating characteristic curve. We concluded that elevated blood IMA levels might be accepted as a useful marker for hypoxia in newborn with RDS.     

The descent of words: evolutionary thinking 1780-1880

Histories of evolutionary thought are dominated by organic evolution. The colossus in our midst that is evolutionary biology casts its shadow over history, making it appear that what is so widespread and important today was always the primary subject of evolutionary speculation. Thus many histories assume that the core meaning of evolution is the change of organic life and that other forms of evolutionary thinking, such as linguistic, social or cultural evolution, are only analogies or offshoots of the main biological evolutionary trunk. Ironically this is an ahistorical understanding. Long before the work of Charles Darwin, scholars were independently developing evolutionary concepts such as descent with modification and divergence from a common stock in order to understand cultural change.     

软件外包客户与提供商信任策略选择的演化博弈分析

软件外包客户与提供商之间的信任是影响外包项目成功的重要因素之一。根据合作过程中不完全信息、合作双方有限理性的特点,使用演化博弈的方法构建了客户信任策略和提供商配合策略选择的演化博弈模型,并分析了双方在策略选择过程中的互动情况。结果表明:外包提供商消极配合给客户带来的损失、外包客户监控成本、外包客户采取信任策略给提供商带来的收益或惩罚会直接影响博弈结果,合作双方策略选择的演化情况存在3种稳定状态,根据分析结果提出了相应建议。     

Distributed data-driven UAV formation control via evolutionary games: Experimental results

This work proposes a novel data-driven distributed formation-control approach based on multi-population evolutionary games, which is structured in a leader-follower scheme. The methodology considers a time-varying communication graph that describes how the multiple agents share information to each other. We present stability guarantees for configurations given by time-varying interaction networks, making the proposed method suitable for real-world problems where communication constraints change along the time. Additionally, the proposed formation controller allows for an agent to leave or enter the group without the need to modify the behaviors of other agents in the group. This game-theoretical approach is evaluated through numerical simulations and real outdoors experimental results using a fleet of aerial autonomous vehicles, showing the control performance.     

Gliding lizard fills evolutionary gap

Although the outlandish reptiles and man-eating beasts in science-fiction movies are often scaring to some audience while fascinating to others, they are by no means merely the fancy of Hollywood screenwriters.     

Convergent designs in fine fashion: An evolutionary model for stylistic innovation

In this paper we propose and test an evolutionary model of stylistic innovation, that is the change in the aesthetic and symbolic elements of products and services. Style is an increasingly relevant phenomenon in many industries and our goal is to develop a model of how styles get introduced and adopted. We build on existent literature on technological change to frame the dynamics of how style changes across time. In the model we propose, companies face periods of ferment with relevant stylistic variations and periods of convergence on a single trend—that is the stylistic convergent design versus the technologic dominant design. We identify the drivers of convergence in stylistic innovation. We test the model with a longitudinal empirical study (1984-2002) in the fine fashion industry, explaining the main differences between a stylistic and a technological evolutionary model.     

Researchers Announce World’s First Dinosaur Preserved Sitting on Nest of Eggs that Includes Fossilized Babies

正A multinational team of researchers has announced a first for the world of paleontology:a dinosaur preserved sitting atop a nest of its own eggs that include fossilized babies inside.The scientific paper describing the discovery was recently published in the journal Science Bulletin.The primary authors are Dr.BI Shundong,professor at Indiana University of Pennsylvania and XU Xing,     

Explaining the universe: Herbert Spencer's attempt to synthesize political and evolutionary ideas

Herbert Spencer's evolutionary ideas related not just to the biological world but to the universe and everything in it. Human societies were also viewed through his evolutionary lens so that Spencer's evolutionary and political ideas are inextricably entwined. This essay looks at some of Spencer's ideas and attempts to locate them in the social and intellectual context of his youth. It also speculates on the rise and fall of Spencer's reputation.     

Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: a multi-level perspective and a case-study

This paper addresses the question of how technological transitions (TT) come about? Are there particular patterns and mechanisms in transition processes? TT are defined as major, long-term technological changes in the way societal functions are fulfilled. TT do not only involve changes in technology, but also changes in user practices, regulation, industrial networks, infrastructure, and symbolic meaning or culture. This paper practices ‘appreciative theory’ [R.R. Nelson, S.G. Winter, An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Bellknap Press, Cambridge, MA, 1982] and brings together insights from evolutionary economics and technology studies. This results in a multi-level perspective on TT where two views of the evolution are combined: (i) evolution as a process of variation, selection and retention, (ii) evolution as a process of unfolding and reconfiguration. The perspective is empirically illustrated with a qualitative longitudinal case-study, the transition from sailing ships to steamships, 1780–1900. Three particular mechanisms in TT are described: niche-cumulation, technological add-on and hybridisation, riding along with market growth.     

Mapping evolutionary trajectories: Applications to the growth and transformation of medical knowledge

This paper is concerned with the mechanisms through which medical knowledge emerges, grows and transforms itself. It is a large-scale empirical analysis of the development of treatments for coronary artery disease, which is the most common cause of death in developed countries. We uncover the structure of medical understanding of the disease and the path-dependent co-evolution of scientific and technical knowledge in the search for solutions to the relevant set of problems. After reviewing a broad range of secondary sources and a number of interviews with leading clinicians, we use new tools recently developed for the longitudinal analysis of large citation networks. We apply them to a bibliographic database of 11,240 papers published in the area of coronary artery disease between 1979 and 2003 and to a patent dataset of 5136 US patents documents granted between 1976 and 2003 for angioplasty-related devices. The results are consistent maps, which we critically discuss, of the major scientific and technological trajectories associated with one of the most important medical procedures of the last 30 years.