我国400m优秀运动员体能评价体系研究

以我国400 m优秀运动员的体能评价体系为研究对象,通过专家访谈、问卷调查、现场测试及数理统计等研究方法,初步构建了我国400 m优秀运动员的体能评价体系。结论表明:1)400 m优秀运动员体能评价指标包括形态指标(身高、下肢长指数)、机能指标(血睾酮)和素质指标(行进间100 m、200 m、300 m)等6项指标;2)在一级评价指标中,运动素质指标权重较大为0.57(其中200 m权重最大为0.35);下肢长指数所占权重最小为0.07;3)制定了我国400 m优秀运动员体能评价单项评分和综合评价标准;4)在体能评价体系中,不同性别之间的单项评分标准和综合评价等级标准均具有明显差异。     

我国优秀男子100m跑运动员体能结构特征的研究

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、测试法与数理统计法，运用分层逐步回归分析筛选出了有效反映我国男子100m跑健将级运动员体能水平的指标体系。对运动员体能各指标与100m跑成绩间的关系进行了灰色关联分析，研究了我国优秀100m跑运动员的体能结构特征并建立了体能结构模型。     

对中国足球体能测试的反思——写在12min跑与YOYO体能测试方法之后

对中国足球运动员体能测试的两种方法(12min跑和YOYO测试)进行了认真的分析和深刻的反思,认为这两种测试方法都存在评价标准过于统一,无视体能与技术的关系等问题,提出足协应改革足球管理体制,把体能测试的权力下放给各俱乐部,并预言体能测试最终会退出中国足球的历史舞台。     

我国优秀足球运动员专项体能评价方法的研究

通过文献资料调研、专家访谈、问卷调查、体育测量、数理统计和逻辑分析法建立了我国优秀男子足球运动员专项体能评价模型,并制定了单项评分量表和评价等级标准、综合评价等级标准。同时,为在今后体能测试中不断完善指标体系,逐步提高指标的评价标准,提出了4项建议。     

我国优秀男子百米跑运动员体能指标的筛选与评价

为了全面认识和剖析我国优秀男子百米跑运动员的体能结构，以20世纪90年代以来我国男子百米健将级运动员17人为研究对象，采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、测试法与数理统计法，运用分层逐步回归分析筛选出有效反映我国优秀男子百米跑运动员体能水平的10项指标；对运动员体能各指标与百米跑成绩间的关系进行了灰色关联分析；并确立了我国优秀男子百米跑运动员体能水平评价标准与方法学体系，对我国优秀男子百米跑运动员的体能水平进行了评价。     

我国优秀男子射箭运动员体能评价

通过专家访谈法、现场测试法、数理统计法,对我国当前现役优秀男子射箭运动员体能现状评价。研究认为,我国优秀男子射箭运动员的体能测试指标为：卧推、转肩、拉弓停时、负重快速连续下蹲、杠铃前平举、背起、引体向上、跳绳、手指俯卧撑、两头起、12min跑;建立了优秀男子射箭运动员体能模型。结论：影响我国优秀男子射箭运动员的体能成绩主要因素及其程度依次为：X3为胸部力量因子,X1为腰背柔韧性与手指力量因子,X2为肩背力量因子,X4为耐力因子;我国优秀男子射箭运动员需要加强的是肩背部力量、肌肉耐力、核心力量、腿部力量以及肩部柔韧性。     

中国国家队男子足球运动员比赛中体能特征研究

足球运动员的体能是运动员比赛中正常发挥技战术水平的基础,对比赛期长时间高水平竞技能力的保持和伤病的预防也有重要的作用.采用文献法、实验法和数理统计法分析中国国家队运动员比赛中的体能特征,并且与国外优秀足球运动员进行对比分析,研究结果表明:足球比赛负荷量大,小负荷运动比例大.中国运动员在比赛中跑动距离与国外运动员差距并不明显,但是,前锋和中场运动员的跑动距离相对较少;比赛负荷具有阶段性.在90 min的比赛中负荷强度出现2个峰谷,即在30～45 min和60～75 min两个时间段.在第2个峰谷,中国队运动员的跑动距离处于整场比赛较低水平,可能会影响这一时间段的技战术能力发挥和场上的攻守平衡局面.     

我国优秀男子100m跑运动员体能水平的评价与诊断

采用文献资料调研、问卷调查、专家访谈、测试与数理统计等研究方法,经过分层逐步回归分析,筛选出了有效反映我国男子100m跑健将级运动员体能水平的10项指标。对100m跑运动员体能各指标与100m跑成绩间的关系进行了灰色关联分析,并对运动员的体能水平进行了评价与诊断。     

16～17岁少年男子跳高运动员体能评价指标体系的构建与研究

运用文献资料、数理统计、逐步回归以及灰色关联等科研方法,对16～17岁优秀少年男子跳高运动员体能评价指标进行研究。建立了本年龄段少年男子跳高运动员体能评价指标体系及其影响运动成绩的因素指标,形成了单项评分标准、等级评价标准、综合评价标准。对于有效评价跳高运动员体能水平优势,进行准确中级运动选材提供理论支持,对诊断运动训练效果提供参考。     

我国U-17年龄段男子足球运动员身体素质评价标准的研究

通过对中国足球学校2002和2003年夏训华北区U-17(17～18岁)年龄段优秀男子足球运动员身体素质测试数据进行统计分析,制定出比较客观地反映该年龄段优秀足球运动员身体素质指标评价标准,为教学训练及选材提供有益参考。     

足球运动损伤的特点

对66名在校足球运动员的损伤史进行了调查，对其损伤的种类、多发损伤部位特征及损伤原因进行了分析。其损伤部位主要是踝关节、胫骨、腓肠肌和膝关节。     

Workload and injury incidence in elite football academy players

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to prospectively analyse the relationship between workloads and injury in elite football academy players. Elite football academy players (n = 122) from under-19 (U19) and under-21 (U21) of a professional football team competing in UEFA European Cups were followed during 5 seasons. Injuries were collected and absolute workload and workload ratios (4-weeks, 3-weeks, 2-weeks and week-to-week) calculated using a rolling days method with the help of the session Rate of Perceived Exertion. There was no association between absolute workload or workload ratio with the injury incidence in the U19. In the U21, the level of cumulative absolute workloads during 3-weeks (RR = 1.39, p = 0.026) and during 4-weeks (RR = 1.40, p = 0.019) were associated with an increase in injury. There was no association between workload ratio and injury in U21. The significant link between high cumulated 3-weeks and 4 weeks workloads and injury in U21 confirmed the requirement to monitor the internal subjective workload in U21 in order to prevent injury. Further studies exploring the relationships between workload and injury are required in football academy.     

Comparison of athletic movement between elite junior and senior Australian football players

This study compared the athletic movement skill between elite Under-18 (U18) Australian football (AF) and senior Australian Football League (AFL) players. The U18 sample (n = 13; 17.7 ± 0.6 years) were representatives of an elite talent development programme. The AFL players were classified accordingly; Group 1 (1–4 AFL seasons; n = 20; 21.2 ± 1.9 years) and Group 2 (>5 AFL seasons; n = 14; 26.3 ± 2.6 years). Participants performed an athletic movement skill assessment, inclusive of five foundational movements. Each movement was scored across three assessment points using a three-point scale. Total score for each movement (maximum of nine) and overall score (maximum of 63) were used as criteria. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to test the effect of developmental group (three levels) on the criteria. Receiver operating curves were built to examine the discriminant capability of the overall score. A significant effect of developmental group was noted, with the U18 sample having a lower mean total score for four of the five movements. Overall scores of 49/63 and 50/63 discriminated the elite U18 sample from Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. U18 players may have less developed athletic movement skills when compared to their senior AFL counterparts.     

我国男子职业足球运动员国际转会的研究

转会在职业足球领域是普遍存在的现象,随着我国职业联赛的开展,有越来越多的球员加盟欧洲职业联赛, 对提高我国足球整体水平起到积极作用.通过文献资料、数理统计等方法,对我国足球职业化以来足球运动员的国际转会进行研究,研究发现我国球员国际转会中,不同位置、年龄、是否国家队主力、加盟方式都是影响转会的因素.我国球员国际转会流程为:球员定位,引起关注,双方俱乐部协商,经纪人操作以及足球管理部门的行政管理, 其中每一环节都是必不可少且需合理、有效地进行操作的.     

高校足球运动员比赛中不良心理活动的分析与研究

调查分析5类外部因素对高校足球运动员赛前心理活动的不良影响，认为加强指导和心理训练是克服这些不良心理的有效措施。     

The role of community in the development of elite handball and football players in Denmark

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the place of early development in a sample of Danish male elite and youth handball and football players. The sample included 366 handball and football players from the elite Danish league in the season 2011–2012 and a comparison sample of youth players under the age of 12 from 2003, including 147,221 football and 26,290 handball players. Odds ratio analysis showed that both population size and density significantly affected the proportional number of youth players per community and the odds of athletes reaching an elite level in football and handball. The odds for youth player registrations in both handball and football increased in rural in contrast to urban communities. However, elite football players primarily came from communities of high density (>1000 pop./km²), whereas elite handball players primarily came from less densely populated communities (100 to <250 pop./km²). Furthermore, there seems to be a relation between representation of elite and talent clubs in different communities and the probability of becoming an elite player in both sports. The limited number of elite players in both sports from rural communities may be due to national talent development strategies that do not incorporate development support for clubs in rural areas. Additionally, the results of the study clearly suggest the need to include the youth player population to advance research findings in birthplace effect studies.     

Workload and non-contact injury incidence in elite football players competing in European leagues

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between absolute and acute:chronic workload ratios and non-contact injury incidence in professional football players and to assess their predictive ability. Methods: Elite football players (n?=?130) from five teams competing in European domestic and confederation level competitions were followed during one full competitive season. Non-contact injuries were recorded and using session rate of perceived exertion (s-RPE) internal absolute workload and acute:chronic (A:C) workload ratios (4-weeks, 3-weeks, 2-weeks and week-to-week) were calculated using a rolling days method. Results: The relative risk (RR) of non-contact injury was increased (RR?=?1.59, CI95%: 1.18–2.15) when a cumulative 4-week absolute workload was greater than 10629 arbitrary units (AU) in comparison with a workload between 3745 and 10628?AU. When the 3-week absolute workload was more than 8319?AU versus between 2822 and 8318?AU injury risk was also increased (RR=?1.46, CI95% 1.08–1.98). Injury incidence was higher when the 4-week A:C ratio was <0.85 versus >0.85 (RR?=?1.31, CI95%: 1.02–1.70) and with a 3-week A:C ratio >1.30 versus <1.30 (RR?=?1.37, CI95%: 1.05–1.77). Importantly, none of the A:C workload combinations showed high sensitivity or specificity. Conclusions: In elite European footballers, using internal workload (sRPE) revealed that cumulative workloads over 3 and 4 weeks were associated with injury incidence. Additionally, A:C workloads, using combinations of 2, 3 and 4 weeks as the C workloads were also associated with increased injury risk. No A:C workload combination was appropriate to predict injury.     

我国青少年女子足球运动员身体素质特征

以参加全国青少年女足冬训的运动员为研究对象,采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法和数理统计法,对我国青少年身体素质的特征进行了分析.研究表明:我国青少年青女子足球运动员身体素质发展的个体差异明显,上肢力量和腰腹肌力量差别较大;对于青少年女子足球运动员身体素质训练的方式比较单一.     

山东省男子青少年排球运动员专项体能评价体系构建研究

运用专家访谈、调查问卷的方法,筛选出具有代表性的专项体能指标,按照筛选的指标到运动队中测量数据,并通过Spss13.0软件对测量的数据进行统计分析,构建山东省男子青少年排球运动员专项体能评价体系.运用建立的评价体系对排球运动员的专项体能状况进行评价,目的在于揭示山东省男子青少年排球运动员的专项体能特征,为广大教练员、科研人员提供参考.