冷战与美国在越南的局部战争(1963-1968)

20世纪 6 0年代中期 ,美苏冷战继续进行。为了遏制苏联并包围中国 ,196 3年上台的美国总统约翰逊扩大了在越南的干涉 ,把肯尼迪在越南推行的特种战争升级为局部战争。在中苏等国的援助下 ,越南人民最终挫败了美国发动的局部战争。与第一次印度支那战争相比 ,以局部战争为主体的第二次印度支那战争带有更为明显的冷战色彩。     

云南援越抗美的历程及特点研究

云南省以其毗邻越南的特殊地理位置,在中国援越抗美的过程中始终处于援助活动的前沿,在中国援越抗美史中占有重要的地位,并形成了其独特的面貌和特点。随着越战从特种战争、局部战争到战争＂越南化＂的逐步变化,云南也经历了战争初期的率先援助、战火重起时期的重点援助以及战争＂越南化＂和战争结束后的援助历程。     

对美国侵越史叙述的一点质疑

对美国侵越史叙述的一点质疑美国侵略越南,由特种战争上升为局部战争的标志究竟是什么？新编高中《世界近代现代史》下册教材第８０页有这样一段话：“１９６４年,美国又把战火扩大到越南北方。这样,美国就将对越南南方的‘特种战争’扩大为对整个越南的‘局部战争’。...     

对《对美国侵越史叙述的一点质疑》的质疑

《中学历史教学参考》1 998年第 7期刊载了一篇题为《对美国侵越史叙述的一点质疑》(以下简称《质疑》)的小文章。该文章认为 ,新编高中《世界近代现代史》下册课本第 80页的一段话即“1 964年 ,美国又把战火扩大到越南北方。这样 ,美国就将对越南南方的‘特种战争’扩大为对整个越南的‘局部战争’。接着 ,美国向越南南方直接派遣侵略军”的叙述欠妥 ,宜改为 :“1 964年 ,美国又把战争扩大到越南北方。接着 ,美国向越南南方直接派遣侵略军 ,最多达到 5 0多万人。这样 ,美国对越南的侵略就由‘特种战争’上升为‘局部战争’。”笔者认为 ,以…     

美国对越南政策演变原因分析(1940-1970)

美国对越南的政策经历了几次比较大的转变,从罗斯福支持越南脱离法国的殖民统治到允许法国重返越南承认法国对越南的主权,再到对法国进行经济、军事上的战争援助,随后在法国退出越南后取而代之,直接援助南越,最后对越南进行武装干涉彻底卷入越南战争.美国对越南政策的转变有错综复杂的国际、国内因素,既有美国理想主义的外交传统,又有对共产主义的遏制和惧怕,更有美国在印度支那的经济、政治利益.     

1969年中苏边界冲突与中美关系的缓和

1969年中苏边界的冲突使两国濒临战争的边缘,中苏关系的全面恶化客观上为中美关系的缓和带来了契机。伴随着对中苏边界,中突认识的不断深入,美国调整了其对华政策并逐步加大力度。与此同时。苏联的重兵压境和中苏边界冲突的升级也改变了中国对安全形势的判断,认为苏联对中国的威胁比美国要大。中国决策层经过长期的观察、慎重的思考研究后,最终决定调整对美战略。中关关系缓和的条件基本具备,两国最终实现了历史性的和解。     

美国对越南政策演变原因分析（1940—1970）

美国对越南的政策经历了几次比较大的转变,从罗斯福支持越南脱离法国的殖民统治到允许法国重返越南承认法国对越南的主权,再到对法国进行经济、军事上的战争援助,随后在法国退出越南后取而代之,直接援助南越,最后对越南进行武装干涉彻底卷入越南战争。美国对越南政策的转变有错综复杂的国际、国内因素,既有关国理想主义的外交传统,又有对共产主义的遏制和惧怕,更有关国在印度支那的经济、政治利益。     

肯尼迪与“特种战争”

为镇压越南人民革命斗争 ,遏制共产主义的发展 ,1 961年肯尼迪在越南发动了一场“特种战争”。它是肯尼迪冷战思维的产物 ,对共产主义的恐惧、对中国的长期敌对和“多米诺骨牌理论”起了重要作用。在“特种战争”期间 ,对抗成为中美关系的主要特征。     

抗战后期美国外交官对华态度分歧初析

1941年12月太平洋战争爆发,日美直接交战。美国根据其“先欧后亚”的战略原则,决定增强对中国的援助,“使中国牵制住日本军队”,减轻对太平洋战场的压力,达到以尽可能小的损失打败日本的目标。据此,美国在培植和支援中国的抗日力量方面,做了不少工作。然而,在美国应联合和援助中国何     

威慑与克制:1964-1965年越战升级中中国对美政策

1964-1965年是越南战争的关键性时期。美国在约翰逊的领导下实现了越南战争由“特种战争”向“局部战争”的转变。当时,中国作为越南民主共和国盟友高度注视着美国的每一步行动。对中国来说,它既不能容许自己的意识形态盟友遭受美国的侵略,特别是直接的地面军事进攻;又不愿在越南再与美国进行一场朝鲜战争式的较量。为了防止这两种局面的出现,中国对美国采取了威慑与克制并用的政策,基本上达到了自己的预期目的。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

胡主席在印度,我却在中国

Today, Sunday morning, I sit thinking and typing at my computer. My thoughts are in my homeland, India and my body is in China. The body is here and mind there for a good reason. Mr. Hu is president and I am resident and both are in each other's countries (what a difference the absence of one small letter makes!). Mr. Hu will return in a few days and I will stay on longer.     

STORIES

正A One day a pig went to the stable(马棚)to see his good friend,an oldhorse,and was going to stay there forthenight.Night came and it was time forsleep.The pig went into the straw heap(稻草堆)and lay comfortably.A longtime passed,but the horse was stillstanding there and did not move.Thepig asked the horse why he did not go tosleep."Standing like this is the begin-ning ofsleeping,"answered the horse.     

巧妙引语(英文)

正1.Any fool can count the seeds in an apple.Only God can count all the apples in one seed.2.Happy families are all alike;every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.3.Memories are the key not to the past,but to the future.4.Sometimes in the dark you see what you want to see.5.There is a great difference between     

Information for Authors

正Scope and Policy The Journal of Chongqing University-English Edition(JCQU-E)is a peerreviewed journal publishing research articles in multiple disciplines of science and technology,covering civil and environmental engineering,chemical engineering,biotechnology,mechanical and electrical engineering,computer and data processing,mining,metallurgy,materials science,and interdisciplines thereof.