The distribution of references across texts: Some implications for citation analysis

In citation network analysis, complex behavior is reduced to a simple edge, namely, node A cites node B. The implicit assumption is that A is giving credit to, or acknowledging, B. It is also the case that the contributions of all citations are treated equally, even though some citations appear multiply in a text and others appear only once. In this study, we apply text-mining algorithms to a relatively large dataset (866 information science articles containing 32,496 bibliographic references) to demonstrate the differential contributions made by references. We (1) look at the placement of citations across the different sections of a journal article, and (2) identify highly cited works using two different counting methods (CountOne and CountX). We find that (1) the most highly cited works appear in the Introduction and Literature Review sections of citing papers, and (2) the citation rankings produced by CountOne and CountX differ. That is to say, counting the number of times a bibliographic reference is cited in a paper rather than treating all references the same no matter how many times they are invoked in the citing article reveals the differential contributions made by the cited works to the citing paper.     

Functions,types, means of expression,and opportunities for the identification of definitions in scientific texts

This article is a review of some current ideas about the structure, functions, and types of definitions as a form of knowledge expression typical of scientific communication. Special emphasis is placed on linguistic models of definition and their typologies based on structural and content-related peculiarities. A number of cases are considered to show that it may be especially difficult technically to identify structurally modified definitions that deviate from the common three-part structure and definitions expressed in more than one sentence.     

我国部分科技期刊参考文献和被引用情况统计分析

通过对我国部分中文科技期刊的参考文献及被引用情况抽样统计分析，发现我国中文科技期刊的平均被引率普遍偏低，且作者自引对期刊的被引频次和影响因子贡献偏高。认为作者的引证行为失妥、人为删减参考文献及我国科技期刊的影响力偏低是上述现象的主要原因。     

Bibliometric approximation of a scientific specialty by combining key sources,title words,authors and references

Bibliometric methods for the analysis of highly specialized subjects are increasingly investigated and debated. Information and assessments well-focused at the specialty level can help make important decisions in research and innovation policy. This paper presents a novel method to approximate the specialty to which a given publication record belongs. The method partially combines sets of key values for four publication data fields: source, title, authors and references. The approach is founded in concepts defining research disciplines and scholarly communication, and in empirically observed regularities in publication data. The resulting specialty approximation consists of publications associated to the investigated publication record via key values for at least three of the four data fields. This paper describes the method and illustrates it with an application to publication records of individual scientists. The illustration also successfully tests the focus of the specialty approximation in terms of its ability to connect and help identify peers. Potential tracks for further investigation include analyses involving other kinds of specialized publication records, studies for a broader range of specialties, and exploration of the potential for diverse applications in research and research policy context.     

编辑应重视对科技论文参考文献的审核

为了确保科技论文参考文献的正确引用、规范著录,编辑应从必需、适量、规范的要求出发,重视对参考文献的审核,发挥出督促、帮扶、把关的重要作用。     

科技期刊参考文献隐性错误例析及编校策略

科技期刊的参考文献错误是困扰编辑的一个重要问题,参考文献的隐性错误更是防不胜防,直接影响着刊物的出版质量。结合编校工作实际,本文分析了几种参考文献隐性错误实例,给出相应的编校策略,并从作者、审稿人、编辑3个角度提出改进参考文献编校工作的对策与建议,以期助力提高科技期刊参考文献写作质量和编校质量。     

The role of geographical proximity in knowledge diffusion,measured by citations to scientific literature

This paper analyses the influence of geographic distance on knowledge flows, measured through citations to scientific publications. Previous works using the same approach are limited to single disciplines. In this study, we analyse the Italian scientific production in all disciplines matured in the period 2010–2012. To calculate the geographic distances between citing and cited publications, each one is associated with a “prevalent” territory on the basis of the authors’ affiliations. The results of the application of a gravity model, estimated using ordinary least squares regression, show that despite the spread of IT, geographic distance continues to be an influential factor in the process of knowledge flows between territories. In particular, the analysis reveals that the effect of geographic distance on knowledge flows is significant at the national level, not negligible at the continental level, but completely irrelevant at the intercontinental level.     

Open access to scientific knowledge: Its state,problems, and prospects of development

The concept of “open access” to scientific and teaching information has become one of the specific forms of the worldwide trend towards the formation of global interactive knowledge. This paper presents the basic information on open access (OA) to scientific and teaching information, its current status, financing options, problems and prospects of development, and the participation of Russia in this process.     

国际化背景下中文科技期刊参考文献英文对照的正确著录

结合编辑过程中的著录实例,按参考文献原文有无英译、原英译正确与否,对英文对照中的几种错误进行分析,提出本刊处理时的一般原则和做法.分别从作者和编辑人员的角度,提出防止和减少参考文献著录及对照错误的应对措施.     

应学术交流而生为学术交流而变——谈科技期刊的价值体现

针对传统科技期刊出版者对网络化、数字化冲击的担忧,从科技期刊的产生、科技期刊的价值表现等角度进行研究。认为:印刷技术和纸张的发明是科技期刊产生的技术基础,学术交流的需要是科技期刊产生的根本原因,纸质版科技期刊不能等同于科技期刊,科技期刊的核心价值体现于科技期刊在学术交流中的创造性。基于科技期刊在学术交流中所体现出的独特价值,科技期刊不仅不会在技术进步中消亡,反而会借助先进的技术手段发挥更加重要的作用。在网络化、数字化的环境中,科技期刊应该也能够适应学术交流的需要,从传播方式、传播载体、办刊理念、评价方式和出版模式等方面作出改变,以一种新的形式展现在人们的面前。     

数字出版转型中科技期刊知识服务及知识付费模式探析

知识付费为出版业带来新的机遇和挑战,科技期刊在数字出版转型中要突破传统出版的盈利模式,在知识服务中探索知识付费模式;参照出版业知识服务和知识付费成功案例探讨出版业尤其是科技期刊知识服务及知识付费模式,并指出实现知识付费的条件;科技期刊应从自身实际出发,依照互联网的用户特点实现知识服务和知识付费;知识付费将成为科技期刊新的盈利模式,并将成为新的出版业态。     

The records of memory, the archives of identity: celebrations, texts and archival sensibilities

Using a variety of examples of non-traditional archives, the article explores the concept of cultural archives that embraces dynamic events such as commemorations, monuments, and other community-based representations. The paradigm of the postcolonial archive is considered and analyzed as a potential model for such a living cultural archive.     

浅谈馆际交流对高校图书馆队伍建设的影响

文章结合鞍山科技大学图书馆和大连海事大学图书馆开展馆际交流的实践经验,论述了馆际交流是提高高校图书馆队伍素质的有效途径,指出了馆际交流的实用性、可操作性和可行性.     

中国科技期刊知识服务的实现路径思辨

为深入了解国内外科技期刊在知识服务方向的进程,探求中国科技期刊知识服务的实现路径,本研究以“科技期刊+知识服务”为检索词,对CNKI的全库学术期刊和学位论文进行主题、     

知识团队是高校图书馆科研活动的组织优化选择

知识团队已成为高校图书馆科研活动的一种重要参与形态.通过剖析成功案例论证其卓越的知识组合优势.     

A citation index with allowance for the implicit diffusion of scientific knowledge

This paper suggests a new scientometric index that estimates knowledge diffusion and has two constituents: the first one is equivalent to a usual citation index, i.e., it describes the visible diffusion of scientific knowledge; the second one reflects the implicit diffusion of scientific knowledge and is expressed through the number of implicit citations. The practical value of the suggested index is that it permits implicit initiators of the scientific mainstream to be easily identified. The distinctive feature of such scientists is the large value of the suggested citation index and the low value of the usual citation index.     

基于知识元的知识组织与知识服务

本文采用模块式与分层次的方法,将知识分割为由模块和知识元组成的知识体系,通过按相关层次的直接点击查询或按知识元名称进行所需知识的检索,实现以知识元为基础的知识组织与知识服务的目的。     

高校图书馆学科化知识服务能力再造探究

文章分析了高校图书馆学科化知识服务现状,阐述学科化知识服务能力再造的必要性,提出再造学科化知识服务能力的五大实施方案,以期提高高校图书馆知识服务能力,实现为师生提供深层次、专业化、知识化、特色化的知识服务,推动高校学科建设与发展。     

数字化环境下中国科技期刊知识服务模式探析

作为支撑知识创新和知识利用的重要传播载体,科技期刊的发展关乎国家科学文化的繁荣发展和软实力建设。面临中国正加速迈向世界科技强国的时代机遇,面向科研人员逐步转变的科研需求,面对知名国外科技出版商技术、服务日趋完善的出版态势,中国科技期刊界亟须从根本上解决期刊的学术质量,高度重视新技术的开发利用,创新实现从传统出版向“互联网+知识服务”的快速转型。本文通过文献检索、访谈及经验回顾等方法,总结中国科技期刊现有知识服务的概况,并通过对其进行分类归纳,绘制中国科技期刊知识服务思维导图以及知识服务的资源分布及可行性分析量表,探寻当下适合中国科技期刊发展的知识服务策略,期冀对国内科技出版界开展知识服务工作提供参考。     

The memory of science: Inflation,myopia, and the knowledge network

Scientific production is steadily growing, exhibiting 4% annual growth in publications and 1.8% annual growth in the number of references per publication, together producing a 12-year doubling period in the total supply of references, i.e. links in the science citation network. This growth has far-reaching implications for how academic knowledge is connected, accessed and evaluated. Against this background, we analyzed a citation network comprised of 837 million references produced by 32.6 million publications over the period 1965–2012, allowing for a detailed analysis of the ‘attention economy’ in science. Our results show how growth relates to ‘citation inflation’, increased connectivity in the citation network resulting from decreased levels of uncitedness, and a narrowing range of attention – as both very classic and very recent literature are being cited increasingly less. The decreasing attention to recent literature published within the last 6 years suggests that science has become stifled by a publication deluge destabilizing the balance between production and consumption. To better understand these patterns together, we developed a generative model of the citation network, featuring exponential growth, the redirection of scientific attention via publications’ reference lists, and the crowding out of old literature by the new. We validate our model against several empirical benchmarks, and then use perturbation analysis to measure the impact of shifts in citing behavior on the synthetic system's properties, thereby providing insights into the functionality of the science citation network as an infrastructure supporting the memory of science.