Functions,types, means of expression,and opportunities for the identification of definitions in scientific texts

This article is a review of some current ideas about the structure, functions, and types of definitions as a form of knowledge expression typical of scientific communication. Special emphasis is placed on linguistic models of definition and their typologies based on structural and content-related peculiarities. A number of cases are considered to show that it may be especially difficult technically to identify structurally modified definitions that deviate from the common three-part structure and definitions expressed in more than one sentence.     

Bibliometric approximation of a scientific specialty by combining key sources,title words,authors and references

Bibliometric methods for the analysis of highly specialized subjects are increasingly investigated and debated. Information and assessments well-focused at the specialty level can help make important decisions in research and innovation policy. This paper presents a novel method to approximate the specialty to which a given publication record belongs. The method partially combines sets of key values for four publication data fields: source, title, authors and references. The approach is founded in concepts defining research disciplines and scholarly communication, and in empirically observed regularities in publication data. The resulting specialty approximation consists of publications associated to the investigated publication record via key values for at least three of the four data fields. This paper describes the method and illustrates it with an application to publication records of individual scientists. The illustration also successfully tests the focus of the specialty approximation in terms of its ability to connect and help identify peers. Potential tracks for further investigation include analyses involving other kinds of specialized publication records, studies for a broader range of specialties, and exploration of the potential for diverse applications in research and research policy context.     

Open access to scientific knowledge: Its state,problems, and prospects of development

The concept of “open access” to scientific and teaching information has become one of the specific forms of the worldwide trend towards the formation of global interactive knowledge. This paper presents the basic information on open access (OA) to scientific and teaching information, its current status, financing options, problems and prospects of development, and the participation of Russia in this process.     

The records of memory, the archives of identity: celebrations, texts and archival sensibilities

Using a variety of examples of non-traditional archives, the article explores the concept of cultural archives that embraces dynamic events such as commemorations, monuments, and other community-based representations. The paradigm of the postcolonial archive is considered and analyzed as a potential model for such a living cultural archive.     

科技编辑知识体系构建中的信息整合

将信息整合理论应用于编辑学研究中.论述信息整合理论与科技编辑知识体系构建的关系,指出信息整合过程潜隐于编辑知识体系构建中,此过程贯穿于编辑活动的主要过程.归纳出该理论在科技编辑知识体系构建中应用的几个主要方面.     

浅谈馆际交流对高校图书馆队伍建设的影响

文章结合鞍山科技大学图书馆和大连海事大学图书馆开展馆际交流的实践经验,论述了馆际交流是提高高校图书馆队伍素质的有效途径,指出了馆际交流的实用性、可操作性和可行性.     

A citation index with allowance for the implicit diffusion of scientific knowledge

This paper suggests a new scientometric index that estimates knowledge diffusion and has two constituents: the first one is equivalent to a usual citation index, i.e., it describes the visible diffusion of scientific knowledge; the second one reflects the implicit diffusion of scientific knowledge and is expressed through the number of implicit citations. The practical value of the suggested index is that it permits implicit initiators of the scientific mainstream to be easily identified. The distinctive feature of such scientists is the large value of the suggested citation index and the low value of the usual citation index.     

知识团队是高校图书馆科研活动的组织优化选择

知识团队已成为高校图书馆科研活动的一种重要参与形态.通过剖析成功案例论证其卓越的知识组合优势.     

高校图书馆学科化知识服务能力再造探究

文章分析了高校图书馆学科化知识服务现状,阐述学科化知识服务能力再造的必要性,提出再造学科化知识服务能力的五大实施方案,以期提高高校图书馆知识服务能力,实现为师生提供深层次、专业化、知识化、特色化的知识服务,推动高校学科建设与发展。     

The ideological significance of discursive form: A response to Solomon and Perkins

In responding to Solomon and Perkins, this article begins by noting that a significant change in rhetorical scholarship results from recognizing that speeches are not the only discursive forms that produce effect. It then examines the ideological significance of forms to illuminate the potential of feminist studies in order to identify elements of language that are ostensibly as neutral and opaque as discursive forms. The article contends that recognizing discursive form as active rather than passive gives full measure to its power and to the power of those who see through the conventions and deconstruct them. It also contends that recognizing the ideological significance of form has political as well as critical consequences. Furthermore, it shows that acknowledging the ideological qualities of form juxtaposes theory with analysis, history with subjectivity, and language with practice. The article concludes by noting that the potential for bringing about such juxtapositions in our field remains untapped.     

The memory of science: Inflation,myopia, and the knowledge network

Scientific production is steadily growing, exhibiting 4% annual growth in publications and 1.8% annual growth in the number of references per publication, together producing a 12-year doubling period in the total supply of references, i.e. links in the science citation network. This growth has far-reaching implications for how academic knowledge is connected, accessed and evaluated. Against this background, we analyzed a citation network comprised of 837 million references produced by 32.6 million publications over the period 1965–2012, allowing for a detailed analysis of the ‘attention economy’ in science. Our results show how growth relates to ‘citation inflation’, increased connectivity in the citation network resulting from decreased levels of uncitedness, and a narrowing range of attention – as both very classic and very recent literature are being cited increasingly less. The decreasing attention to recent literature published within the last 6 years suggests that science has become stifled by a publication deluge destabilizing the balance between production and consumption. To better understand these patterns together, we developed a generative model of the citation network, featuring exponential growth, the redirection of scientific attention via publications’ reference lists, and the crowding out of old literature by the new. We validate our model against several empirical benchmarks, and then use perturbation analysis to measure the impact of shifts in citing behavior on the synthetic system's properties, thereby providing insights into the functionality of the science citation network as an infrastructure supporting the memory of science.     

三种不同含义的“书”

本文是李零教授在北京大学中文系讲授《出土文献与学术源流》课程的第一讲,其余各讲本刊将陆续发表。     

数字环境下面向科研过程的个性化知识服务策略研究

文章针对科研工作不同阶段的工作目的和工作任务,分析科研过程中的知识服务需求,寻找面向科研过程的知识服务障碍因素,并从资源整合、团队服务、交流平台和信息素质教育方式创新四个方面提出个性化知识服务策略。     

知识、知识管理与网络信息知识服务

知识元是人的知识结构中的基本元素 ,它由信息元、经验、智慧和问题的解决四个方面共同复合而成。知识库应包括数据知识库、程序知识库和系统知识库三种类型。根据网络信息用户需求特点 ,知识服务应采取分级服务模式 ,遵循知识整合、信息析因和知识逼近原则。     

The economic crisis and the scientific,technical and cultural information services in Mexico

Certainly economic crises in the world of today are not the exclusive domain of any one country. At some time or other, nations throughout the world have suffered the effects of the economic problems. In this, Mexico is no exception. The Mexican crisis, the longest we have ever known, has brought problems that we are facing today.     

对科技期刊学术质量评估体系中参考文献构建指标的调查与研究

通过对我国38所高校自然科学版学报所载论文14717篇参考文献的调查与分析,得出如下结论:科技期刊学术质量评估体系中参考文献评估指标由近期文献引文率、核心期刊与经典专著引文率、外文文献引文率、中文文献引文率、篇均引文、无引文率等项内容所构建。另外,引文著录规范化率是否纳入评估指标体系之中,有待商讨。我们认为,为了全面提高科技期刊的学术质量,引文著录规范化问题理应引起科技期刊编辑的重视。如将此纳入评估体系中,首先必须确定出全国统一的科技期刊参考文献标准著录格式(目前标准不一致)。不然,评估既不合理,也缺乏可比性。     

论知识经济时代的知识信息服务

本文着重阐述了知识经济社会中图书馆知识信息服务产生的背景,知识信息服务的含义、特征以及高效知识信息服务的实现条件。     

基于知识链的图书馆知识管理框架构建

在对有关知识链的概念进行归纳的基础上，本文建立了图书馆的知识链模型，分析了各环节的功能，并把知识链和图书馆知识管理结合起来，构建了基于知识链的图书馆知识管理框架，通过知识链将图书馆知识管理所涉及的许多问题整合起来，层次清楚。