知识、知识管理与网络信息知识服务

知识元是人的知识结构中的基本元素 ,它由信息元、经验、智慧和问题的解决四个方面共同复合而成。知识库应包括数据知识库、程序知识库和系统知识库三种类型。根据网络信息用户需求特点 ,知识服务应采取分级服务模式 ,遵循知识整合、信息析因和知识逼近原则。     

The role of handbooks in knowledge creation and diffusion: A case of science and technology studies

Genre is considered to be an important element in scholarly communication and in the practice of scientific disciplines. However, scientometric studies have typically focused on a single genre, the journal article. The goal of this study is to understand the role that handbooks play in knowledge creation and diffusion and their relationship with the genre of journal articles, particularly in highly interdisciplinary and emergent social science and humanities disciplines. To shed light on these questions we focused on handbooks and journal articles published over the last four decades belonging to the research area of science and technology studies (STS), broadly defined. To get a detailed picture we used the full-text of five handbooks (500,000 words) and a well-defined set of 11,700 STS articles. We confirmed the methodological split of STS into qualitative and quantitative (scientometric) approaches. Even when the two traditions explore similar topics (e.g., science and gender) they approach them from different starting points. The change in cognitive foci in both handbooks and articles partially reflects the changing trends in STS research, often driven by technology. Using text similarity measures we found that, in the case of STS, handbooks play no special role in either focusing the research efforts or marking their decline. In general, they do not represent the summaries of research directions that have emerged since the previous edition of the handbook.     

Basic concepts of entropy, order, organization, information, knowledge, and meaning

The classical concept of entropy is shown not to reflect the essence of the second law of thermodynamics both phenomenologically and theoretically. A new concept of entropy, S _n , is given, which offers a particular physical meaning of entropy and provides an experimental determination of the entropy value. This allows one to avoid many attempts at defining the phenomenon of life via entropy characteristics and give definitions of life and an elementary structure of both life itself and devices that simulate life (automata, computers, and robots.). This, in turn, allows one to assign a substantive sense to the mathematical character of corresponding sciences (information theory, cybernetics, system theory, etc.) and define operational basic concepts of information, knowledge, meaning, and control, as well as to formulate operational concepts of order, organization, and self-organization and implement a new approach to problems of biology, biophysics, information theory, cybernetics, and system theory.     

Tattoo information creation: Towards a holistic understanding of tattoo information experience

The tattoo information experience reveals possibilities to explore how tattoo images are created as things, what actions lead to the creation of a tattoo image, who is considered a creator of a tattoo image, and how different personal, social and cultural contexts influence creation of information through the tattoo acquisition experience. Based on the findings from nine interviews, the process of tattoo information creation was conceptualized encompassing all stages of the tattoo experience: from the moment the first idea of getting a tattoo emerges to sharing of information about a tattoo. Participants' stories about their tattoo experiences were used to develop a framework of four key phases of tattoo information creation: conceptualizing, verbalizing, visualizing, and pluralizing. These phases occur between four anchors identified in the participants' stories: anticipation, identification, ideation, and creation. This framework can be used to assist future empirical and theoretical research on tattoo information experience.     

知识管理与竞争情报辨析

文章主要阐述了知识管理与竞争情报之间的关系。介绍了竞争情报与知识管理的概念内涵,重点辨析了二者之间的关联性和相异性,描述了知识管理和竞争情报在系统、企业竞争力和企业内部构建中的融合。     

论企业的信息管理与知识管理

本文阐述了企业的信息管理与知识管理的形成与发展特点以及两者之间的联系,分析了企业CIO与CKO的关系.     

关于知识、信息、图书馆基本职能的再思考

从宏观上论述了知识与信息的概念,重申图书馆的基本职能是知识服务(或服务于人类的文化素质),指出了图书馆界目前存在对"信息服务"与"知识服务"的两种模糊认识.     

The role of dyadic social capital in enhancing collaborative knowledge creation

Despite general agreement on the importance of social capital in individual knowledge creation, little is known concerning the role of dyadic social capital in collaborative knowledge creation. This study proposes a classification of dyadic social capital using two-dimensional matrix and investigates their roles in enhancing collaborative knowledge creation. It is found that the dyads who have strong dyadic tie strength while taking advantage of their dyadic bridging social capitals both in the ego network and global network come up with more high-impact knowledge. This study also challenges the statement that an inverted U-shaped relationship between dyadic tie strength and knowledge creation found in previous literatures, and indicates dyadic structure hole serving as effective moderating effect makes the quadratic effect disappear and catalyzes the strength of strong tie.     

Urban exploration: Secrecy and information creation and sharing in a hobby context

Urban exploration is a hobby that involves visiting and capturing visual images of urban infrastructure often no longer used, including sewers, towers, factories, and military instalments. Hobbyists then frequently share their visual content via social media sites. The urban explorer's multi-layered construction of content offers an important opportunity to understand how people create information and share experiences and content in a hobby context. Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews with 17 urban explorers from Ireland and the United Kingdom and an analysis of urban explorers' digital presence. Results suggest that urban explorers believe their hobby serves both personal and civic purposes. Urban explorers' creative hobby behaviors further lead them to secretive information behaviors.     

知识管理与图书情报学的关系

知识管理对图书情报学的发展产生了根本性的影响,知识管理的实施是图书情报 学创新和发展的需要。文章探讨了从信息管理到知识管理的演进及知识管理实施的内容,论 述了知识管理与图书情报学二者相互渗透和影响、相互促进和发展的关系。     

学术虚拟社区知识共享研究综述

学术虚拟社区已经成为科研工作者分享信息与知识的重要平台。论文对学术社区研究中关于学术社区的概念界定,学术社区知识共享的涵义,学术社区知识共享的成员构成、互动特征、共享行为的影响因素等内容进行综述,并对已有研究进行评析,以期为学术社区知识共享的未来研究提供启示。     

论情报学和知识管理的互动关系

本文在讨论情报学与知识管理的基础上 ,分析研究二者产生互动关系的条件 ,得出情报学与知识管理是相互影响、相互促进、相互带动发展的关系这一结论。     

论知识经济时代的知识信息服务

本文着重阐述了知识经济社会中图书馆知识信息服务产生的背景,知识信息服务的含义、特征以及高效知识信息服务的实现条件。     

Proximal advantage in knowledge diffusion: The time dimension

This paper intends to explore the impact of geographic proximity on the diffusion of knowledge in the form of publication citations, and argues that codified knowledge is transmitted faster in proximity and is subject to similar geographic constraints as tacit knowledge. The geographic proximity advantage would be particularly relevant in the early stage of dissemination. We collected three sets of research articles published in 1990, 2000 and 2010 and compared the longitudinal citations they received domestically and from abroad. The study found that domestic citations accumulate faster and reach their peak much earlier than foreign citations, and the difference is most evident in the first few years after publication. The result shows that geographic proximity does play a role in the speed of knowledge diffusion and points to the network effect for citations. Those located closer to the knowledge origin would be exposed and react to publications faster due to the additional opportunities of research exchange and network.     

关于利用信息创新未来的思考

充分利用信息是信息时代走向成功的捷径,图书馆为赢得读者提供优质的信息检索服务是发展的需要。图书馆员应具备的信息素质,帮助用户学会利用多种途径采集信息。     

The effect of citation behaviour on knowledge diffusion and intellectual structure

Citation behaviour is the source driver of scientific dynamics, and it is essential to understand its effect on knowledge diffusion and intellectual structure. This study explores the effect of citation behaviour on disciplinary knowledge diffusion and intellectual structure by comparing three types of citation behaviour trends, namely the high citation trend, medium citation trend, and low citation trend. The diffusion power, diffusion speed, and diffusion breadth were calculated to quantify knowledge diffusion. The properties of the global and local citation network structure were used to reflect the particular influences of citation behaviour on the scientific intellectual structure. The primary empirical results show that (a) the high citation behaviour trend could improve the knowledge diffusion speed for papers with a short citation history span. Additionally, the medium citation trend has the broadest diffusion breadth whereas the low citation behaviour trend might make the citation counts take off for papers with a long citation history span; (b) the high citation trend has a stronger influence and greater control over the intellectual structure, but this relationship is true only for papers with a short or normal citation history span. These findings could play important roles in scientific research evaluation and impact prediction.     

Organizational information creation through a design game: A sensemaking perspective

Information creation taking place in the use of an organizational design card game, Topaasia® is discussed. Using 18 video-recorded play sessions, the researchers analyzed the ways in which players make propositions based on cards and raise points or further development in the organization, as well as discuss contextual factors. The sessions were analyzed on topical turn-taking and by using the Systems Intelligence Inventory. Through these processes, the study shows the importance of breaking organizational communication genre conventions for the goal of revealing tacit information and for the creation of new information. The research thereby contributes to studies of organizational information creation and sensemaking.