癌症患者的预后与早期行为干预

癌症位居我国城市居民死亡原因的首位、农村居民死亡原因的第二位.癌症的发生、发展、预后与诸多因素密切相关,其中肥胖、吸烟、不合理的饮食、饮酒等不良的生活行为习惯是其主要和常见的危险因素,直接影响着癌症患者的生存质量及其预后.而早期有效的行为干预不仅能够改变癌症患者不健康的生活行为习惯,降低癌症的发病率,而且能够提高癌症患者的生存率和生活质量,降低致死率.     

蔬菜与防癌

据卫生部20世纪90年代统计,癌症在我国城市居民中死亡率占第一位,居农村人口死亡率第二位,癌症死亡占总死亡率的15%.近年来患癌症的年龄有年轻化趋势,如何预防癌症的发生、降低死亡率,俨然成为当今国民健康的重要课题.要防治癌症应多吃蔬菜和水果,下面就蔬菜与防癌的关系作进一步的探讨.     

癌症伴我二十五年

癌症,给人的印象是既熟悉又可怕。熟悉在于：它的总发病率在180／10万左右,也就是每10万人中有180个人患癌症,可以说癌症已经成为一种常见病和多发病;可怕在于：2010年,大约60万美国人、全世界超过700万人死于癌症。四分之一美国人、全球15％人口的死因归咎于癌症。不久前,卫生部部长陈竺在第21届世界抗癌大会发言中说,癌症已成中国居民第一死因,每年有180万人因此去世。我国癌症死亡率持续增长。当前的死亡率分别比上个世纪70年代和90年代增加83．1％和22．5％。     

世界征服癌症的新方法

癌症是造成人类死亡的五大疾病之一,在全世界52亿人口中,按每年计,约有700万人患癌症,500万人死于癌症,几乎每秒钟就有一名癌症患者死亡。我国目前12亿人口中,按每年计,约有150万人患癌症,110万人死于癌症。在死亡人数的排行榜上,死于癌症的列第二位。多年来,各国科学家为征服癌症进行了艰苦卓绝的探索。现在,虽然还不能说癌症可以根治,但下面的资料令人鼓舞。     

癌症患者的心理障碍及调理

癌症是威胁人类生命的恶性疾病之一.在我国癌症死亡率位居疾病死亡率的第二位.及时发现和掌握癌症患者的心理障碍,及时做好临床心理护理,可以促进治疗方案的实施,提高治疗效果.本文就各类癌症患者存在一个共性的心理障碍进行综合分析,并提出针对性的护理对策,改善生存质量,延长生存时间.     

癌症患者的日常自我护理

癌症已成为我国排在心脑血管疾病之后的第二大死因。癌症是杀手,谈癌色变。其实,癌症本身并不可怕,可怕的是人们缺乏正确的认识,缺乏乐观的态度,缺乏合理的治疗,缺乏正确的自我护理。实践表明,正确的自我护理是战胜癌症的重要保证,有利于促进患者早日康复,提高生活质量。     

癌症患者的日常自我护理

癌症已成为我国排在心脑血管疾病之后的第二大死因。癌症是杀手,谈癌色变。其实,癌症本身并不可怕,可怕的是人们缺乏正确的认识,缺乏乐观的态度,缺乏合理的治疗,缺乏正确的自我护理。实践表明,正确的自我护理是战胜癌症的重要保证,有利于促进患者早日康复,提高生活质量。     

癌的“脾性”

医学研究表明,癌症是有100多种类型的一大类疾病,其特征是机体异常细胞的恶性增殖和扩散。它可以发生于任何年龄和各个组织器官。人体有30亿万个细胞,每天有上百万个细胞在更新,其中一些细胞发生畸形突变,如果不能及时修复,就可能成为癌细胞。癌有七大特征：一、性凶顽：凶狠、顽固是癌的一大特征,也是它最主要属性之一。迄今为止,癌症是人类健康最凶恶的敌人,尚未找到征服它的可靠方法,据统计,我国每年约有100万人患癌症,70-80万人死于癌症,它已成为我国仅次于心血病的第二死因。二、生长快：癌症生长速度在各种病中是最快的…     

中国的"癌谱"正在接近发达国家

癌症严重地威胁着人类的健康.根据国家卫生部的统计,癌症是我国人口死亡的第二位原因.第一位是心、脑血管病,第二位就是癌症.如果将心血管和脑血管病分开来统计,癌症则位居第一.据估计,全世界每年新发的癌症病人有1 000万,每年死亡的癌症病人600万.在中国,估计每年新发现200万～230万癌症病人,每年死亡的癌症病人约120万～150万.     

方兴末艾的免疫型抗癌药物—多糖

随着工业高速发展和环境污染日益严重,导致全世界癌症患者逐年增多,死亡率上升。我国也不例外。以上海为例,每4个死亡者中就有1名死于癌症,癌症成为“生命的第一杀手”,使许多人谈癌色变。究其恐惧原因在于癌症难以治愈。现在治癌方法主要有3种:外     

抗肿瘤阳离子肽：特征、作用机制及展望

恶性肿瘤（癌症）是尚未被攻克的重大疾病之一,主要原因之一是临床上抗肿瘤药物效用不大．具有抗肿瘤活性的阳离子肽（CAP）主要结合肿瘤细胞膜并破坏膜结构,这是通过肽的正电荷与肿瘤细胞膜的负电荷之静电吸引来实现的．与传统化疗药物相比,绕过肿瘤细胞的耐药机制是CAP最突出的优势．本文对抗肿瘤肽的主要结构特征、抗肿瘤效果和抗肿瘤机制（以鲎素为例）进行了综述．作者认为,寻找靶向肿瘤干细胞的CAP对于治愈肿瘤具有特别重要的意义．另外,通过化学改构和新剂型研制,CAP将具有高靶向性和低毒性,给抗肿瘤药物开发提供新的动力．     

基于多任务学习模型的药物敏感性预测

目前基于建模的抗癌药物敏感性预测研究较多,但这些模型大多使用传统单任务学习模型。这种模型在解决复杂问题时需将问题拆分成单个子问题,忽略了各个子问题之间存在的关联,因而模型精度会受到影响。大多数药物敏感性预测模型仅使用了基因表达数据,忽略了基因突变、甲基化以及拷贝数等数据对药物敏感性预测的影响。结合上述数据,并考虑到不同药物之间可能存在的相似性,利用多任务学习方法共享任务之间的信息,对抗癌药物敏感性进行预测,预测的平均精度达到56%以上,较普通的Lasso模型提高了35%左右。同时,针对每种药物找出一些敏感的生物标志物,这些生物标志物可为癌症治疗提供指导。     

超声预处理番茄红素提取工艺的研究

番茄红素是一种具有防癌、抗癌活性的类胡萝卜素。针对兰州本地番茄,研究了不同的浸取液、提取时间、提取温度、提取次数、料液比等因素下的番茄红素提取效果,确定了较佳的提取工艺条件。     

Colorectal cancer, one entity or three

Understanding of the mechanism ofcolorectal carcinogenesis has been gaining momentum for some years on account of its high incidence and impact on the lives of individuals affected. Different genetic abnormalities have been found in colorectal cancers from different sites. For example, proximal colon cancer is usually related to the nucleotide instability pathway, as mi-crosatellite instability (MSI). However, distal colon cancer is usually associated with specific chromosomal instability (CIN). The development of cancer at the rectum, though similar to that at the colon, displays its own unique features. These differences might be partially attributed to different embryological development and physiological circumstances. Environmental factors such as diet and alcohol intake also differ in their role in the development of tumors in the three segments, proximal colon, distal colon, and rectum. "Proximal shift" of colon cancer has been known for some time, and survival rates of colorectal cancer are higher when rectal cancers are excluded, both of which emphasize the three different segments of colorectal cancer and their different proper-ties. Meanwhile, colonic and rectal cancers are distinctive therapeutic entities. The concept of three entities of colorectal cancer may be important in designing clinical trails or therapeutic strategies. However, the dispute about the inconsistency of data con-ceming the site-specific mechanism of colorectal carcinoma does exist, and more evidence about molecular events of carcino-genesis and targeted therapy needs to be collected to definitely confirm the conception.     

白藜芦醇抗肝癌作用研究进展

肝癌死亡率高、预后差,已经成为威胁人类健康的重要杀手之一。随着天然植物药回归的热潮,绿色抗肝癌植物药的研究越来越受到人们的关注。近年来,科学家们对天然抗肝癌药物进行了大量研究报道,白藜芦醇因其广泛的生物学活性,尤其是在癌症防治方面的突出效果而备受瞩目。白藜芦醇抗肝癌作用机理研究的不断深入,将为新型抗肝癌药物先导化合物的发现或研制提供科学依据。     

瑞香狼毒提取物作用于人肺癌细胞NCI-H446[H446]后端粒酶的定量表达

目的:通过端粒酶的数量变化来探讨瑞香狼毒提取物对肺癌细胞NCI-H446[H446]的抗肿瘤作用。方法:体外培养肺癌细胞NCI-H446[H446]细胞株,以不同浓度的瑞香狼毒提取物作用24h后,用荧光标记的方法定量检测端粒酶。结果:瑞香狼毒提取物作用人肺癌细胞提取物NCI-H446[H446]后,端粒酶的数量明显减少并呈现与剂量的正相关性。结论:瑞香狼毒提取物对肺癌细胞NCI-H446[H446]具有明显的抗肿瘤作用。     

BRCA1/2 associated hereditary breast cancer

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women today. Some of the patients are hereditary, with a large proportion characterized by mutation in BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 genes. In this review, we provide an overview of these two genes,focusing on their relationship with hereditary breast cancers. BRCA1/2 associated hereditary breast cancers have unique features that differ from the general breast cancers, including alterations in cellular molecules, pathological bases, biological behavior, and a different prevention strategy. But the outcome of BRCA1/2 associated hereditary breast cancers still remains controversial;further studies are needed to elucidate the nature of BRCA1/2 associated hereditary breast cancers.     

Induced pluripotent stem cell-related genes influence biological behavior and 5-fluorouracil sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells

Objective  

We aimed to perform a preliminary study of the association between induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)-related genes and biological behavior of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and the potential for developing anti-cancer drugs targeting these genes.     

Cytotoxicity of anti-tumor herbal <Emphasis Type="Italic">Marsdeniae tenacissimae</Emphasis> extract on erythrocytes

Marsdeniae tenacissimae extract (MTE) has been used as an adjuvant medicine for cancer therapy for a long time. Although massive studies demonstrated its considerable anti-cancer effect, there is no research on its influence on erythrocytes, which are firstly interacted with MTE in the circulation. To investigate the influence of MTE on erythrocytes, we used a flow cytometer to detect the MTE-treated alternations of morphology, calcium concentration, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in erythrocytes. We used hemolysis under different osmotic solutions to evaluate the fragility of erythrocytes. Data showed that MTE treatment dose-dependently increased the ratio of erythrocyte fragmentation (P<0.001) and shrinking, and elevated the forward scatter (FSC) value (P<0.001) and calcium accumulation (P<0.001). MTE induced ROS production of erythrocytes under the high glucose condition (P<0.01) and consequently caused a rise in fragility (P<0.05). These results suggest that MTE induces cytotoxicity and aging in erythrocytes in a dose-dependent manner, and presents the possibility of impairment on cancer patients’ circulating erythrocytes when MTE is used as an anti-cancer adjuvant medicine.     

Human cancer genetics

Cancer is a genetic disorder.Although heredi-tary cancers account for only a small fraction of all tumors,most cancers are caused by a variable mix of heredity and environment that leads to accumulations of genetic alterations and then uncontrolled cell pro-liferations(Kops et al.,2005).In addition,genetic alteration is one of the a few most important bio-logical factors that determine the diagnosis and prognosis of different cancers and dictate the treat-ment strategies for cancer patients.Fu…