The Personal Organization of Electronic Mail Messages in a Business Environment: An Exploratory Study

In the business world, electronic mail (e-mail) has emerged as a widely used communication tool for transmitting knowledge between managers. As a result, these messages will require organization should future access to this trapped knowledge be expected and desired. A manager's e-mail classification scheme should be logically constructed in anticipation of future need, but future need may be driven by the information needs of other people within the organization such as superiors or subordinates. This researcher explored the nature of e-mail classification and documented the emergence of a high utility, multi-stage, classification process. The resulting framework consists of four categories that help explain how managers classify business-related e-mail. The first category reflects the immediate needs of the manager and the behavior of establishing relationships between messages. The second category reflects the manager's use of the in-box as a crude task-manager. The third category aligns with the manager's interest in scanning the environment. The fourth category reflects the managers perceived future need for the captured knowledge. The subjects rejected automatic classification and preferred an enumerative scheme. The researcher illustrates how the results of this study align with Marco and Navarro's three stage cognitive process that leads to stored knowledge (On some contributions of the cognitive sciences and epistemology to a theory of classification, Knowledge Organization, 20(3), 126–132). The cognitive processes that underlie classification are an essential component in understanding knowledge organization and have remained in focus during this study.     

高校图书馆读者维权意识的觉醒及读者工作对策

对读者维权意识的觉醒和高校图书馆读者工作的冲突进行了分析,认为新形势下高校图书馆读者工作的转变主要有三点:领导观念更新、规章制度依法修订和馆员综合素质的提高。     

Framing Risk with Numbers: The Framing Effects of Risk Assertions and Number Formats on Emotions and Risk Perceptions

This study examines how risk assertions and relevant statistics presented in different number formats interact to influence emotional and cognitive outcomes. Experimental news stories present risk assertions that highlight either safety from or vulnerability to violent crime; these assertions are accompanied by crime statistics in absolute frequency, simple fraction, or percentage format. Although it may be tempting to assume that national statistics in absolute frequency format create a greater impression due to the sheer size of the numbers, our results show that only probability formats, including simple fractions and percentages, interact with assertions to generate amplified emotions. Furthermore, we find that negative emotions play a mediating role in producing pessimistic risk assessments. Our findings reveal how people process numerical information and its impact on emotional and cognitive responses. This article also discusses the empirical and methodological implications for framing research, as well as cognitive aspects of emotional reactions and the nature of emotional effects on risk perceptions.     

竞争环境扫描对企业竞争优势影响的实证研究

在构建竞争环境扫描对企业竞争优势影响的概念模型基础上,主要以电子信息行业企业为样本收集189份有效问卷,运用偏最小二乘法结构方程模型验证研究模型和假设关系,并通过实证分析探讨我国企业管理者如何更有效地开展行业环境扫描以保持企业的竞争优势,得出“管理者态度对管理扫描具有显著影响”以及“竞争环境扫描对企业竞争优势建立具有正向的显著影响”两点结论,从管理者视角出发为我国企业发展赢得竞争优势提供启示和思路.     

Issues in Collecting Post‐Soviet Crime Fiction in Academic Libraries

This article draws attention to a segment of the Russian literary market that is underrepresented in American research library collections, namely light popular fiction and particularly the titles that belong to the detektiv genre. The results of an informal survey of scholars and bibliographers are presented and collection patterns are briefly discussed. Following an exposition of the available collection development tools for Russian light fiction, the article concludes with a call for greater emphasis on collecting these materials in North American research libraries.     

Gender differences in research areas,methods and topics: Can people and thing orientations explain the results?

Although the gender gap in academia has narrowed, females are underrepresented within some fields in the USA. Prior research suggests that the imbalances between science, technology, engineering and mathematics fields may be partly due to greater male interest in things and greater female interest in people, or to off-putting masculine cultures in some disciplines. To seek more detailed insights across all subjects, this article compares practising US male and female researchers between and within 285 narrow Scopus fields inside 26 broad fields from their first-authored articles published in 2017. The comparison is based on publishing fields and the words used in article titles, abstracts, and keywords. The results cannot be fully explained by the people/thing dimensions. Exceptions include greater female interest in veterinary science and cell biology and greater male interest in abstraction, patients, and power/control fields, such as politics and law. These may be due to other factors, such as the ability of a career to provide status or social impact or the availability of alternative careers. As a possible side effect of the partial people/thing relationship, females are more likely to use exploratory and qualitative methods and males are more likely to use quantitative methods. The results suggest that the necessary steps of eliminating explicit and implicit gender bias in academia are insufficient and might be complemented by measures to make fields more attractive to minority genders.     

基于物元多级可拓模型的档案流转安全风险评价研究

文章通过分析EMS寄递高校毕业生档案的流转安全风险因素,首次全面、系统地构建了由4个一级指标和14个二级指标构成的EMS寄递高校毕业生档案流转安全风险评价指标体系,将AHP（层次分析法）与多级可拓理论有机结合,构建了EMS寄递高校毕业生档案的流转安全风险多级可拓评价理论模型。以西安某邮政速递物流有限公司为例,应用该理论模型对该企业EMS寄递高校毕业生档案的流转安全风险进行了实证评价研究,得出了该企业毕业生档案流转安全风险等级为Ⅱ级的评价结果,与企业实际安全状况相符。文章为我国高校毕业生档案流转安全风险评价提供一种方法,对于预防和控制EMS寄递高校毕业生档案的流转安全风险具有较强的实用性,也为我国高校毕业生档案流转安全的深入研究提供参考。     

事件视角的图书馆发展风险研究

[目的/意义]分析典型的风险事件,为科学规制图书馆发展风险提供参考。[研究设计/方法]应用案例分析、文献调研方法,以图书馆发展的关键风险因素为基础,研究了风险事件的形成及相关风险因素的作用机制。[结论/发现]资源、用户、服务、管理、环境是形成图书馆发展风险的关键因素,风险因素的关联、叠加、迭代变化可能导致风险的放大、扩散和突变等效应,引发风险事件。[创新/价值]分析了图书馆发展风险事件的形成机理;面向未来发展,提出防范图书馆发展风险的规制思路。     

From scraps to reams to mobile screens? An update on printing services in academic libraries

As a follow-up to their 2001/2002 study on printing services in academic libraries, the authors explore how the provision of printing services has changed over the last twelve years. This article explores how libraries are choosing to fund printing services as well as how technology, such as scanning and mobile devices, has changed the way printing services are provided. The results of the 2013 survey find a greater percentage of libraries are using a fee-based system for printing, and, while some technology is providing greater data and control for printing services, other technological advances are having unintended consequences for libraries’ printing infrastructure.     

基于前景理论的信息搜索有限理性特征研究

[目的/意义] 依据前景理论的核心内容,深入探究信息搜索的有限理性特征,试图深入揭示用户信息搜索过程中的决策行为规律,为精准分析、评估与预测信息搜索用户行为提供理论指导与方法支持。[方法/过程] 在阐述前景理论核心内容的基础上,采用调查与统计分析方法,以验证用户信息搜索的参照依赖、风险偏好逆转、损失规避、敏感度递减及框架效应。[结果/结论] 用户的信息搜索有限理性行为符合前景理论特征：用户在信息搜索时,存在效率与效果两方面的参照依赖,且面临获利前景时,有风险规避倾向,而面临损失前景时,有风险追求倾向;延迟比提前完成任务的感受更剧烈,符合损失规避特性,且越远离参考点,决策者感受边际变化越少,具有敏感度递减特性;同时,框架效应明显,呈现出正框架风险避免和负框架风险寻求特征。这为利用前景理论进行用户信息搜索行为解释与预测提供了实验证明。     

The Art of Crafting Music Score Approval Plans: An Ongoing Process

Although approval plans have long been an accepted tool for monographic collection development, they have seen comparatively slow adoption for music scores. This slow adoption is mirrored by a relative dearth of literature about music score approval plans. At a time when changes in the financial and publishing landscape are having a profound impact on collection development practices and current trends in organizational restructuring are placing greater demands on librarians' time, the need for contemporary discussion of approval plans is that much greater. This article discusses the ups and downs of one library's foray into music score approval plans.     

公共卫生事件中的风险感知和风险传播模型研究——兼论疫情严重程度的调节作用

本文以新型冠状病毒肺炎健康危机为例,运用量化研究的方法,研究公众的风险感知、风险传播行为的特点,以及疫情严重程度对上述二者关系的调节作用。研究发现:(1)风险信息、疫情严重程度主要通过风险感知对公众的风险传播行为起作用,风险感知是该模型中多个因素对传播行为发挥作用的重要中介变量;(2)疫情严重程度对公众的风险感知和传播行为的调节作用部分被证实:疫情严重程度不同地域的公众对风险感知和参与风险传播的行为存在显著差异,且主要存在于疫情较严重和疫情最严重地域的公众之间。     

Big Changes Needed: Where to Find the Money?

This article discusses ways that librarians can find the money to make big changes within their organizations. The article discusses strategic planning, metrics, and greater operating efficiencies as sound management methods to obtain the funding to make important changes in tight financial times. The piece has a practical tone addressed to library leaders and to practitioners who are asked to make significant changes in a lean economy.     

Government information policy research: Importance, approaches, and realities

Information policy research is a critical tool in the arsenal of library and information science researchers. As developments occur in information access, use, technology, and management, information policies require more attention and research. The article describes the nature of government information policy and policy research, characteristics of policy research, and examples of research methods and approaches that can be used. The differences between textbook-based policy research and how policy research might be implemented in action are also discussed, as are the inter-connectedness of information policies and ways to describe impacts of information policies. The article recommends that researchers and professionals give greater education, training, and professional association attention to using policy research on a day-to-day basis.     

Pillow Talk and Cognitive Decision-making Processes: Exploring the Influence of Orgasm and Alcohol on Communication after Sexual Activity

This study explores individuals' postcoital disclosures by investigating the role of orgasm and alcohol on communication after sexual activity over a two-week period. Assessments of the risks and benefits of disclosing were expected to influence the associations among orgasm, alcohol, and postcoital communication. The results revealed that individuals who orgasmed perceived greater benefits to disclosing to their partners after sexual activity. They also disclosed more positively valenced information and information of greater magnitude compared to those who did not orgasm, although risk–benefit assessments did not mediate this relationship. Additionally, the more alcohol individuals consumed, the fewer benefits they assessed to disclosing, the less deep and positively valenced their disclosures were, and the more unintentional they were in their disclosures. Similarly, the relationship between alcohol and the dimensions of disclosure was not mediated by risk–benefit assessments. Finally, individuals who consumed more alcohol and did not orgasm disclosed less positively valenced information than individuals who consumed less alcohol and did not orgasm across occasions. The implications of these findings for couples' communication and future research on the postcoital time interval are discussed.     

E-parliament: Opening the door

Parliaments around the world are becoming aware that they, and the individual members of the parliament, can use digital technologies to support greater engagement with citizens and their communities. This article reports on communication patterns of the Parliament of Australia and the community, the potential of Web 2.0 to increase engagement and accountability and research with the Australian community and members of the parliament on information needs for a new website implementing interactivity.     

Patron Expectations About Collocation

Library patrons have innate expectations about how documents should be arranged. Useful classification schemes are those which conform to these expectations and are thereby psychologically comfortable. All schemes necessarily deviate from these expectations, but not to the same degree. The greater the divergence from this mental standard with a scheme, the greater the psychological discomfort the patron will experience and the less useful the patron will find it. Using as an example the discipline of anthropology, this article develops a measure of the deviation of library classifications from collocation in mental space.     

When the Gates Swing Open: Examining Network Gatekeeping in a Social Media Setting

This study draws on the concept of network gatekeeping to examine the ways in which organizations have adapted the processes of gatekeeping to respond to the collaborative, communicative power of users upon which they are exercising their gatekeeping authority. Through a case study of the unprecedented “Social Suite” provided for social media-using fans of Major League Baseball's Cleveland Indians, this article explores the methods the gatekeeper has used to both subvert and reinforce its traditional role. Gatekeepers are found to extend their authority into networked realms by allowing for greater access, freedom, and relationship while applying more subtle gatekeeping filters, and the Social Suite's users play a role as active, though gated, participants in the gatekeeping process. The findings of this article expand on current gatekeeping research to address the fluid, emerging roles of gatekeepers and gated communities within networked environments.