浅谈如何在速算中培养数感

《数学课程标准》在总体目标中提出要使学生"经历运用图形和数学符号描述现实世界的过程,培养数感和符号感"。数感的形成本身是一个潜移默化的过程,需要教师在日常教学中有目的地引导学生通过观察、体验、操作、反思等活动,培养灵敏的数感,为学好数学打下良好的基础。因此,培养小学生数感是项重要的任务。怎样培养数感呢?本文就简单谈谈教师如何在小学数学速算中培养学生数感。     

数感,是如何丰满起来的

在小学数学中,不论专家还是教师,经常会提到数感及数感的培养。但是,在具体教学中,数感是什么,数感如何培养,还是十分模糊。本文在小学数学的范围内来讨论:数感是什么;作为一种重要的数学素养,数感是如何丰满起来的。学生在学前阶段,数概念就有了飞速的发展,主要表现为会数数了,或会计数了。在小学里,数感培养的基础就是学生的数数。大致看来,学生在学习分数、小数之前,经历了三个阶段数感一:数字、位值、数级     

小学生数感培养的研究

培养学生的数感,需要教师用心地教,有意识地去渗透、去引导、去带领,也需要学生在生活实际中去不断地运用、积累与提升。本文主要从结合生活,感知数感;估算教学,培养数感;计算迁移,养成数感;项目研究,纵横数感几个方面,阐述培养学生数感的教学方法,让数感为更好的学习方式服务。     

以数感培养奠定基石——数感培养在小学数学幼小衔接阶段中的可行路径

数感是理解数、理解抽象和具体之间关系的能力,对学生数学学科的学习具备极强的影响作用。在具备数感的情况下,学生能够以更快的速度理解教师对数学知识的讲解,促使教师的教学效率和教学质量得到同步提升。而幼小衔接阶段作为学生成长发展的重要阶段,也是培养学生数感的关键时期。基于此,文章从数感内涵分析、数感培养的重要原则、强调幼小衔接的重要意义出发,探寻数感培养在小学数学幼小衔接阶段中的可行路径,致力于以数感培养奠定基石。     

如何培养山区小学生的“数感”

<正>"数感"位居新课程中"六个核心概念"之首。"数感"是指对数的含义、数的计算技能、数的顺序大小、数的多种表达方法、数的模式、数的运算及结果的准确感知和理解等。教师肩负着培养学生数感的重任,教师应在不断的数学教学活动中,让学生在对数的充分感知、感应和感受中,培养学生的数感。一、创设教学环境,培养学生数感     

在小学低年级数学教学中培养学生的数感

把培养学生的数感作为一个重要学习目标,教学中坚持以教材为本,挖掘培养学生数感的素材,通过估算,创设培养学生数感的情境,实践补充,提供培养学生数感的机会.学生数感的形成是一个长期的过程,是一个潜移默化的过程,在实际教学过程中,教师要结合具体的教学内容,创设数学活动,让学生在具体的问题情境中去感受、体验数量及数量之间的关系,有效地促进学生数感的发展和数学素养的提高.     

小议怎样帮助低年级学生发展“数感”

低年级是发展学生数感的关键期,培养低年级学生的数感特别重要。数感的形成是一个潜移默化的过程,需要教师在教学中有目的地引导学生通过体验、捕捉、操作、反思等活动,培养学生敏锐的数感,为学好数学打下良好的基础。     

数学教学中如何培养学生的数感

培养学生的数感是小学数学教学的重要任务。数感的培养不是一蹴而就的,需要教师长期对学生进行有意识的培养。数学课堂中,教师可从认真观察学习、注重日常训练、解决实际问题三个角度进行教学,使学生形成良好的数感,获得不同的发展。     

紧扣学科特点有效培养学生数感的研究

数感是学生对数与数量、数量关系、运算结果等方面的感悟,是学生对数学的直接感觉,良好的数感能帮助学生更好地理解数学、应用数学解决问题。教师要紧扣学科特点,有效培养学生的数感。文章从联系生活经验,有效培养学生的数感;巧借数的运算,有效培养学生的数感;开展实践活动,有效发展学生的数感三个方面进行阐述。     

在小学数学教学中培养学生的数感

数感是一种主动的、自觉的或自动化的理解数和运用数的态度与意识,是一种基本的数学素养,它是建立明确的数概念和进行计算等数学活动的基础。因此,教师要在教学中培养学生的数感,应做到帮助学生在体验感悟中培养数感,在动手实验中培养数感,在估算中培养数感,在游戏活动中培养数感。     

Strategies of Number Sense in Pre-service Secondary Mathematics Teachers

This paper presents some results of an investigation on the number sense of a group of pre-service secondary teachers from Spain. The objective of this research was to analyze students’ use of strategies associated to number sense and compare them with those obtained in a previous study with pre-service primary teachers in Taiwan, (Yang, Reys & Reys, International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 7, 383–403, 2009). Pre-service secondary teachers showed lower success than pre-service primary teachers in a number sense test. Nevertheless, these last based their reasoning mainly on rules and algorithms, while pre-service secondary teachers used more strategies of number sense. In an attempt to delve into the low success shown by of Spanish pre-service secondary teachers, some students were interviewed. Those interviews showed that a deeper work on number sense in the training of these students is needed.     

Advanced skills teachers: professional identity and status

The teaching profession continues to struggle with defining itself in relation to other professions. Even though public opinion positions teachers second only to doctors and nurses in terms of their professional status and prestige research in the UK suggests that teachers still believe that they have much lower status than other professions. With teacher job satisfaction considerably lower today than the past and on-going issues with teacher recruitment and retention, new government policies have set out to enhance the status of teachers both within and outside of the profession. The Advanced Skills Teacher (AST) grade was introduced in 1998 as a means to recognise and reward teaching expertise and was framed as a way of also raising the status of the teaching profession. As to what a teaching professional should look like, the AST was in many ways positioned as the embodiment. Using survey data from 849 ASTs and in depth interviews with 31, this paper seeks to explores the ways that the AST designation impacts or not on teachers’ perceptions of their professional identity. In particular, the paper considers whether such awards contribute in positive ways to a teacher’s sense of professional identity and status. The results from the research suggest that teaching grades that recognise and reward teaching excellence do contribute in important ways to a teachers’ professional identity via an increased sense of recognition, reward and job satisfaction. The results from this research also suggest that recognising the skills and expertise of teachers is clearly important in supporting teacher retention. This is because as it allows highly accomplished teachers to remain where they want to be and that is the classroom.     

中学教师职业倦怠特点研究

以340名中学教师为研究对象,以"教师职业倦怠问卷"为研究工具,对教师职业倦怠问题进行了研究。研究发现,中学教师职业倦怠并不严重,成就感较高,中学女教师情感枯竭维度显著高于男教师,专科组教师情感枯竭维度与成就感维度均显著高于本科组教师,教龄因素对职业倦怠各维度均有非常显著的作用。     

小学高年级数学应用题有效教学策略探究

教师作为引导学生主动探究学习的“指路人”,应当把实现数学课堂有效教学、培养学生综合学习能力作为一项基本的教学目标。尤其是小学高年级学生,他们已经具备基础的数学运算能力,因此教师要进一步提高他们的数学学习能力,为后续的数学学习道路夯实基础。本文将浅谈如何更好地进行小学高年级数学应用题有效教学。     

Attitudes of Secondary School STEM Teachers towards Supervising Research and Design Activities

Research and design activities are important focus points in international policies for secondary Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education. It is up to school teachers to implement and supervise these activities in the STEM classroom. However, not much is known about the attitudes teachers hold towards supervising research projects or design projects. In this study, a questionnaire to measure teacher attitudes towards supervising research activities and design activities in secondary school was completed by 130 Dutch teachers who taught the relatively new Dutch STEM subjects O&O (research and design) and NLT (nature, life, and technology). These integrated STEM subjects are project and context based and are taught in a limited number of schools. Important differences between these integrated STEM subjects are their student and teacher populations: NLT is taught in grades 10–12 by teachers with a qualification in a science subject, while O&O is taught in grades 7–12 and can be given by any teacher in secondary school. The results showed that on average, both O&O and NLT teachers had high self-efficacy scores on supervising research and design projects even when they had received no special education in doing so. Furthermore, the teachers in general viewed supervising research projects as a more relevant activity than supervising design. Since research and design activities are becoming more important in (inter)national curriculum standards, STEM teacher education and subsequent professional development should not only familiarize teachers with supervising research projects, but with design projects as well.

     

浅谈对一年级儿童"写话"的启蒙

对低年级儿童“写话”的启蒙注重培养学生的兴趣和自信。锻炼学生“我口说我心 ,我手写我说”,放开一切束缚 ,自由表达 ,鼓励每个学生都有表达的欲望 ,都能说出自己的心里话 !首先要对学生降低要求 ,以鼓励为主 ,激发学生兴趣。然后做到及时表扬 ,树立自信 ,帮学生产生成就感。还要做学生真正的朋友 ,让学生“敢说敢写”。最后 ,教师要做好适时的指导 ,正确的引导 ,给学生掌好舵     

Number Sense Strategies Used by Pre-Service Teachers in Taiwan

This study examined number sense strategies and misconceptions of 280 Taiwanese pre-service elementary teachers who responded to a series of real-life problems. About one-fifth of the pre-service teachers applied number sense-based strategies (such as using benchmarks appropriately or recognizing the number magnitude) while a majority of pre-service teachers relied on rule-based methods. This finding is consistent with earlier studies in Taiwan that fifth, sixth, and eighth grade students tended to rely heavily on written methods rather than using number sense-based strategies. This study documents that the performance of pre-service elementary teachers on number sense is low. If we want to improve elementary students’ knowledge and use of number sense, then action should be taken to improve the level of their future teachers’ number sense.     

对当代教师职业形象的内部关照

当代教师的职业形象表现出理想与现实的严重悖离。教师职业形象研究应改变传统思路，立足于现实，关照其内在精神——专业意识、职业动机、职业效能感、职业满意感、职业美感等，从而在教师专业化进程中实现教师职业的社会价值与自身价值的同构。     

关于欠发达地区农村小学教师教学能力的调查

本调查以农村小学校长,各市、区和县小学教研室教师,农村小学教师及小学高年级学生为调查对象,就农村小学教师的教学能力进行调查。调查方式采用问卷、访谈、随机听课等方式,取得了第一手资料,并分析调查结果,结论是:农村小学教师教学能力有待于提高。     

浅谈《数学广角》对学生创新意识的培养

"数学广角"是人教版小学数学课标教材特有的单元,它在教材里占的比例不大,但其有可供挖掘的空间无限,笔者从把握教材内容和教学实践两方面,就如何培养学生创新意识对其进行挖掘.