体育产业背景下社会体育专业人才培养的思考

随着全民体育运动理念的不断深入,人民群众逐渐意识到体育锻炼的重要性,这不仅是体育产业发展的机遇,同样也是体育产业发展的新挑战,对此我们在新时代体育产业发展背景下,应加强对社会体育专业人才的培养,推动体育产业的稳健发展,从而促进体育消费的增长。加强对社会体育专业人才的培养是新时代下对体育教育提出的新需求,对此我们在对体育人才的培养中要充分结合体育产业的发展前景和市场,从多元化角度加强对社会体育应用型高级服务人才的培养。     

泉州侨乡体育专业人才市场现状与需求

就泉州市体育教育人才、社会体育人才、体育管理与经营人才的现状与需求进行了调查分析。结果表明：提高现有体育教育人才的质量和补充高素质体育教育人才是落实学校体育健康第一指导思想的需要；培养具有专业知识和技能的社会体育指导员队伍是社会体育发展的需要；精通体育管理与经营的体育人才是泉州市体育产业健康持续发展的需要。     

负利率时代我国体育产业发展的SWOT分析

采用文献资料法、比较分析法及逻辑分析法,基于SWOT模型,分析负利率时期中国体育产业发展的优势因素、劣势因素、机会因素和威胁因素,并将这4个因素交叉分析,为负利率时代中国体育产业的发展提供建议。结果表明:体育产业在政策支持与国民经济持续发展的状况下,有广阔的发展空间。然而体育产业总量仍偏小,产业结构不均衡,体育人口数量偏低造成体育产业发展面临困境。负利率时代为体育产业的进一步发展带来机遇和挑战,对此提出培养体育消费习惯、产业布局优化调整、全面提升体育文化的建议。     

高校体育产业培养人才的战略探究

随着人们对体育活动的关注,体育产业也得到了迅猛发展,与此同时,为了给国家和社会培养更多的体育人才,各大体育高校针对现今的体育发展状况进行战略分析。本文主要对当今高校体育产业中人才的培养现状和出现的问题进行了简要分析,并根据实况提出了一些战略措施。     

美国体育产业的发展及其启示

运用数理统计等方法分析当代美国体育产业发展及对中国的启示.美国体育产业具有发展速度超前、政府积极扶持、主体产业突出、体育产业潜力巨大、对相关产业关联度大以及增加就业、促进个人收入及社会经济增长等特点.美国体育产业给中国体育产业的启示:应制定和完善体育产业发展需要的管理体制;发展主体产业,形成支柱性优势,形成品牌与核心价值;利用大型运动会等契机增加体育人口,推进体育消费;加快推进相关产业开发,提高我国体育企业国际竞争力;建立和完善以国家投入为主体的体育投融资机制;加强体育产业队伍的建设,培养体育产业专门人才.     

体育市场发展的动力机制

对体育市场发展的动力条件和动力依据进行了阐述,提出体育能力系统的内外因是体育产业及市场发展的动力条件;人的“需要递进规律”是体育产业及市场发展的动力依据;体育产业及市场的发展需要社会的进一步发展;体育产业及体育市场的良性发展必须依靠国家的宏观调控。     

建设体育强国背景下体育经济重要地位及其发展策略

加强体育强国建设属于我国持续发展的重要策略,研究怎样有效提升现存国内体育产业的改革创新,建立健全国内体育产业的可持续发展是极为重要的,其不仅可以有效解决人们不断增长的体育生活需求,同时也是实现国内体育产业发展转型、结构优化、推广普及和响应国家号召的重要方式。对此,为了进一步推进体育强国,本文简要分析探讨在国内兴起建设体育强国情况下,体育经济本身在其中起到的作用于相应的地位,并为未来的体育事业与体育经济的发展提供相应的发展策略规划,旨在希望可以为相关工作者提供帮助。     

体育院校设置体育产业管理专业的构想

高级体育产业余济管理人员的严重匮乏，已经成为体育产业深入发展的瓶颈。在体育院校开设体育产业管理专业，培养适应体育事业和社会发慌急需的高级专业人才，既能满足体育职业化，市场化、产业化发慌的迫切需要，又是体育院自身改革与发展面临的挑战难得的机遇。介绍了体育产业管理专业的培养目标与人才培养规格模式及课程设置。     

体育产业经营人才多元化培养模式理论探析

我国体育产业具备广阔的市场和开发潜力,但其发展尚存在许多制约因素,其中最为根本的就是体育产业经营人才短缺。从体育产业的分类及市场对人才需求的细化角度出发,探讨体育产业经营人才培养的多元化模式,提出专业体育院校培养、综合院校体育产业MBA培养及体育高级项目培训的思路,以期对我国高层次体育人才的培养提供借鉴。     

我国体育产业发展策略分析

探讨国际金融危机对国内外体育产业的影响及金融危机中我国体育产业发展的应对策略:充分调动各方面的积极性,发展体育产业;积极培育体育健身娱乐市场;大力发展体育竞赛表演市场;大力培养体育经营管理人才,加强体育产业队伍的建设;扶持体育用品的生产和经营,发展体育相关产业;因地制宜地开展体育系统的多种经营活动;加大体育产业在资本市场的融资力度;加大对体育事业的投入,进一步扩大就业;制定和完善体育经济政策,为体育产业的发展提供必要的政策支持.     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.