试论加拿大英语的语言特色

作为英语的地域性变体,加拿大英语继承了许多英国英语的语言特征,并受到美国英语的巨大影响,但加拿大英语同英国英语、美国英语等有着截然不同的语言发展历史和演变历程,体现的语言特征也有许多独特性,它反映了加拿大上百年的文化、历史和社会特定涵义。加拿大英语经过了上百年的发展已经成为了一种独特的英语变体和语言现象,因此有必要对其进行详细研究。     

19世纪的英国移民与加拿大英语

加拿大是一个主要由近代移民及其后裔建立和组成的国家。在移民中英国移民占绝大多数，这对加拿大英语的形成和发展产生了直接和重要的影响。本文研究了近代英国移民与加拿大英语的关系，对加拿大英语的语音、词汇、语法、方言等分别论述，从而阐述了加拿大英语的特点及发展规律。     

在中学英语课中适当介绍美语

在过去三百年左右的时间里,英国英语(British English)和美国英语(American Elglish)都发生了很大的变化。社会在发展,语言也必然随之发展。变化了的英国英语和美国英语各有其不容忽视的特点。在中学英语教学中结合教材,适当介绍一些美国英语的特点,可使学生粗知英国英语和美国英语的异同,为他们今后学习和使用英语提供方便。本文试就中学英语课本的部份内容,谈谈个人的肤浅体会。     

加拿大英语语音的形成及其特征

加拿大英语是英国英语的重要变体之一，它来源于英国英语，但是由于加拿大所处的地理位置及政治、经济、文化等方面与英国存在的差异，尤其是迥然不同的历史发展道路，使加拿大英语同英国英语产生了差别。在语音方面．加拿大英语保留了１７、１８世纪英国英语的发音习惯；某些单词的发音是加拿大人所独有的；加拿大英语的语音受到英国英语和美国英语的双重影响。本文试图从以上几方面，揭示加拿大英语语音的形成及特征。     

美国英语词汇特点研究

通过研究发现,美国英语词汇具有保守与创新两方面的特点.保守性主要体现在继续沿用英国英语的旧词;其创新性体现在广泛吸收外来词、赋旧词以新意、自创新词和词缀.掌握美国英语词汇的这两个特点,可以提高我们实际运用英语的能力,增强跨文化意识.     

现代英语发展走向之探讨

现代英语在传播的过程中正在发生广泛而深刻的变化,其基本走向可概括为五个方面。一是全球化,目前越来越多国家的人正在学习和使用英语;二是本土化,各种英语变体如雨后春笋般出现;三是多极化,加拿大英语、印度英语继英国英语、美国英语之后逐渐登上舞台;四是中国化,中国式英语已成为不能回避的话题;五是一元化,这将是英语发展的必然结果。     

从历史沿革和移民构成看加拿大英语的归属

在英语国别研究中,加拿大英语是国际英语变体的一个重要组成部分。本文从历史沿革和移民地理分布的角度,分析了加拿大的移民构成,从而从民族根源上探讨了加拿大英语与英国英语、美国英语之间的联系与变异,提出加拿大英语事实上是以英国英语为基础并在美国英语日益强盛的影响下形成的一种具有加拿大特色的英语。     

加拿大走向独立之路

加拿大通过19世纪30-40年代的改革运动、1867年自治领的建立、1914年参加第一次世界大战和战后外交活动,取得了主权国家的地位。本文从加拿大和英国两方面分析加拿大通过非暴力方式取得独立的原因。在指出其具有保守性的同时,对这一典型的宪政道路的价值给予充分的肯定。     

浅论美国英语与英国英语发音差异

美国英语起源于17和18世纪的英国英语,老的区域性方言的各种特征在美国都重新结合和重新定形。发音方面的差异与其他方面一样,当代美国英语丢失了某些英国英语所保持的特征,同时又保持了某些英国英语丢失了的特征。美国英语既有保守性的一面又有创造性的一面。     

英美词汇差异及教学启示

英国英语和美国英语在词汇方面存在四种类型的差异,这些差异的产生,是由历史因素、语言本身的保守性和创新性、以及两个国家各自的科技文化发展引起的。英美词汇差异,也对英语教学带来了一定的启示作用。     

Attitudes and Cultural Background and Their Relationship to English in a Multicultural Social Context: the case of male and female Arab immigrants in Canada [1]

This study investigated the relationship between attitudes and cultural background of 52 eighth‐grade Arab students in Canada and their reading comprehension of texts with English and Arabic content. An attitudes questionnaire, semi‐structured interviews and stories with cultural content in Arabic and English were used. Contrary to predictions made by schema theory, students scored higher whenever they read texts in English, their second language, regardless of cultural content. The multicultural reality of Canada seems to have provided students from different ethnic background with wide‐ranging cultural knowledge to cope successfully with unfamiliar cultural stories presented to them in the English language. Furthermore, gender differences were found among the Canadian Arab students with regard to the type of attitudes that motivated them to study English: male students showed predominantly instrumental attitudes, while females showed predominantly integrative attitudes towards learning English and becoming integrated into Canadian society. It is concluded that sociopsychological models of second‐language (L2) learning should be expanded to take into consideration gender differences and the gains that females coming from conservative societies start to achieve by learning the language of the host country and by integrating into its society.

     

自主学习背景下的加拿大ESL阅读教学窥探

加拿大ESL阅读教学着力培养学生的英语综合技能,促进学生自主学习能力的发展,并通过学用结合的多样化互动教学活动推动学生的语言发展和提高他们的英语应用能力。因此,探究加拿大ESL阅读教学的教学思路、活动方式以及主要特色,对我们的大学英语教学是有一定裨益的。     

ENGLISH LINGUISTICS AND THE NON‐BRITISH TELEVISION PROGRAMME

The paper deals with the potential use for research and for teaching of the non‐British (i.e. American, Canadian, Australian and New Zealand) programmes and series currently being shown on British television screens. Potential projects are outlined in the areas of sociolinguistics and dialectology, and the potential of television as a tool for research into English language generally is discussed. Examples of the types of series that would lend themselves to linguistic research of this nature are noted, and the availability of programmes from the various nations is discussed. Recommendations are made about the future of the English language and the use of television in English language research in the future.     

基于高职院校英语教学的B-SLIM教学模式的研究

B-SLIM是加拿大奥兰卡·毕拉希博士创立的语言引导模式,对英语二语教学和学习具有极高的指导和借鉴意义。针对我国高职院校英语教学所存在的问题和难点,结合我国大学英语教学的特点,就B-SLIM在高职院校英语教学中的应用进行了探讨,以期对高职院校英语教学具有一定的促进和借鉴意义。     

Still on the Margins: Migration,English Language Learning,and Mental Health in Immigrant Psychiatric Patients

This qualitative study explores the reflexive relationships among mental illness, acculturation, and progress toward English proficiency in five adult immigrants being treated at a Canadian psychiatric hospital. The research explores the additional challenges faced by mentally ill individuals when learning a new language and the extent to which English language acquisition may be impeded by factors related to mental illness. Semistructured ethnographic interviews are conducted with the patients. Data analysis is accomplished through grounded theory methods, specifically data-driven and theory-driven coding. The English language acquisition experiences of these five individuals are contrasted with second-language acquisition theory to suggest that the effects of the theoretical language learning advantages possessed by this group may have been diminished by factors related to mental illness. Policy recommendations are made to address this additional set of challenges for immigrants with psychiatric disorders.     

Metacognitive online reading strategy use: Readers' perceptions in L1 and L2

This study aimed to explore whether first‐language (L1) readers of different language backgrounds would employ similar metacognitive online reading strategies and whether reading online in a second language (L2) could be influenced by L1 reading strategies. To this end, 52 Canadian college students as English L1 readers and 38 Iranian university students as both Farsi L1 and English L2 readers were selected. After completing three reading tasks on the Web, their perceptions about their use of strategies were assessed via a survey of reading strategies. Analyses of the data, using an analysis of variance and the Scheffé post hoc test, revealed certain differences. The Canadian readers perceived themselves to be high‐strategy users employing mostly a top‐down approach, whereas the Iranian readers in both Farsi and English appeared to be medium‐strategy users, favouring mostly a bottom‐up approach. Additionally, the correlation between readers' perceived use of strategies and their reading scores was statistically significant.     

Teaching sociology of education in Canada: a comparative study of the two solitudes

This study aims to contribute to the fields of sociology of education and Canadian sociological teaching. English and French Canadian sociology of education course outlines were systematically analysed in order to assess how national context, language and internal divisions influence the undergraduate teaching of sociology of education. The findings indicate that: (1) identity and national questions are solely discussed in French Canada, (2) English Canada is experiencing a split between mainstream and critical approaches and (3) required readings parallel the national linguistic divide between English and French. In addition, there is no consensual ‘core’ for Canadian sociology of education curriculum and inequality is the most covered topic in the field. Mutual intellectual exchange between English and French sociologists, a relevant discussion about a core in the field and a better integration of under taught topics are proposed to move forward. The implications and significance of these findings are also discussed.     

Modeling Passing Rates on a Computer-Based Medical Licensing Examination: An Application of Survival Data Analysis

The purpose of this article was to model United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 2 passing rates using the Cox Proportional Hazards Model, best known for its application in analyzing clinical trial data. The number of months it took to pass the computer-based Step 2 examination was treated as the dependent variable in the model. Covariates in the model were: (a) medical school location (U.S. and Canadian or other), (b) primary language (English or other), and (c) gender. Preliminary findings indicate that examinees were nearly 2.7 times more likely to experience the event (pass Step 2) if they were U.S. or Canadian trained. Examinees with English as their primary language were 2.1 times more likely to pass Step 2, but gender had little impact. These findings are discussed more fully in light of past research and broader potential applications of survival analysis in educational measurement.     

Monoculturalism in transition: The educational implications and opportunities of finnish internationalization

A lecturer in English language at the Department of Teacher Education, University of Jyv?skyl? (Finland). His fields of interest include the use of computers in language teaching, Canadian studies, global education and citizenship. He has published several articles and textbooks, includingA handbook of classroom English.     

Current Situation of Preschool Immersion Programs in China

English Immersion programs in China have become a popular choice among parents for their children since the introduction of the Canadian model to the Chinese school system in 1997.English Immersion programs in China differ from traditional English instruction because in such programs content-based language programs are designed to immerse Chinese students in English and promote their communicative skills.From the perspective of Education and Applied Linguistics,this essay tries to study the idea and practice of English Immersion programs in China on preschool children in the perspective of the conception,theoretical foundation,foreseeable problems,etc.,in order to make a thorough inquiry of their feasibility.