肯德尔和谐系数计算及显著性检验的简化

我们目前通常使用的教育统计方法,多为本世纪二、三十年代所产生。由于当时计算工具的限制,各种统计量多由原始数据直接计算产生。由于公式冗长,计算复杂,且难于理解和记忆,因而常常使人望而却步,不利于统计方法的操作和普及。 肯德尔和谐系数在教育测验、教育评价和各种竞赛评分的一致性信度检验中有着广泛的应用。一般教育统计学和教育测量学专著中,都将肯德尔和谐系数公式表示为     

教育评价中等级次序评定的评分一致性检验

由多位评委评分的教育评价活动中,评分的等级次序的一致性影响评价的可信性。运用肯德尔和谐系数可以检验评分的一致性程度,以判断评价数据的可信性和评价活动的有效性．     

相关法计算评分者信度应注意的问题

一、问题的提出论文性试题的评分存在误差,这是由评分者的主观原因造成的。考察评分误差的方法常常是计算评分之间的相关度,从而估计评分误差对信度的影响,称为评分者信度。计算评分者信度一般有两种情况,一种是由两位评分者给许多被试评分,或一位教师给许多被试评两次分数,计算两次分数之间的相关系数;另一种是许多位评分者给许多被试评分,或一位教师反复多次给许多被试评分,计算肯德尔和谐系数。肯德尔和谐系数实际就是多列变量间的等级相关系数。     

研究生招生面试评分信度模型分析

在研究生招生面试中,考官评分是否客观、公正,是决定面试结果是否公平、合理的最主要因素.通过采用肯德尔和谐系数W值和方差差异性分析方法对某高校2008年教育经济与管理专业研究生面试的考官评分信度进行分析.总体上来说,考官的评分具有较高的一致性,但考官的面试技能、考生的面试表现以及评分的维度对考官的评分一致性有不同程度的影响.     

新形势下高校团员意识教育的实证研究

从调查高校团员青年对团员意识教育的评价入手,采用肯德尔和谐系数显著性检验对调查数据的有效性进行验证,再结合数据对团员意识教育现状进行分析.结果表明,在新形势下高校团员意识教育形式要进一步提高吸引力,团员意识教育活动覆盖面还有待于进一步拓宽,新媒体在团员意识教育过程中的作用需进一步发挥,同时在团员意识教育过程中积极引导团员树立正确的入党动机,从而提高团员意识教育成效.     

评估指标体系权重问题研究

权重问题是教育评估的一个重要问题,它直接影响着评估结果的合理性。本文在深入认识综合加权法的基础上,提出了对综合加权法的改进。在形成综合权重的问题上引入了权重的弹性系数的概念。在可靠程度权的求解上,给出了可靠程度权的新定义,并以肯德尔和谐系数作为求解可靠程度的基础。对信息强度权,提出一种可操作性较强的类似于主成分分析的求解方法     

宝钢高级专门人才成长因素的统计分析

在“各种因素对于不同类型高级专门人才影响程度不同”的假设前提下,本文建立了高级专门人才成才因素的三级指标体系,并且把企业高级专门人才分为以下五类:(1)生产实施;(2)设计开发;(3)科学研究;(4)技术管理;(5)其他。采用肯德尔和谐系数相关分析法,对宝钢84份有效问卷进行了统计分析。结果表明,各类人员都认为“主观因素”是最重要的因素,不同类型的高工对“客观因素”、“教育因素”和“实践因素”相对重要性看法不一。     

基于“标准”的地理师范生关键能力评价体系建构探究

以《中学教师专业标准(试行)》和《中学教育专业师范生教师职业能力标准(试行)》为依据,结合地理师范专业的特点,运用特尔斐法,建构地理师范生关键能力体系和地理师范关键能力评价量表,通过四轮“评价—检验—修订”,对量表进行完善,最后运用分层抽样的方法抽取61节课堂录像,采用肯德尔和谐系数和内容效度检验法检验其信度和效度,量表通过信效度检验。结果表明:基于“标准”的地理师范生关键能力评价体系建构探究,能客观、科学、有效地度量地理师范生在各个阶段的关键能力水平,为促进师范生地理关键能力进阶发展和贯通式发展提供了有力保障。     

基于平衡计分卡的医院成本控制与预算管理指标体系构建与应用

探讨基于平衡计分卡的医院成本控制与预算管理指标体系构建与应用价值,为促进医院高质量发展提供参考。以平衡计分卡为理论基础,初步构建医院成本控制与预算管理指标体系,进行两轮德尔菲法（Delphi）专家咨询,采用层次分析法（AHP）构建判断矩阵,确定各指标的权重。构建的医院成本控制与预算管理指标体系包含4个一级指标、12个二级指标、48个三级指标。各级指标的变异系数均<0.1,肯德尔和谐系数均>0.4,专家意见的一致性较好。财务指标、患者指标、内部流程指标、学习与成长指标的权重系数分别为0.362、0.205、0.279、0.154。基于平衡计分卡理论构建的医院成本控制与预算管理指标体系科学可行,有助于加强医院经济管理,实现社会效益与经济效益的统一。     

高校教学质量监控与评价指标体系设计:基于肯德尔协同系数验证的实例研究

本文分析了影响高校教学质量的主要因素,构建了三级高校教学质量监控与评价指标体系,提出了指标体系中权重的获取和使用方法。在指标权重的确定上,通过肯德尔协同系数测试进行专家意见的一致性验证。最后,通过实例说明了该指标体系的应用过程。     

OPAⅢ集成运放在微弱电流信号测量中的应用

针对实验研究中物理、化学材料的电性能测试,分析微弱电流测量的方法,提出一种基于OPAⅢ运算放大器的微弱电流信号测量电路的设计,使其能配合数据采集卡对阻抗较大的材料进行电性能的测试.     

自动测试系统中实时测控软件的开发

本文通过实例详细介绍了在自动测试系统中采用 Visual Basic(VB)开发实时测控软件的方法:米用MDI窗体技术设计软件的用户界面:采用动态链接库(DLL)实现对硬件接口的控制:采肜事件驱动编程实现测试软件功能的扩展.同时对测控软件中的数字滤波、信号波形显示等技术进行了介绍.     

A Test for Cluster Bias: Detecting Violations of Measurement Invariance Across Clusters in Multilevel Data

We present a test for cluster bias, which can be used to detect violations of measurement invariance across clusters in 2-level data. We show how measurement invariance assumptions across clusters imply measurement invariance across levels in a 2-level factor model. Cluster bias is investigated by testing whether the within-level factor loadings are equal to the between-level factor loadings, and whether the between-level residual variances are zero. The test is illustrated with an example from school research. In a simulation study, we show that the cluster bias test has sufficient power, and the proportions of false positives are close to the chosen levels of significance.     

Measurement Invariance in Confirmatory Factor Analysis: An Illustration Using IQ Test Performance of Minorities

Measurement invariance with respect to groups is an essential aspect of the fair use of scores of intelligence tests and other psychological measurements. It is widely believed that equal factor loadings are sufficient to establish measurement invariance in confirmatory factor analysis. Here, it is shown why establishing measurement invariance with confirmatory factor analysis requires a statistical test of the equality over groups of measurement intercepts. Without this essential test, measurement bias may be overlooked. A re-analysis of a study by Te Nijenhuis, Tolboom, Resing, and Bleichrodt (2004) on ethnic differences on the RAKIT IQ test illustrates that ignoring intercept differences may lead to the conclusion that bias of IQ tests with respect to minorities is small, while in reality bias is quite severe.     

纳米压痕试验测量不确定度评定

影响纳米压痕试验结果的因素很多,导致分别计算A类和B类不确定度十分困难。该文采取实验室间比对的方法,通过对熔融石英样品进行纳米压痕试验,得出压痕硬度和压痕模量的重复性限r和复现性限R。在r和R的基础上推导出纳米压痕硬度和模量扩展不确定度的近似计算公式,从而大大简化了纳米压痕试验测量不确定度的评定。不确定度评定结果表明纳米压痕试验测量不确定度较大;试验次数超过5次后,其对扩展不确定度的影响不大。     

The Multidimensionality of Measurement Bias in High-Stakes Testing: Using Machine Learning to Evaluate Complex Sources of Differential Item Functioning

Test developers and psychometricians have historically examined measurement bias and differential item functioning (DIF) across a single categorical variable (e.g., gender), independently of other variables (e.g., race, age, etc.). This is problematic when more complex forms of measurement bias may adversely affect test responses and, ultimately, bias test scores. Complex forms of measurement bias include conditional effects, interactions, and mediation of background information on test responses. I propose a multidimensional, person-specific perspective of measurement bias to explain how complex sources of bias can manifest in the assessment of human knowledge, skills, and abilities. I also describe a data-driven approach for identifying key sources of bias among many possibilities—namely, a machine learning method commonly known as regularization.     

传感器在变速器试验中的应用

在变速器开发性试验中,需要测量换档力、扭矩、转速及噪音等参数,以判断变速器性能好坏。文章结合生产实际,详细介绍了变速器试验中各种传感器的适用范围、使用方法,并分析了试验测试结果对变速器开发试验的意义。     

Applied Measurement in the Oscar Buros Tradition: Current Implications

Applied Measurement in Education is a new journal sponsored by the Buros Institute of Mental Measurements. It seems appropriate in its first issue to consider the values and convictions of the founder of the institute, Oscar K. Buros, as they apply to some current developments in measurement. Some biographical data about Buros are first presented. Four principles that express his personal philosophy about applied measurement are stated and are then examined in relation to some contemporary measurement issues. These same ideas are also used to shed light on the likely reactions of Buros to the publication of Applied Measurement in Education. The Buros influence continues to encourage a healthy refocusing of our attention on the needs and interests of the test user and test taker, which is applied measurement at its best.     

基于LabVIEW和网络的多功能转子试验台测试系统开发

利用LabVIEW软件开发平台,根据实验教学的实际需要,针对DRZZS-A型多功能转子试验台自行开发了一个综合测试系统。该系统能完成转速测量、振动测量、轴心轨迹测量、动平衡测量及转子试验台状态监测等实验,并具有远程控制的网络功能。经过与传统检测设备的测试结果进行对比,该系统检测数据正确,运行稳定可靠。另外,该系统具有界面友好,操作简单,功能齐全,成本低廉,扩展性好等特点,不仅能完全满足高校实验教学的要求,而且在提高教学质量的同时也减少了实验设备的资金投入,为高校实验室建设提供了另一种思路。     

Assessing Error in Behavioral Data: Problems of Sequencing

Both classical test theory and generalizability theory focus on measurement error as a group property. Thus, common estimates o f errors o f measurement are developed for all members o f a group. But with behavioral data, unlike specifically test data, it is sometimes possible to estimate error separately for each individual. This enables one to ask questions about the relationships between error o f measurement and other characteristics o f the individual. Consequently, it also makes possible the use of regression techniques to call upon group data to improve the estimates o f individual measurement error. The focus on the individual also lays bare the possibility o f sequencing effects, and it is shown that, even in the absence o f trend, autocorrelation can cause standard procedures to grossly underestimate the magnitude o f measurement error. Classroom observation data are examined for autocorrelation, and recommendations are made about the scheduling o f data collection so as to minimize its effects.