Remediation and Dismissal Policies in Counselor Education: Lessons Learned from a Challenge in Federal Court

Counselor educators today are faced with a difficult dilemma. They are mandated to dismiss students they judged to be unfit and irremediable, yet they risk legal action whenever executing a student dismissal decision. Their duty to protect the public must be weighed against the liabilities of costly litigation to institutions, programs, and themselves. This article describes 1 counselor education program's decision to dismiss a student and endure a lengthy, although unsuccessful, lawsuit and jury trial in federal court. The strengths and weaknesses of the program's remediation and dismissal protocol are examined as they emerged under court scrutiny.     

Following the ACES Standards on Preparation of Secondary School Counselors in Career Guidance

Standards for counselor training have been a topic of concern since the 1930s. More recent accomplishments toward quality in counselor education were the adoption of ACES standards at the 1967 Dallas convention and the special issue of Counselor Education and Supervision, “Up-Grading Guidance Practices” (Hill & Munger 1968). This article concentrates on the career guidance and occupational information aspects of the 1967 ACES Standards. In this context, the degree to which some counselor education programs seem to emulate practices contained in the standards and some suggestions for facilitating such emulation are discussed.     

Counselor Educators' Gatekeeping Responsibilities and Students' First Amendment Rights

In 2 recent legal cases, graduate counselor education students challenged the imposition of remediation plans as violating their First Amendment rights of freedom of speech and religion. With special emphasis on this recent litigation, the article examines the legal standards governing the authority of counselor educators at public colleges and universities, including professionalism and ethical rules as a part of curricular requirements to prohibit client discrimination based on sexual orientation.     

模拟法庭实践教学与提高法科学生的实践能力

为培养高素质的现代法律人才，必须培养和提高学生的实践能力。而组织学生开展模拟法庭实践教学是提高法科学生实践能力的有效途径。本文论述了组织学生开展模拟法庭实践教学的必要性和操作过程，并提出应注意的几个问题。     

Professional Development of Counselor Education Students: An Exploratory Study of Professional Performance Indicators for Assessment

Although training standards for counseling students emphasize the importance of student evaluation, there is a lack of research that specifically describes how counselor educators may systematically assess the professional development of counselors-in-training. This exploratory study sought to determine a set of performance indicators for each of five identified components of professional development to provide counselor educators with an initial framework for assessing the professional growth of master's-level counseling students.     

The Development and Evaluation of the Intersectional Privilege Screening Inventory for Use With Counselors-in-Training

As counselor preparation programs are compelled to demonstrate student social and cultural competence, valid inventories are needed to measure development consistent with contemporary standards. The Intersectional Privilege Screening Inventory was created for this purpose, was assessed using 4 types of validity evidence, and has results supporting its use in student development.     

Ethical Concerns for Counselor Educators

This article identifies four areas of ethical concern in counselor education. Counselor educators in the Southern Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (SACES) region were surveyed regarding their attitudes and practices concerning these four areas. Survey results with conclusions and recommendations are given. Vignette 1: J. Jones, a single counselor education professor, is told by K. Adams, a single female graduate student in one of his classes, that she finds him very attractive. She then invites him to her home for dinner. Vignette 2: J. Smith, a student and advisee of counselor educator M. Thompson, is taking a group dynamics course from her this semester. He believes that participation in the course has triggered his desire to work on some issues in his personal life. He approaches Dr. Thompson to be his counselor. Vignette 3: Counselor educator F. Rogers suggests an idea for a research study to graduate student P. Collins. Ms. Collins carries out the study and submits a paper describing it in order to meet a requirement in Dr. Rogers's class. Dr. Rogers later decides that with some revision this paper could be publishable. He spends many hours revising the paper so that it is suitable for publication. When he submits it, he lists himself as first author. Vignette 4: Counselor educator A. Johnson is serving on C. Young's dissertation committee. Ms. Young, who is a training director at a major business in the community, offers Dr. Johnson a lucrative consulting contract with her company.     

Student-Faculty Interactions: An Underemphasized Dimension of Counselor Education

Accreditation standards, ethical codes, and literature on counselor educator and student interactions are explored. Potential research issues are suggested, and the impact of this information on programs is considered.     

高校学生助理辅导员制度初探

在我国现行辅导员制度存在人员配备不足、队伍不稳定的情况下,建设一支强有力的学生助理辅导员队伍对于缓和教师辅导员队伍的不足有很大的弥补与调和作用。在理清学生助理辅导员的定义、定位、形式与作用的基础上,建立、完善、深化学生助理辅导员制度,既能提高学生工作水平,又可实现学生的自我管理、自我服务与自我教育的目的。     

Credible Phenomenological Research: A Mixed‐Methods Study

The authors conducted a 3‐phase investigation into the credible standards for phenomenological research practices identified in the literature and endorsed by a sample of counselor education qualitative research experts. Utilizing a mixed‐methods approach, the findings offer evidence that professional counseling has a distinctive format in which phenomenological research is produced.     

Doctoral Student Persistence in Counselor Education Programs: Student–Program Match

The authors present the findings of a qualitative study (N = 33) of doctoral student persistence in counselor education programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (2001). Using in‐depth interviews with students representing 17 different doctoral programs, the findings revealed factors that influenced students' decisions to persist or leave their counselor education doctoral programs. A key determinant in attrition or persistence decisions was a match between the students' goals/expectations and the faculty members' expectations and goals for the program. Implications of the findings for program selection, recruiting, and student retention are discussed.     

The Emergence Model: An Alternative Pedagogy for Facilitating Self‐Reflection and Theoretical Fit in Counseling Students

The author presents a critical review of counselor education literature that has focused on student acquisition of theoretical orientations in order to identify the potential of these practices to facilitate critical self‐reflection and theoretical fit among students. Two reflective, awareness‐based pedagogical models—radical constructivism (E. von Glasersfeld, 1984) and transformative learning (J. Mezirow, 1997)—are also examined. The author concludes by briefly outlining an alternative pedagogical framework called the “Emergence Model,” which may enhance the ability of counselor educators to facilitate self‐reflection and theoretical fit among counseling students.     

模拟法庭教学改革模式探讨

模拟法庭教学活动在我国的传统法学教育中被广泛应用,但却存在着诸多的问题。对传统模式的改革应以模拟法庭教学的目标为基点,在此基础上,融入职业道德教育,增加模拟庭外活动及教学活动的规范性,增加法官和律师的真实参与和指导,将重点放在职业角色的技能和技巧上,以学生为主体,融学术讨论与模拟法庭为一体,在程序上和模式上加强英美法系的抗辩式色彩,引进诊所式教学法,形成一个新型的模拟法庭工作模式。     

论大学生考试作弊的防治

考试作弊与贷款不还已成为当代大学生两大诚信危机。大学生考试作弊有着深刻的社会原因和心理原因,要彻底解决这个问题,必须坚持以人为本,改革教学方式、提高教学艺术,激发学生学习兴趣,改革考试方式,减少大学生作弊机会,从源头上防止作弊;充分发挥思想政治教育工作优势,提高大学生思想道德素质尤其是诚信素质,使其自觉地远离作弊。     

Urban African‐American middle school science students: Does standards‐based teaching make a difference?

The current reform movement in science education promotes standards‐based teaching, including the use of inquiry, problem solving, and open‐ended questioning, to improve student achievement. This study examines the influence of standards‐based teaching practices on the achievement of urban, African‐American, middle school science students. Science classes of teachers who had participated in the professional development (n = 8) of Ohio's statewide systemic initiative (SSI) were matched with classes of teachers (n = 10) who had not participated. Data were gathered using group‐administered questionnaires and achievement tests that were specifically designed for Ohio's SSI. Analyses indicate that teachers who frequently used standards‐based teaching practices positively influenced urban, African‐American students' science achievement and attitudes, especially for boys. Additionally, teachers' involvement in the SSI's professional development was positively related to the reported use of standards‐based teaching practices in the classroom. The findings support the efficacy of high‐quality professional development to change teaching practices and to enhance student learning. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 37: 1019–1041, 2000     

A look at the impact of raising standards in developmental mathematics

In this paper, we assess the effect of higher entry and exit standards at a community college in New York City. A complex set of university and college-wide policy modifications led to an increase in placement test cut-scores as well as increased requirements to complete remediation. The implementation of this policy change allows us to utilize quasiexperimental techniques. Utilizing cross-tabulations and logistic regressions from a total of 481 students, our results indicate that an increase in standards was associated with a significant decline in developmental sequence completion and credit-bearing course completion. On the basis of our findings, we conclude that the institution of higher standards alone is not a successful strategy; and in fact, can be expected to adversely affect student progression. Instead, we suggest that an increase in standards should include an increase in student supports to mitigate negative effects on students. We discuss these findings using the opposing forces framework developed by Jaggars and Hodara (2013). The work was funded in part by a PSC CUNY grant to the first author.     

Vicarious Traumatization,Trauma‐Sensitive Supervision,and Counselor Preparation

Counselor educators have an ethical responsibility to prepare counselors and supervisors to detect and resolve vicarious traumatization in themselves and their supervisees. This article reviews relevant literature on vicarious traumatization and strategies to mitigate it. Also included is a review of the American Counseling Association's (2005) ACA Code of Ethics and the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs' (2007) proposed 2009 standards as each relates to trauma counseling and vicarious traumatization. Specific counselor preparation practices are suggested.     

Making the Case for Standards of Conduct in Clinical Training

The authors examined a proposed set of standards for the personal and professional conduct of counseling trainees. Eighty‐two counselor educators and supervisors from programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs ranked 55 behaviors divided across 3 categories (i.e., professional, interpersonal, and intrapersonal). Q‐sort methodology was used to collect the data, and the results provide a starting point for identifying criteria for gatekeeping practices.     

Student Discipline and Psychotherapy:

College and university psychotherapists, and administrators responsible for student discipline, rely upon different methodology to reach harmonious objectives. Those objectives include fostering the development of students as responsible and even moral actors, and projecting the basic safety of the community as a whole. It is precisely because those broad objectives can be shared by pscyhotherapist and disciplinarians that we can adopt a team approach to student behavioral problems, in which differing emphases, practices, and standards of confidentiality are understood and respected. Ongoing discussion and dialogue between psychotherapists and disciplinarians will facilitate such cooperation, while dispelling mutual misconception by some administrators is that psychotherapists do not understand or support the need to set and enforce reasonable standards of student behavior.