基于用户视角的交互式查询扩展研究

传统的查询扩展方法,不能从根本上消除用户查询意图与检索结果之间的语义偏差和用户查询的歧义性问题,而交互式查询扩展可以有效地帮助用户更快捷、精确地从海量的网络资源中找到所需信息,为用户提供更满意的搜索结果。综合运用文献调研和问卷调查法,从用户使用及需求情况、使用原因、评价及建议等维度对交互式查询扩展进行实证分析。提出操作方式简单化、查询扩展个性化、交互显示人性化、检索结果精确化、检索环境移动化是交互式查询扩展的研究重点和主要发展方向。     

移动图书馆WAP和APP用户检索行为比较分析

[目的/意义] 对比用户在使用WAP和APP这两种方式访问移动图书馆时的检索行为,为移动图书馆的服务创新提供参考。[方法/过程] 通过对某高校图书馆OPAC系统移动端日志数据进行统计分析,从搜索会话、查询式、高频关键词以及检索方式等方面展开研究。[结果/结论] 发现用户更多地是使用WAP访问移动图书馆,相比之下,在使用APP访问移动图书馆时,用户更倾向于在短时间内进行较少的查询来结束搜索会话;使用这两种方式查询的高频关键词所属领域有很大的相似性,中文检索多集中在数学、管理学、经济学、社会学等领域;简单检索是用户访问移动图书馆时使用的主要检索方式,通过WAP访问的用户选择其他检索方式的比率要大于通过APP访问的用户。     

社会化标注系统中标签检索质量模拟研究

社会化标注系统近年发展迅速,伴随出现的垃圾标注泛滥现象不容忽视。本文以社会化标注系统中标签检索质量为研究对象,细化普通用户标注行为,建立社会化标注模拟系统,明确定义系统内用户结构、标注规则、检索策略和检索质量算法,从实证角度评估用户规模变化、用户结构变化、用户标注量变化和垃圾用户的攻击策略选择对标签检索质量的影响。本文对于改善社会化标注系统中的标签检索算法以及提高用户体验具有重要意义。     

领域本体在信息检索中的应用研究

为了改进基于关键词的信息检索方法的局限性,论文研究了一种综合利用领域本体改善信息检索性能的方法.该方法强调通过交互式的方式引导用户一步步逼近其真实的、潜在的检索需求,使用基于编辑距离的词形匹配方法辅助用户查询本体词汇,使用基于概念空间的检索词联想方法帮助用户扩充检索词.使用基于领域本体的词义识别算法来确定文档中的词汇词义.使用XML技术实现用户查询需求和文档标注的规范化标注.实验表明,该方法会有效提升查全率并且会改进查准率.     

Study on Ontology-based Semantic Retrieval Model in Folksonomy

针对大众标注系统中信息检索缺乏语义性的问题,引入本体,建立了基于系统专用本体的语义检索模型,包括7个功能模块:资源标注模块、标签推荐模块、提问处理模块、语义检索模块、结果处理模块、用户反馈处理模块以及本体构建和管理模块,阐述了各个模块的功能.详细分析了以查询扩展为基础的检索策略和过程.重点研究了系统专用本体的构建,提出一种通过分析标签间隐含的语义关系及WordNet辅助生成本体的方法,并进行了模拟实验验证.     

与自然语言查询表述相关的词语分析

考察在信息检索过程中用户以自然语言表述的查询语句中的词语使用情况。以一个信息需求描述颗粒度不等的查询表述语料库为素材,辅以汉语通用语料作为对照,通过词频以及词语的文本覆盖率等统计数据,按照是否需要在目标文本中直接或以其他形式出现,将查询表述语句中的词语区分为对汉语文本处理具有普遍意义的通用停用词、服务于信息检索表述用的专用停用词和与特定需求相关的信息内容词语。区分词语使用的不同性质,能为信息系统前端的自然语言查询处理增加一道剥离工序,防止将整个查询语句的分词结果全部作为检索项所造成的效率和准确率的退化。     

书目检索建议与提示策略研究

针对当前书目检索过程中缺少检索建议与提示而影响检索性能的现状,进行检索建议与提示策略的研究。通过阐述检索行为的概念与属性、分析用户的检索心理,挖掘用户行为数据,并在此基础上实施访问OPAC网站、输入检索词、获得检索结果及选择检索结果等检索过程与行为的引导服务与查询帮助,从而较为准确地判断用户的查询意图,对用户的检索行为给出实时的、丰富的检索建议与提示,以期增强书目检索功能,提高系统的互动性,提升用户的查询体验。     

数字图书馆中基于规则的个性化检索构建

在数字图书馆中进行信息检索是一件繁琐和乏味的工作,由于无法识别用户的检索个性化,导致信息检索的结果不尽如人意。我们在数字图书馆的信息检索系统中,将系统集中在查询个性化;特别地,我们处理结构化的检索使存储的原数据加入相关的数据库中,通过对用户描述文件里的用户偏好的分析,描述了查询重写规则在构建个性化检索中的作用。     

基于查询意图的细粒度图书分面检索研究

[目的 /意义]构建基于用户评论的图书分面体系和图书查询意图的分面检索模型,提升用户图书检索体验。[方法/过程]在调研大规模图书评论数据的基础上,立足图书评论数据特征进行细粒度图书分面体系构建,在此基础上,引入查询意图识别模块来构建图书分面检索模型,并进行原型系统的实现以验证模型的可行性和效果。[结果 /结论 ]通过原型系统的实现证实了所构建的细粒度分面体系能够有效帮助用户筛选和定位图书检索结果;提出的分面检索模型操作便捷,并能够结合用户的查询意图有效减少信息过载的问题,具有良好的用户体验。     

A New Method of Detecting Query Intent for Search Engines

查询背后的信息需求被定义为查询意图,搜索引擎可以根据不同的查询意图,提供多样性的服务,优化检索效果.查询意图的识别多被看成是一种分类问题,现有的大多数方法都基于查询串文本本身的特征和查询的用户点击数据特征.这两种方法存在如下的困难:对于查询串的文本特征,查询比较短,特征比较稀疏,要进行比较准确的理解会比较困难;对于用户点击特征,由于用户提交查询的长尾性分布,大多数查询的提交次数都是较少的,对于这些查询,要判别它们的意图是比较困难的.为了克服长尾查询上查询意图判断的不可靠问题,本文提出利用查询结果的相关性分数的分布作为特征来判断查询意图的方法.这种方法依赖查询结果的特征,比查询串本身的特征更加丰富;同时不依赖于用户的点击数据,因此可以克服长尾查询上的困难.结果表明,使用结果分数分布,可以提高意图判别的准确程度.     

British Writings on Romania: From Travel Accounts to Studies

This article surveys a sample of sources of the information about Romania available to British readers in nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals. It traces first contacts between the Romanian lands and Britain after the union of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia in 1859, then after their independence from the Ottoman Empire. The article highlights an increased Romanian interest in British periodicals, which reported and reviewed Romanian literature and scholarship. The article concludes that nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals offer a great variety and wealth of new material previously unavailable or unknown to researchers. It also states that only a portion of a large quantity of this material has been indexed and is therefore available via the bibliographic sources mentioned in the article. The author argues for the need of a new and updated British-Romanian bibliography, which can draw on new online resources offering access to thousands of new newspapers and periodical records.     

Politicking for the Public Library

ABSTRACT

In today's current political environment raising support for millage renewals, bond campaigns or even millage continuations for public libraries is affected by national politics, and a tendency towards tax aversion on principle across the country. The lessons we can learn from the governing boards of small and rural public libraries are worth raising up to a greater national consciousness. Board governance, community consciousness, and facilities management are clear and logical tools that elected boards of public libraries can use to politick for support of libraries.     

Architectures of Knowledge and Literary Tradition: A History of the Almanac in Croatia

ABSTRACT

The history of the almanac in Croatia is reconstructed through primary research in bibliographic and archival sources. The almanac is a vehicle for knowledge communication in informal contexts, engaging both oral tradition and literary forms traceable to medieval literacy and ways of structuring knowledge. The history of the almanac in Croatia reflects the changing context of the book trade, literacy, and the evolution of language. Four main stages are identified: (1) the beginning of the annual almanac in the seventeenth century; astrological almanacs reflecting the sensibility of the Baroque period; (2) the Enlightenment's stimulation of almanac publishing in the spirit of contemporary secular reforms in agriculture and education; (3) nineteenth-and twentieth-century almanac trade, showing complex and overlapping networks for the production, distribution and appropriation of printed almanacs;(4) roughly the end of World War II, when the almanac slowly moved out of the role of a popular mass medium and into specialized niches represented by regional, diaspora, and religious almanacs.     

Slavic Approval Plans: What Works and What Doesn't

ABSTRACT

The paper looks at library approval plans for material published in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian countries from the selector's point of view. Reasons why a selector would or would not want one are examined. Success with approval plans requires monitoring receipts, as well as good and ongoing communication among the selector, the acquistions department, and the vendor. A preliminary list of vendors offering approval plans for the countries of the region appears in the appendix.     

How Digital Content Resellers are Impacting Trade Book Publishing

Some key questions for publishers in today’s market are: Could Amazon’s recent merger and acquisitions strategy create a disruptive or paradigm shifting business model in the publishing industry? Do their recent actions post mergers and acquisitions illustrate a predicable pattern of behaviour that publishers can strategize around? This paper will explore these questions and look at some of the possible reasons behind Amazon’s business practices and the possible consequences to publishers.     

Germany's New Culture of Welcome—Our Libraries are an Essential Part of it

ABSTRACT

German authorities are expecting more than 1 million refugees by the end of 2015. These people come to Germany to seek protection and assistance and to build a new life, therefore it is important to welcome them and to assist them in their integration as soon as possible. This situation creates a versatile and perfectly fitting opportunity for cultural and educational programs, including libraries, which can play a vital role in this integration process. The key to integration is the knowledge of the German language, and the most important challenge now is to teach the necessary language skills to as many asylum-seekers as possible.     

Syndicating Rich Bibliographic Metadata Using MODS and RSS

Abstract

Many libraries use RSS to syndicate information about their collections to users. A survey of 65 academic libraries revealed their most common use for RSS is to disseminate information about library holdings, such as lists of new acquisitions. Even though typical RSS feeds are ill suited to the task of carrying rich bibliographic metadata, great potential exists for developing applications that can exploit metadata exposed to Web services via RSS. Using the MODS metadata format, entire catalog records can be seamlessly embedded in RSS 2.0 feeds. Existing tools, such as Library of Congress Java toolkits and XSLT stylesheets, can facilitate this process, while a new XSLT stylesheet may be used to create the RSS feeds complete with MODS records. As an example of the added functionality these MODS/RSS feeds can offer, records from a MODS-enriched RSS feed can be ingested into a non-RSS application such as Zotero. As more emerging library technologies use Web services architectures to handle data objects, the ability to syndicate catalog records will become more critical to providing innovative library Web services.     

由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变——对武汉科技信息服务平台建设的思考

为进一步提升武汉科技信息共享服务平台使用效率,本文从平台资源建设、资源应用、供需对接方式和供需特点等方面分析了武汉科技信息资源服务现状;基于需求和利用的角度,结合平台管理实践和走访用户、问卷调查等研究方法,从信息资源需求主体和平台自身建设管理两个维度,找出制约科技资源供需对接的主要因素;以市场化和制度化为创新理念,从政策创新、机制创新、市场化服务、环境营造、人才培养等方面提出平台建设由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变的对策建议.     

Selling Women on PDAs from “Simply Palm” to “Audrey”: How Moore's Law Met Parkinson's Law in the Kitchen

This essay investigates key moments in the history of personal digital assistant (PDA) marketing to women. Analyzing promotional texts for three PDAs that received considerable press coverage from 1999 to 2001, this essay explores the cultural significance of the convergence of anxieties about women's place in the gendered division of labor with the computer industry's changing marketing imperatives. Drawing on an array of promotional texts, including news articles, press releases, promotional Web sites, and ads appearing in newspapers and magazines, this paper tells the story of how the computer industry aimed to sell smaller, faster computing devices to women while promising to mediate and thus reproduce women's overwork as paid and familial laborers. After experimenting with the PDA as a sexy fashionable gadget for working women, marketers approached women as mothers with “Audrey,” an Internet appliance designed for the kitchen.     

Communicating With Bank Stakeholders During Recession: Why It's Important,Who Is Doing It,and How to Stay in the Loop

This study explores the attitudes and actions of bank managers toward communication spending during recession. Results of this study indicate that organizational leaders cut communication spending early during recession and also erroneously rely on the bank's financials to mitigate irrational customer withdrawals. This research is used to illustrate the need for public librarians to meet the needs of bank stakeholders when their institution ceases to communicate during crises, for academic librarians to educate students in undergraduate and graduate programs regarding heightened information needs during recession, and for corporate librarians to understand a potential avenue for competitive advantage during recession.