LIFESTYLE MANAGEMENT,PROACTION, AND EDUCATIONAL EFFICACY

Lifestyle management is gaining new popularity among individuals dedicated to maintaining and improving the quality of their life during middle age and as they grow older. Since many aspects of well‐being and life satisfaction in later life have been linked to good health, lifestyle management would appear to provide ideal educational gerontology programming content. This idea provides the focus for a renewal of middle‐aged and older people's participation in education gerontology.

It is important to stress that the potential for a renewal in educational gerontology is contingent upon a reexamination of the approach employed in program planning. Mature adults must be afforded a renewed understanding of the efficacy of education throughout life as a means for achieving goals related to greater quality as well as quantity of life.

This discussion will focus on lifestyle management as a learning area that should become increasingly attractive to middle‐aged and older persons, and the role educational efficacy and proaction play as important precursors to lifestyle behavior attitude change.     

基于STEM理念的科学拓展活动设计与实践——以电单元“信号灯亮起来”为例

基于STEM理念的科学拓展活动,为学生提供了真实情境,将学习生活化。从为何用STEM理念开展科学拓展活动、如何项目化开展拓展活动、项目统整拓展活动设计理念建构以及规范拓展活动的量化评价等四个方面,阐述将STEM理念融入到科学拓展课程的意义和作用。     

THE AGING WORKFORCE: REALITIES,MYTHS, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ORGANIZATIONS By Jerry W. Hedge,Walter C. Borman,and Steven E. Lammlein

Numerous papers have purported the need for life span education, yet few have examined the attitudes of older citizens toward lifelong learning. To determine why they were not attending a free audit program at the university and to ascertain their attitudes toward education for the elderly, 99 subjects aged 62 and older (M. = 74.6) were interviewed. The systematic sample chosen from membership lists of senior citizen groups yielded 34 men and 65 women. Interviews utilized a survey questionnaire. The analysis compared those who were and were not interested in the program.

Results indicated that 68% (N = 65) of the subjects were not interested in attending university classes. The 32% (N = 31) who answered “yes” or “maybe” were significantly younger than those who were not interested; the two groups did not differ significantly on the other variables measured (sex, previous education, occupation, daily activities, attitude toward education for self and other older persons, etc.). Furthermore, only one subject actually enrolled in the university in the subsequent semester.

The findings fail to support the thesis that “education begets education.” However, it should be noted that subjects indicated that “living is learning,” and while formal education is acceptable for the elderly, it is not necessary for learning.     

The necessity of each phase of the learning cycle in teaching high school physics

The learning cycle is a method of teaching—it is also a curriculum organization principle and is derived directly from the mental functioning model invented by Piaget. Although Jean Piaget contributed to the formation of the learning cycle (Piaget, 1973), its present structure has to be attributed to Dr. Robert Karplus and the persons who developed the materials of the Science Curriculum Improvement Study (SCIS). It was through the SCIS activities that many of us learned how to develop curricula and teach with the learning cycle. The learning cycle is built upon the premise that three distinct phases are necessary in developing understanding of a concept, that those phases have a definite sequence, and each phase has a definite structure or form. The research done in testing the form variable has already been reported in this journal (Renner, Abraham, & Birnie, 1985). This report explores whether or not each learning-cycle phase is necessary in learning a concept.     

论有效教学情境的营造与素质教育的实施

多年来，我们的课堂教学很难从应试教育的陷阱中跳出来，这主要是因为我们对于学习过程的知识和对学习过程的理解没有实质性的更新，学生没有足够地掌握关于学习技能、思维技能和问题解决技能的知识和能力。因此，有效实施素质教育就必须树立新的素质教育现，设置有效的学习情境，这不仅能够改善学生的学习活动和学习效果，促进学生能力倾向的形成，也能够改善教师的教学与实践。     

以教师笔记为载体的幼儿教师生活活动的反思与分析

对教师笔记进行研究可以从中汲取教师自身内化的教育观念、了解教师真实的教育观念和行为,对学前教育实践研究具有非常重要的价值。本文通过对某幼儿园教师笔记的整理与分析,发现生活活动是教师非常重要的关注点。笔者通过对生活活动笔记进一步分析,力图真实的呈现教师对生活活动的认识以及存在的问题,并提出一些生活活动价值以及相关教师反思的建议。     

Hamburg’s Family Literacy project (FLY) in the context of international trends and recent evaluation findings

The authors of this article begin with an introduction to the holistic concept of family literacy and learning and its implementation in various international contexts, paying special attention to the key role played by the notions of lifelong learning and intergenerational learning. The international trends and experiences they outline inspired and underpinned the concept of a prize-winning Family Literacy project called FLY, which was piloted in 2004 in Hamburg, Germany. FLY aims to build bridges between preschools, schools and families by actively involving parents and other family members in children’s literacy education. Its three main pillars are: (1) parents’ participation in their children’s classes; (2) special sessions for parents (without their children); and (3) joint out-of-school activities for teachers, parents and children. These three pillars help families from migrant backgrounds, in particular, to develop a better understanding of German schools and to play a more active role in school life. To illustrate how the FLY concept is integrated into everyday school life, the authors showcase one participating Hamburg school before presenting their own recent study on the impact of FLY in a group of Hamburg primary schools with several years of FLY experience. The results of the evaluation clearly indicate that the project’s main objectives have been achieved: (1) parents of children in FLY schools feel more involved in their children’s learning and are offered more opportunities to take part in school activities; (2) the quality of teaching in these schools has improved, with instruction developing a more skills-based focus due to markedly better classroom management und a more supportive learning environment; and (3) children in FLY schools are more likely to have opportunities to accumulate experience in out-of-school contexts and to be exposed to environments that stimulate and enhance their literacy skills in a tangible way.     

Japanese Laws and Policies Concerning Persons with Disabilities: To Develop a Normalized Society through Recreation

In the 1960s, since the Tokyo Paralympics and the National Sports Games for the Disabled were held, public awareness was heightened towards the issue of disability. In 1970, a law which was to ensure that persons with disabilities could participate in recreational, sports and cultural activities was passed. The Japanese government has implemented and enacted various policy measures and laws regarding the disability issue. According to the government, the quality of life of persons with disabilities should be improved, and society should be integrated according to the principle of normalization. Based on this concept, inclusive recreational programs have been introduced. However, it seems that only competitive segregated sports activities have been highlighted: appreciation of the principle of normalization is important, but the principle has been misunderstood. To develop a successfully socially integrated society, a specific plan with numerical targets adopting the principle of normalization is crucial.     

网络学习之本质属性探究

在人类文明的历史演进历程中,每一次重大的科学技术进步,都会引发教育模式与学习方式的变革。20世纪90年代以来,互联网的出现与迅速发展,以惊人的速度改变着人们的工作、学习、思维、交往方式乃至生活方式。借助于网络进行学习正在成为一种新的学习方式,它不仅是教与学手段和方法的变革,而且涉及到教育观念、模式、体制等的历史性变革。从网络学习概念的界定与支持网络学习的网络本质两方面来探讨网络学习之本质属性,可以发现,只有从学习环境的角度来理解网络的本质,才能更好地解释网络所支持的教与学过程中的多种形式和特点。网络学习之本质属性可以从内涵与外延两方面进行解释,内涵属性涉及网络学习是通过网络进行的学习活动、开发利用网络信息资源的过程、学习环境和学习方式等方面,外延属性即指所有借助于网络的学习。     

The influence of web‐based chemistry learning on students' perceptions,attitudes, and achievements

The goal of this study was to investigate whether integrating a website into chemistry teaching influences 10th‐grade students' perceptions of the classroom learning environment, their attitudes regarding the relevance of chemistry, and their understanding of the concept of chemical bonding. Two groups participated in this study: an experimental group and a comparison group. The main study was conducted during the academic year 2005. The teachers in the experimental group were asked to implement four relevant activities from the website that was developed, all dealing with the concept of chemical bonding. Quantitative tools of the study included: A Chemistry Classroom Web‐Based Learning Environment Inventory to assess students' perceptions regarding the relevance of chemistry to their life and attitude towards chemistry studies, a feedback questionnaire that examined the students' response after performing the website activities, and an achievement test that assessed their knowledge and understanding of the concept of chemical bonding. We found that the experimental group outperformed the comparison group significantly in most of the research categories. This led us to conclude that the web‐based learning environment has potential to enhance the comprehension of chemistry concepts, students' attitudes and interests and to increase students' awareness regarding the relevant aspects of chemistry to daily life.     

日本小学“综合学习时间”实施之启示--以绪川小学“大家一起守卫的一个地球”为例

日本小学的“综合学习时间”是典型的实践性课程,重视体验和过程,与中国小学的综合实践活动课程在培养目标、课程设置、学习内容和学习方式等方面有共同之处。日本爱知县绪川小学开展的“大家一起守卫的一个地球”是综合实践活动课程的典型代表,环境教育主题与综合实践课程的“实地考察、发现思考、担当行动”三环节有机结合,实现了使课程关乎儿童幸福生活的教育理念。其对中国小学综合实践活动课程的启示为：因地制宜,多元化整合课程资源;合理指导,助力活动顺利进行;秉承理念,灌注课程人文内涵。     

促进教师可持续发展的学习策略

可持续发展观已渗透到社会发展的多个领域。基于可持续发展理论,在教师专业发展方面,可通过“引导人格化学习方式,体验快乐与充实”“实施个性化学习方式,体验真实与实用”“追求文化化学习方式,体验支持与互信”等学习策略,实现教师的可持续发展。     

对成人英语课堂管理的思考

成人英语课堂管理模式在成人英语教学中占有重要的一席之地,它直接影响学习者的学习能力和学习效果。传统的成人英语课堂管理模式已经不适应时代的要求。要将英语课堂作为一个培养高素质人才的阵地,最大限度地利用有限的空间和时间,为语言学习创造好氛围,有必要更新成人英语教学理念,改变成人英语教学模式,重新审视成人英语教师的角色定位。     

The older adult as learning participant

The older adult as learner has special needs. Planners of educational programs must take into account such needs. Instrumental (basic, delayed gratification types) and expressive (self-enjoyment, immediate gratification types) needs are two broad categories within which learning activities can be planned. Older adults appear to demonstrate preference for instrumental activities but most current learning opportunities are expressive in nature. In addition, older adults prefer to engage in self-directed planning if given the opportunity. It is suggested that a better scheme for assessing needs and for reaching the self-fulfillment desires of older persons is required of program administrators in institutions of higher education and other agencies.     

OLDER ADULTS' PARTICIPATION IN UNIVERSITY CLASSES: COGNITIVE,MORALE, AND FAMILY CORRELATES

The number of older adults taking advantage of courses offered by institutions of higher learning is increasing. Despite this trend in university and college enrollment, educators know little about the reasons why adults aged 55 years and over are making the decision to return to school. This paper describes the results of an exploratory study about: (1) educational motivations of older students; (2) effect of involvement in university classes on older adults' attitude toward aging; and (3) impact of older individuals' participation in university classes on marital relations.

Interviews were_ conducted with twenty‐one married couples, aged 55 years and older (X = 68.54), with one spouse attending university classes. In order to compute life satisfaction analyses, a control sample was secured. This group consisted of 33 married couples, 55 years and over (X = 70.93), with neither spouse participating in continuing education.

Results indicated that older students viewed intrinsic learning goals to be significantly more important than extrinsic incentives (p<.01). Student couples reported significantly more positive attitudes toward growing older than did nonstudent couples (p<.05). Although participation in university classes had only a minimal impact on members' marital interaction, student couples express satisfaction with this effect.

Recommendations suggested the construction of assessment measures of older adults' self‐initiated versus externally reinforced learning goals. It is advised that pre‐ and posttest interview schedules be used when determining the impact on family solidarity of older adults' pursual of further learning. Future research is suggested which explores whether participation in continuing education provides skills or information for older persons to adjust to their changing environments which in turn would have an influence on level of morale.     

论德育课程中知识学习的定位与教学策略——兼论统编小学《道德与法治》教材对知识的处理

针对德育课程的“知识化”困境,21世纪的德育课程改革提出了“品德培养回归生活”的基本理念。虽然这一理念并未彻底否定知识学习的作用,但亟须基于此理念重新定位知识学习。在德育课程中,知识学习最终要为儿童的生活服务,应以“生活逻辑”组织不同类型的知识,知识学习的关键在于对接生活、通达意义。基于这些定位,具体的教学策略包括:在现实生活的需求中学习生活的智慧,从感性认识通达一定普遍性的“体认之知”,在体验、讨论和探究中通达“体认之知”,发掘不同类型知识的不同生活价值。     

交互性在多媒体课件设计中的应用

交互代表了传统媒体和先进媒体之间的主要区别。它的定义应是学习者能够融入所提供的学习环境中而成为环境中的一份子。交互的关键是系统是否能够按学习者不同的需求调整交互并提出建议，引导学习者主动参与各种探索活动，进行多次层的思考、判断、不同系统的交互程度是不同的，从学习强化、学习速度、学习路径和精研、推敲五个方面的交互品质，可把交互分为三种：反应式交互、主动式交互和双向式交互。     

论E—learning环境设计

E-learning环境是对各种数字化媒介为支持性条件的学习环境统合,旨在支持自主、探究、协作的解决问题。其设计存在着忽略交互的协同知识建构功能、学习目标线索的过于明晰化倾向、学习者的情感变迁机制依旧没有得到应有的研究以及新旧设计理念的冲突等问题。E—learning环境设计的重要性在于教和学不再是单纯的线形、封闭的过程,活动是E—learning环境的重要媒介,也是其中的产物,活动的社会化和情景化可以产生深度学习。E—learning的评价有其独特的一面,是预设评价和真实评价的结合。     

Updating and Not Shifting Predicts Learning Performance in Young and Middle‐Aged Adults

The goal of this study was to investigate whether single executive function (EF) tests were predictive for learning performance in mainly young and middle‐aged adults. The tests measured shifting and updating. Processing speed was also measured. In an observational study, cognitive performance and learning performance were measured objectively in 851 adult students and analyzed using multiple linear regression. EFs and processing speed were measured via cognitive tests. Learning performance was evaluated after 14 months. The results show that updating performance is predictive for learning performance, with a small effect size, while shifting performance was not. This means that a single updating test has predictive value for learning performance acquired over a longer period of time. However, as the effect size is rather small, the test on its own does not serve as a proper selection tool for determining whether a student will be successful or not.     

关于终身教育基本概念的逻辑思辨

自朗格朗在1965年的国际会议上提出“终身教育”的议题以来，终身教育已经走过了30多年的历程。终身教育作为全球瞩目的焦点，的确给人们带来了空前的理论上的贡献和实践中的成就。各个国家纷纷注重继续教育，实行远程教育．倡导终身学习，建立终身教育体系，以期向学习化社会进军。问题是终身教育到底是一种思想还是体系?远程教育、继续教育与终身教育是什么关系?学习化社会是不是终身教育的最高目标?学习化社会、终身学习和终身教育是什么关系?试图对这几个问题进行逻辑思辨。