现代教育与社会流动关系初探

论述了现代教育对个体在社会流动中充分发展自我、向上升迁的重要作用,提出了我国教育与社会流动中存在的问题及解雇该问题的几点认识。     

不锈钢光纤束管涡流检测参数的设计

不锈钢光纤束管的焊接质量影响光缆的使用性能,利用涡流擦伤法检测不锈钢光纤束管焊接质量,可以有效的检测、监控不锈钢光纤束管;介绍了涡流法在线检测不锈钢光纤束管时几个重要参数的确定以及确定这些参数所采用的一般方法。     

Thoughts on Engineer Training and the Annual Flow of Engineering Graduates seen in Relation to Industrial Development

France and several other industrial countries are currently affected by a period of economic recession. There has been suggestions in the media and from government agencies that the cause lies mainly in the lack of engineers. This proposition is analysed in terms of the French system and engineering courses are examined. This analysis yields highly interesting comparisons between the current curricula of six industrialized countries.     

落差指数法在水位流量关系单值化处理中的应用

在分析螺山水文站水位流量关系主要影响因素的基础上,选取13年的具有代表性的水位流量资料,用落差指数法进行单值化处理,阐述了处理方法,分析了成果精度。     

迈向学习型社会的职业技术教育

当前,处于工业化与信息化平行发展进程中的中国职业技术教育面临复杂而多变的社会需求,要求我们从现实需求和长远发展的结合上作出战略选择:以终身教育理念和学习型社会的目标,总揽和架构职业教育发展不同阶段的任务和实现形式;在职业教育发展进程中渗透和体现终身教育理念,逐步形成融入学习型社会的职业技术教育体系。对此,学习者、学习机构、学习制度必须实现相应转变。     

流速与压强关系的实验

"流体压强与流速的关系"是人教版物理教材中初中的内容,为了取得更好的学习效果,笔者指导学生利用手头易得的材料制作了一个小装置来进行探究,既加深了学生对这方面知识的理解和掌握,也增添不少学习的乐趣,又培养了学生动手能力和创造性的思维能力.     

流速与压强关系的实验

“流体压强与流速的关系”是人教版物理教材中初中的内容,为了取得更好的学习效果,笔者指导学生利用手头易得的材料制作了一个小装置来进行探究,既加深了学生对这方面知识的理解和掌握,也增添不少学习的乐趣,又培养了学生动手能力和创造性的思维能力。     

梯度作文教学及其运作

梯度作文教学,可理解为根据学生不同的生活经历、不同的作文水平能力和潜在的学习资源,用不同的教学方法和教学手段,对学生的现有生活经历、作文水平能力、学习资源进行合理的引导和开发,使不同水平层面和能力层次的学生得到最优化的开发提高.     

Exploring the Relation Between Prenatal and Neonatal Complications and Later Autistic-Like Features in a Representative Community Sample of Twins

Prenatal and neonatal events were reported by parents of 13,690 eighteen-month-old twins enrolled in the Twins Early Development Study, a representative community sample born in England and Wales. At ages 7–8, parents and teachers completed questionnaires on social and nonsocial autistic-like features and parents completed the Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test. Correlations between prenatal and neonatal events and autistic-like features were weak, both in the whole sample ( r  = .00–.07) and at the 5% quantitative extreme (phenotypic group correlations = .01–.11), after controlling for socioeconomic status and cognitive ability. Neonatal problems showed modest heritability (13%–14%) and significant shared and nonshared environmental influences (55%–59% and 28%–31%, respectively). Differences in identical twins' neonatal problems correlated weakly with their difference scores on autistic-like features ( r  = .01–.06).     

贵阳地区陆生贝类对农林的危害及防治

本文介绍了贵阳地区对农林业具危害的11科,14个种的陆生贝类,并对其防治方法进行概括总结。     

中国大学类意识的发展影响大学定位

大学类意识是指大学作为社会中一类群体对自身存在的合法性、生存理想的诉求和确证,对大学之有别于其他组织机构和大学之所以成为大学的内在精神的自觉追求和坚决维护,对大学作为社会特殊机构应该承担的社会责任的深刻反思。大学类意识决定着大学定位的合理与否。本文通过对中国大学类意识的形成和发展过程的历史考察,指出了当前中国大学类意识发展的不足及其对大学定位的影响。     

Defining Score Scales in Relation to Measurement Error

Scale scores for educational tests can be made more interpretable by incorporating score precision information at the time the score scale is established. Methods for incorporating this information are examined that are applicable to testing situations with number-correct scoring. Both linear and nonlinear methods are described. These methods can be used to construct score scales that discourage the overinterpretation of small differences in scores. The application of the nonlinear methods also results in scale scores that have nearly equal error variability along the score scale and that possess the property that adding a specified number of points to and subtracting the same number of points from any examinee's scale score produces an approximate two-sided confidence interval with a specified coverage. These nonlinear methods use an arcsine transformation to stabilize measurement error variance for transformed scores. The methods are compared through the use of illustrative examples. The effect of rounding on measurement error variability is also considered and illustrated using stanines     

中国创世神话与人文性

盘古神话作为中国的创世神话,与其他民族的创世神话相比,其最大的特色是它的人文性。中国古代神话虽然经历过历史化的改造,但它原创性、民族性的合理因子,仍然流贯在后来文化的肌体之中;而中国文化人文精神的源头,其滥觞处便是中国创世神话的人文性。     

开放式数控系统中步进电机的控制研究

在分析对控制系统的要求及步进电机的基本原理的基础上,介绍了基于PC机的步进电机控制系统,该系统以PC机为控制核心、以PCL839卡实现通讯联系,可实现开放式数控系统的精确自动控制。     

应用光纤陀螺提高激光多自由度测量精度

随着光电探测器件测量精度的提高和激光技术的迅速发展,国内外相继出现了多种多自由度测量系统,并且应用范围在逐步扩大。测量技术需要较高的测量精度和较高的测量分辨率,现有技术可能达不到有些测量需要的精度。而光纤陀螺的测量精度比较高,可以实现高精度测量。     

结构健康监测系统及其光纤传感技术的应用

光纤传感技术,是近几年才发展成熟的一项尖端技术,由于其有着普通电学传感技所不具备的许多优势,应用范围在逐渐扩大。着重介绍光纤传感技术在结构健康监测系统中的应用。     

Stepping Out of the Box: Rethinking the Failure of ICT to Transform Schools

Despite initial certainty ofpolitical purpose and considerable optimismregarding its effects on teaching and learning,the evidence of school inspector reports in theUSA, Scotland and England suggests thatinformation and communications technology (ICT)remains, at the beginning of the 21stCentury, a marginal force in the education of5–12 year-olds. Explanations for this havetypically been sought in analyses, byresearchers working in the `mainstream' ofschools and teacher education adopting anessentially rational or hyper-rational approachand focusing on inadequacies in resourcing,curriculum policy and training. Yet, othercurriculum changes have taken place despitecomparable barriers; teachers have made themwork. Consequently, it is not possible toexclude the potential for explanation which maylie beyond the essentially rational, systematicand structural arguments offered so far.Alternative avenues explored here include thesocial anthropological concepts of symbol,language, ideology, ritual and myth applied to20th-Century cycles of educational change, thesociological concept of subculture and humancomputer interaction (HCI) theory and models oftechnology acceptance.     

Neonatal Stress Reactivity: Predictions to Later Emotional Temperament

To investigate the relations among popular measures of neonatal stress and their link to subsequent temperament, 50 full-term newborns from a normal care nursery were examined responding to a heelstick blood draw. Baseline and heelstick measures of behavioral state, heart period, vagal tone, and salivary cortisol were obtained. Recovery measures of behavioral and cardiac activity were also analyzed. Mothers completed Rothbart's Infant Behavior Questionnaire when their infants reached 6 months of age. Baseline vagal tone predicted cortisol in response to the heelstick, suggesting that baseline vagal tone reflects the infants' ability to react to stressors. Greater reactivity to the heelstick (more crying, shorter heart periods, lower vagal tone, and higher cortisol) was associated with lower scores on "Distress-to-Limitations" temperament at 6 months. This finding was consistent with the expectation that the capacity to react strongly to an aversive stimulus would reflect better neurobehavioral organization in the newborn. Recovery measures of cardiac activity approximated and were correlated with baseline measures indicating the strong self-righting properties of the healthy newborn. Finally, vagal tone and salivary cortisol measures were not significantly related, suggesting the importance of assessing both systems in studies of the ontogeny of stress-temperament relations.     

青少年归因风格的特点及其与人格特质的关系

该研究以初中生为被试,采用儿童归因风格问卷和人格五因素问卷探讨了青少年归因风格的特点及其与人格五因素特质之间的关系。结果发现:(1)初二学生较初一学生更倾向于将正性事件归于不稳定的、特殊的原因,对正性事件归因更悲观;(2)男生较女生更倾向于将负性事件归于稳定的原因,对负性事件归因更悲观;(3)人格类型不同的青少年归因风格存在显著差异:和谐型青少年的归因风格最乐观,内向情绪型青少年的归因风格最悲观。