深刻转变中的我国高等教育

50多年来,特别是改革开放20多年来,我国的社会主义高等教育事业,以宏观改革为重点,取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就,确立并巩固了社会主义高等教育制度,高等教育宏观结构和管理体制改革取得了重大进展,基本形成了与我国社会需求和环境协调发展的层次、学科(专业)、类型和形式结构比较合理的高等教育体系,初步实现了高等教育的大众化,培养了大批专门人才,基本适应了我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的实际需要,制定了“科教兴国”的发展战略,开始走上了依法治教的轨道。以1999年6月《中共中央国务院关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的决定》的颁…     

Higher education scale and employment relationship in China

This paper reviews Chinese management research since its beginning more than thirty years ago. It then discusses the possible interplay between higher education scale and employment relationship, and suggests that it is time to take the road less traveled rather than to over-travel the more popular road. We conclude that the practice will prove the final judge on higher education reform and employment relationship, and the insights from this paper will help sharpen the understanding of the higher education challenges of China.     

高等教育慈善捐赠的美国经验及对我国的启示

高等教育的持续发展离不开强大的财力支撑,传统上依靠政府财政和学生学费的经费获取方式已难以为继。慈善捐赠作为一种资金筹集方式,是解决高等教育经费紧缺的有效途径。通过以美国经验作比较借鉴,对影响我国高等教育慈善捐赠的因素作深入分析研究,进而结合我国实际情况,就高等教育慈善捐赠的发展提出具体对策建议。     

Higher education in Japan

The present state of development of higher education is described and quantified. Notable characteristics of the system are (i) the predominance of private establishments, (ii) the variety of courses available, (iii) the wide social base from which students are drawn, (iv) the highly competitive nature of the entry procedures. The system faces many challenges including the linked problems of management and finance.     

乌兹别克斯坦高等教育

高等教育是促进经济发展、民族发展和国家发展的重要方式。1991年苏联解体,乌兹别克斯坦走向独立,新兴独立的乌兹别克斯坦政府把高等教育的发展摆在突出的地位,并通过不断地改革来促进高等教育的发展。本文主要以乌兹别克斯坦高等教育为研究对象,着重阐述乌兹别克斯坦高等教育体系的内容、层次、机构、体系改革、教育质量、师资、国际合作等方面,使读者对乌兹别克斯坦高等教育有进一步的了解,促进两国之间在教育领域的合作与交流。     

中国古代书院教育对我国高等教育的借鉴意义

书院教育是我国古代一种重要的教育形式,在教学管理方面,它把学生德育教育作为教育的核心,以学生自学为主、因材施教的教学方法,百家争鸣的学术交流,知行合一的教育理念以及和谐的师生关系等优秀经验对我国高等教育具有重要的借鉴意义。     

Higher education regionalization

Is the allocation of higher education resources a means to regional development? Although many governments have approached higher education as part of a wider regional policy, it is still very much an open question whether higher education regionalization really works. The evidence from the most conspicuous Scandinavian example of using higher education for regional development - the creation of Norrland University - indicates that the allocation of higher education resources may be conducive to breaking up traditional patterns of center-periphery interaction, but it also shows that the activities of the periphery play just as crucial a role as the special framing of the policy of the center in determining outcomes.     

Managing neo-liberalism with Chinese characteristics: The rise of education markets and Higher education governance in China

Reviewing the massification of higher education in China in the last two decades, this article critically examines how the education markets have emerged and developed in China through engagements with three major minban HEIs for addressing different development needs of the country. More specifically, this article discusses 1) the rise of minban (people-run) higher education developed by different local social forces; 2) the invitation of overseas universities to co-develop transnational education programmes for meeting citizens’ pressing demands for higher education; 3) the engagements of leading institutions from overseas for research capacity advancement. Through the analysis of these different types of non-state-run HEIs, we would appreciate how the Chinese government has skilfully transformed its higher education systems through the tactical adoption of neoliberal practices for education market formation in the country. The present article also reflects upon the unique university governance model in China, clearly revealing how state-university relationship has been affected by the unique and strong historical, political, and institutional traditions of the country.     

Higher education reform in Romania

This paper reviews the crisis in Romanian universities since the country's political transition in 1989, and describes the government's strategy for revitalizing the higher education system. Attention is drawn to the expansion of access to higher education, the dramatic increase of enrollments in social science fields, the spontaneous establishment of private higher education institutions, and to the many difficulties institutions are experiencing in coping with these changes especially because of resource constraints. Comprehensive reform of the role of the state in the financing and governance of higher education are proposed. The government's reform strategy involves accreditation of public and private institutions, establishment of open transparent mechanisms for allocating institutional and research funding, as well as changes in the structure of academic employment. Successful implementation will require strengthening the fragile management capacity of the Ministry of Education and the higher education institutions.     

营销理论视角下的高等学校管理

营销的实质是对需求的管理,营销理论视角下的高等学校管理要求在做总体规划之前,要对高等教育需求有较全面的了解与分析,在此基础上对高等教育市场进行细分,再以营销观念为导向规划总体发展战略,实施内部管理改革,开创品牌建设。战略的具体实施则可根据营销的4P制定相应的组合策略。     

Higher education and equity in Portugal

Abstract

The main topic of this article is to consider the role of the State in providing higher education in Portugal, paying attention to the fact that the privatisation of higher education has been in place since the eighties (Amaral 1999) and also that it is difficult for students and their families to find the monetary resources needed for attendance at university (Cabrito 1999). The discussion focuses on the funding of higher education in a quasi‐market situation (Le Grand et al. 1993), as Portugal hasn't escaped the universal trend towards privatisation of education (Whitty et al. 1998). In the last decade, the relationship between State, universities and students has been changing rapidly (Acherman et al. 1989; Barr et al. 1993; Williams 1990; Henkel et al. 1999), and some arguments are presented that equity in access to higher education must be guaranteed (Mora 1997; UNESCO 1998; Williams 1992). In this connection, the need is argued for free attendance on higher education and State subsidies to students to cover the costs of education. Firstly, the economic and social condition of university students is presented. Using data from two periods, one academic year from the 60s and one from the 90s, the increase in the degree of equity that the university system had known in recent decades can be verified. According to the analysis, the Portuguese population in general is better represented in the university student body nowadays, than in the 60s. Therefore, it is possible to discuss the maintenance of a low degree of equity in the Portuguese university system. For this, the economic and social condition of university students is compared with ‐ that of the Portuguese population in the 90s. Secondly, the expectations of the students of higher education are presented, in order to understand the value attached by them to a university degree, which explains the social demand for education. Finally, the costs of higher education, both private and public, are evaluated. From this evaluation, it is possible to conclude that the principal source of funding of higher education costs is the student and his/her family and to discuss the need for a more interventionist State in higher education financing.