The Influence of Dual Enrollment on Academic Performance and College Readiness: Differences by Socioeconomic Status

I examine the influence of dual enrollment, a program that allows students to take college courses and earn college credits while in high school, on academic performance and college readiness. Advocates consider dual enrollment as a way to transition high school students into college, and they further claim that these programs benefit students from low socioeconomic status (SES). However, few researchers examine the impact of dual enrollment on academic performance and college readiness, in particular, whether SES differences exist in the impact of dual enrollment. Even fewer researchers consider the extent to which improved access to dual enrollment reduces SES gaps in academic performance and college readiness. I find that participation in dual enrollment increases first-year GPA and decreases the likelihood for remediation. I conduct sensitivity analysis and find that results are resilient to large unobserved confounders that could affect both selection to dual enrollment and the outcome. Moreover, I find that low-SES students benefit from dual enrollment as much as high-SES students. Finally, I find that differences in program participation account for little of the SES gap in GPA and remediation.     

何以失效:新高考改革对理工科新生大学学业表现的影响

理工科人才培养质量直接关乎国家科技创新能力的长远发展.新高考改革期望通过升学机制调整撬动高中教育转型,促进理工科人才培养体系的衔接与贯通.全国高校学生发展调查数据和研究型大学师生访谈资料的分析发现,新高考改革并未有效提升理工科新生的大学学业表现,对承担拔尖创新人才重任的"985工程"院校理工科学生培养呈现抑制效应,其原...     

Relations between Risk for Sleep-Disordered Breathing,Cognitive and Executive Functioning,and Academic Performance in Six-Year-Olds

ABSTRACT

Research Findings: Optimal sleep is important for children’s learning and development. Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) refers to a spectrum of conditions from simple snoring to obstructive sleep apnea that is common in childhood and interrupts sleep. We examined pathways between SDB and academic performance of children (N = 163, M age = 6.2 years) one year after school entry. Measures included parent questionnaire and clinical assessment of SDB, standardized tests and rating scales of cognitive and executive functioning, researcher-administered literacy and numeracy tasks, and teacher-reported academic performance. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed direct and indirect paths between SDB and poorer academic performance. In indirect models, children’s SDB severity score was significantly linked to poorer executive functioning (β = .38, p < .01) and negatively associated with nonverbal reasoning (β = ?.21, p < .01). Poorer executive functioning, in turn, was negatively related to the verbal composite (β = ?.61, p < .01), with verbal and nonverbal composites associated with academic performance (βs = .56, .27, respectively, p’s < .01). Practice or Policy: These findings point to the need for attention to SDB and its links to potential cognitive sequelae across early development. Practitioners equipped with knowledge of SDB symptoms can facilitate referral for appropriate consultation and evaluation.     

Cognitive Test Anxiety and Academic Performance

A new measure that focused explicitly on the cognitive dimension of test anxiety was introduced and examined for psychometric quality as compared to existing measures of test anxiety. The new scale was found to be a reliable and valid measure of cognitive test anxiety. The impact of cognitive test anxiety as well as emotionality and test procrastination were subsequently evaluated on three course exams and students' self-reported performance on the Scholastic Aptitude Test for 168 undergraduate students. Higher levels of cognitive test anxiety were associated with significantly lower test scores on each of the three course examinations. High levels of cognitive test anxiety also were associated with significantly lower Scholastic Aptitude Test scores. Procrastination, in contrast, was related to performance only on the course final examination. Gender differences in cognitive test anxiety were documented, but those differences were not related to performance on the course exams. Examination of the relation between the emotionality component of test anxiety and performance revealed that moderate levels of physiological arousal generally were associated with higher exam performance. The results were consistent with cognitive appraisal and information processing models of test anxiety and support the conclusion that cognitive test anxiety exerts a significant stable and negative impact on academic performance measures.     

课程外拓展性学习行为对大学生学业表现的影响研究

课程外拓展性学习行为对大学生学业表现及其各个因子均存在显著正相关关系,课程外拓展性学习行为每增加1分,大学生的学业表现就可以提高0.384分。因此,大学生课程外拓展性学习行为需要适度增加。     

医学院校大学生学习性投入对学习成绩影响实证研究

自从我国实施大学扩招政策以来,大学教育质量的问题便备受关注。特别对地方医学院校而言,学生综合素质的培养与繁重的课业压力成为师生最为关注的热点问题。本研究旨在分析医学院校大学生学习性投入对学生学习成绩的影响,以期为改进院校教育和学生学习提供参考。     

课业负担与学业成绩关系的实证研究

本文通过大样本抽样调查发现学生的课业负担与学业成绩关系不大,甚至有轻微的负相关,因此建议对学生的合理学习时间进行研究;改变单凭考试成绩升学的做法,设计多元标准,构建学生全面发展的导向机制,形成减轻学生过重课业负担的动力机制.     

国家助学金政策对大学生综合学业成绩的影响——基于某大学的调研

利用某大学大学生调研数据,通过双重差分方法,评估并分析国家助学金对大学生综合学业成绩的影响及影响机制,助力高校一流专业建设.实证分析发现:相对于其他大学生,获得国家助学金的大学生综合学业成绩显著提高;国家助学金对大学生综合学业成绩的影响不存在性别差异、城乡差异.     

关于学生认知方式与学业成绩关系的探讨

本文以场独立—场依存性认知方式理论为基础 ,分析了学生认知方式与学业成绩关系 ,认为学生不同的认知方式对学业成绩的影响是复杂的 ,是非线性的 ,并进一步讨论了造成这一结果的原因 ,在此基础上 ,提出了今后该领域的一些研究方向。     

The Resilient Mind: The Psychology of Academic Resilience

Using six years of data chronicling the experiences of 50 academically resilient college students, this article focuses on the seldom-researched area of the psychology of academic resilience. Ubiquitous stressors such as subpar public schooling and the lack of social and cultural capital; psychosocial issues that arise during the resilience journey; and the compensatory psychological responses necessary to cope with the stress and, ultimately, thrive within the academic environment are explored in this article.     

健美操对女大学生身心健康的影响

运用调查测试法、数理统计法、文献资料法等研究方法 ,对女大学生参加健美操练习后 ,身体形态、机能、素质、心理适应能力等方面产生的变化进行研究。结果表明 :健美操对女大学生身心健康起着积极的影响作用。     

医学生的个性特征对学习成绩的影响

该研究的目的在于研究与其他专业的学生相比，医学生的个性特征中哪种更典型，更能影响医学生的临床前期课程学习。1997年，有785名学生进入了弗兰米西地区的大学学习医学，其中631名学生(占80．4％)进行了个性五因素的测定量表(NEO-PI-R表)测量，914名捷特大学其它7个专业的一年级学生也做了同样的测量。该研究还调查了这些医学生的期末成绩，第一学年有607名，第二学年413名，第三学年341名。结果表明，医学生的“外倾性”和“随和性”因素分值最高，“责任心”因素对临床前期的学习成绩的预测作用很大，“责任心”因素分值低而具有“社交”、“冒险”个性特征的学生更有可能无法通过考试。     

金融危机对青年大学生价值观教育的影响及对策探讨

当前这场国际性的金融危机反映了西方入主流价值观的局限,并为青年大学生价值观教育提供了一个思考比较平台和价值认同契机。抓住这一危机中的“机”,以社会主义核心价值体系引领大学生价值观教育,是当代马克思主义理论工作者的责任担当。     

Educating the Developing Mind: The View from Cognitive Psychology

Demetriou, Spanoudis, and Mouyi have provided a comprehensive view of the relation between a model of the mind and the process of education. The model they propose is based on cognitive theories of mental action, rather than neuroscientific evidence. I argue here that that is the correct approach, for a model of the information processing abilities of the mind is far more useful to educators than a model of the neural bases of cognitive processing. Demetriou, Spanoudis, and Mouyi's theoretical approach will be useful to the extent that it provides a framework for further, more specific models of specific situations.     

家庭资本对大学生在校学业表现影响研究——基于江苏省20所高校的调研数据

基于江苏省20所高校大学生的调研数据,分析了不同家庭资本拥有情况对大学生在校期间学业表现的不同影响。研究发现,家庭资本、学生籍贯及出生地会显著影响大学生在校期间的学习成绩、大学生担任学生干部情况、大学生在校期间获奖情况及大学生在校期间的英语水平。在此基础上利用社会再生产理论和家庭与学校联合生产理论对这一结果的作用机制做了概要阐释,并提出研究结论对当前大学生教育的启示。     

大学生社会实践活动对其人际关系心理的影响

为探讨大学生社会实践活动对其人际关系心理的影响,采用半结构性访谈对西南大学的68名大学生进行访谈,经过对访谈文本内容整理和分析得出结论：1.大学生社会实践活动的类型多样,以从事教职、公司挂职为主;2.社会实践活动改变了大学生对人际关系单纯、理想化的认识;3.社会实践活动使大学生掌握了更多的人际交往技巧;4.大学生社会实践活动改变了其对待人际关系的心态;5.社会实践活动使大学生在处理人际关系时更加包容、自信、合作;6.社会实践活动让部分大学生更注重人际关系的功利性和工具性。     

大学生非理性消费对金融政策法规的影响研究

在高校校园不断走向开放的过程中,社会的发展对校园环境的冲击越来越大,直接影响了大学生的消费观,造成了非理性消费行为越来越普遍。特别是由此产生的借贷行为不仅影响到了家庭,也给学校管理工作带来了困扰,有些极端例子甚至引起了全社会的关注。出于对学生的关爱,国家金融行政部门不断出台政策法规,应对高校金融环境的变化。     

The Influence of Class-Size Variations on Cognitive and Affective Learning of College Freshmen

The influence of class-size variations on cognitive and affective learning was measured by use of a 15-concept semantic differential scale and a teacher-made test. A Non-equivalent Control Group design was employed with two groups of college freshmen (N = 320). After attending a weekly lecture, 160 Ss were divided into eight permanent discussion sections (twenty Ss each) for two weekly meetings. Small-group discussions emphasized critical examination of feelings and their impact on evaluation of personal, social, and professional problems. The remaining 160 Ss (serving as a control) were divided into three conventional classes (fifty-five Ss each) for similar purposes. No significant differences were revealed from an ANOCOVA (analysis of covariance) analysis. Within the limits of this study, it appeared that large-group lectures combined with small-group discussions, were as effective as conventional classes of fifty to sixty Ss.     

大学生认知风格与学习策略及学业成绩的相关研究

采用EFT和LASSI对205名大学生进行实验研究,探讨当前大学生认知风格特点与学习策略及学业成绩的关系。结果表明:大学生认知风格不存在性别差异,但学科差异显著;认知风格与学业成绩之间不存在相关;文理科不同认知风格大学生在时间管理、焦虑、专心和信息加工策略量表上得分有差异;文理科大学生高学业成绩组与低学业成绩组在学习策略分量表上得分差异显著,高学业成绩组得分显著高于低学业成绩组。     

The Influence of Individual Cognitive Style on Performance in Management Education

This paper reports the outcomes of an empirical study undertaken to explore the possibility that cognitive style may be an important factor influencing performance on certain types of task in management education. A total of 412 final year undergraduate degree students studying Management and Business Administration were tested using the Allinson- Hayes Cognitive Style Index. Their cognitive styles were then compared with assessment grades achieved for academic modules, the task categories of which were deemed to be consonant with either the Wholist/Intuitive or the Analytic style of working. Overall ability defined by final degree grades was also tested against individuals' cognitive styles. As expected, students whose dominant cognitive styles were Analytic attained higher grades for long-term solitary tasks involving careful planning and analysis of information. However, contrary to expectations, performance on tasks believed to be more suited to the Wholist/Intuitive style was also higher for Analytic individuals, as was overall ability defined by final degree grades. The results were discussed in terms of the nature of the tasks and the need for methods of performance assessment that are independent of an orientation bias. Without this, it is argued, employment selection criteria may favour the wrong type of candidate in some circumstances.