自我效能在体育锻炼行为改变过程中的中介作用分析

分析自我效能在个体体育锻炼行为改变过程中的作用,以探索体育锻炼情境下跨理论模型的内在结构。以在校大学生为研究对象,运用文献资料法、问卷调查法和数理统计法进行研究。结果表明,除锻炼代价以外,行为变化阶段与模型各结构之间存在显著相关,锻炼收益、自我效能与变化阶段的相关系数达到显著性水平(P<0.05),认知过程、行为过程均与变化阶段之间存在显著正相关。结论:(1)自我效能在锻炼收益对变化阶段的作用中起着完全中介作用,锻炼收益对变化阶段(R2=0.014)和自我效能(R2=0.017)的预测效应较弱;(2)自我效能在认知过程对变化阶段的作用中起着部分中介作用,在行为过程对变化阶段的作用中亦起着部分中介作用。     

大学生体育锻炼与自我效能感的关系:身体协调性的中介作用

本研究旨在探讨体育锻炼对大学生自我效能感的影响,以及协调性在其中的作用机制。研究采用问卷调查的方法,共收集421个有效样本。数据分析主要采用结构方程模型中因子分析和路径分析的方法。研究结果发现:(1)体育锻炼对个体协调性有显著的正向影响;(2)体育锻炼对一般自我效能感有显著的正向影响;(3)协调性在体育锻炼-一般自我效能感之间具有显著的完全中介作用。研究结果表明,在青年学生群体中,体育锻炼是提高协调性的有效手段,并且能够通过协调性进而提升一般自我效能感的水平,增强他们完成任务、适应社会的信心。     

大学生学习倦怠对自我效能感的影响：体育锻炼的中介效应

为了探讨大学生学习倦怠对自我效能感的影响,并研究体育锻炼的中介效应。选用大学生学习倦怠量表（LBUS）、中文版一般自我效能感量表（GSES）和体育活动等级量表（RARS-3）对778名大学生进行调查分析,结果显示：大学生具有较好的自我效能感,但是学习倦怠和体育锻炼情况不佳,在体育锻炼和自我效能两个变量中,男生和女生具有显著性差异,男生的体育锻炼情况和学习倦怠情况优于女生。学习倦怠和体育锻炼、自我效能感显著性负相关,体育锻炼和自我效能感显著正相关。回归结果显示,学习倦怠对自我效能感和体育锻炼的回归效应显著,学习倦怠在体育锻炼的基础上对自我效能感回归效果显著,体育锻炼属于部分中介效应,占总变量的7.00%。SEM模型拟合度适可,验证了体育锻炼在学习倦怠对自我效能感的影响中具有部分中介效应。     

身体锻炼对大学生身体自尊和一般自我效能感的影响

采用文献资料法、数理统计法对大学二年级学生的身体锻炼、身体自尊和一般自我效能感等现状进行分析,旨在探讨身体锻炼对大学生身体自尊和一般自我效能感的影响.结果表明:男大学生与女大学生的身体自尊差异不显著,男生高于女生;锻炼强度对\"运动能力\"、\"身体状况\"和\"身体素质\"维度上的作用比较显著;锻炼时间对\"身体自我价值感\"和\"身体吸引力\"维度上的作用比较显著;锻炼强度和锻炼时间的交互作用对身体自尊和一般自我效能感的影响不最著;身体锻炼与一般自我效能感相关性不显著.     

同伴支持对内高班青少年体力活动水平影响的研究——以自我效能感、运动愉悦感作为中介变量

本研究采用青少年体育活动促进模型作为分析框架,从上海四所高中的内招班随机抽取789名高中学生作为研究对象,进行自评式问卷调查并发放问卷,采用结构方程模型中的自助法(bootstrapping),比较自我效能感和运动愉悦感在内高班同学的同伴支持对其体力活动行为影响的中介程度。研究结果显示,在控制自我效能感和愉悦感作为中介效应后,同伴支持与内高班中学生的体力活动水平仍然有关联性;同伴支持能通过自我效能或愉悦感间接影响其体力活动,且自我效能感表现出较强的中介效应;研究验证了串联的中介效应,即自我效能、愉悦感依次介导了同伴支持和体力活动之间的关系。基于以上研究结论,本文对如何更好地开展内高班学生体育锻炼提出了若干干预措施和建议。     

朋友支持提升大学生有氧体适能的路径:身体活动和自我效能的中介作用

提升大学生身体活动和有氧体适能水平,促进大学生身心健康,是建设健康中国的必然要求。以甘肃省6所高校的1188名大学生为调查对象,采取问卷调查的方法进行朋友支持身体活动量表、自我效能感量表、身体活动问卷和有氧体适能的测试,运用相关分析、逐步回归分析和结构方程模型对朋友支持、自我效能感、身体活动和有氧体适能之间的关系进行探讨。研究发现:1)朋友支持正向预测大学生身体活动和自我效能感;2)自我效能感在朋友支持与身体活动之间起中介作用;3)朋友支持通过两条路径即朋友支持→身体活动→有氧体适能和朋友支持→自我效能感→有氧体适能来提升大学生的有氧体适能。建议:1)学校可组建各种体育社团,组织以朋友为基础的各类比赛,鼓励朋友相互激励参与体育锻炼,充分发挥朋友支持系统提升自我效能感和身体活动来促进有氧体适能;2)改善大学校园体育锻炼环境,使大学生熟练掌握多项运动技能,锻炼环境的可达性、运动技能的可选择性可有效增强大学生参与体育锻炼的自我效能感,进而促进身体活动和有氧体适能。     

基于体育锻炼的阶段变化模型干预对肥胖小学生自我效能、自尊及体重影响的研究

以阶段变化理论模型（TTM）为基础,采用类试验研究法对随机抽取的4~6年级34名肥胖小学生为试验对象,对其自我效能、自尊水平及BMI值运用变化阶段量表、自我效能量表、自尊量表进行基线调查与评估（T0）并依据此结果实施基于体育锻炼的TTM模型干预,并在指导干预后的第1个月（T1）、第3个月（T3）及第6个月（T6）测量试验对象的自我效能、自尊及BMI值。结果：肥胖小学生从T0～T6时间点的自我效能及自尊在不断增加;自我效能除T1与T0相比不具统计学意义,其余时间点的差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.001）;自尊水平仅在T6与T0、T6与T1相比显示有统计学意义（P<0.05）;试验对象随着锻炼行为不同阶段的向前推进,其自我效能及自尊水平逐渐提升,且不同阶段多重比较具有显著性差异;不同时间点和不同阶段的BMI值有一定幅度的下降,但不具统计学意义。结论：基于体育锻炼的TTM较长时间干预能够有效提高肥胖儿童的自我效能及自尊水平,强化其锻炼动机,使其控制体重和心理健康朝向良心循环发展。     

大学生身体自我效能与生活满意度之间关系：锻炼态度的中介作用

本研究探讨了大学生身体自我效能与生活满意度的关系,以及锻炼态度在其中的中介作用。共有122名大学生完成了一项包括身体自我效能(张拥军：身体自我效能量表)、锻炼态度(毛荣建：锻炼态度量表)和生活满意度(张兴贵等：青少年学生生活满意度量表)的调查。通过相关分析和多元回归分析表明,这些变量之间存在正相关关系,即身体自我效能和锻炼态度可以显著预测生活满意度。采用bootstrap方法(Preacher&Hayes, 2012)来评估锻炼态度的中介作用,充当中介变量的锻炼态度在身体自我效能对生活满意度的检验中,发现身体自我效对生活满意度显著影响消失,表明锻炼态度在身体自我效能与生活满意度之间的关系具有完全中介作用。结果表明,锻炼态度对提高生活满意度具有重要的作用,说明通过个体身体能力信念形成积极的锻炼态度可以提高大学生的生活满意度。     

体育锻炼对大学生身体自尊和一般自我效能的影响

采用身体锻炼等级量表、一般自我效能量表和身体自尊量表对大学生进行调查,探讨一般自我效能、身体自尊及其与体育锻炼的关系。结果显示：大学生身体锻炼量、体育锻炼史、一般自我效能、身体自尊在性别上有显著差异;大学生身体锻炼量、体育锻炼史在专业上存在显著差异;不同水平身体自尊在身体锻炼量和体育锻炼史上存在显著差异。     

农村留守儿童家长支持与身体活动的关系:基于锻炼动机与锻炼自我效能的链式中介模型

目的 家长支持对儿童青少年身体活动的影响机制及其之间的关系尚不明确,旨在探究家长支持、锻炼动机和锻炼自我效能感对留守儿童身体活动的关系。方法 采用问卷调查法、数理统计法对实验对象以及结果进行分析。结果 1)家长支持对农村留守儿童身体活动之间存在正相关关系,对身体活动具有显著的预测作用(β=0.29,p<0.001);2)锻炼动机、锻炼自我效能在家长支持对身体活动的影响过程中的均起到部分中介的作用,中介效应值分别为:0.035、0.119;3)除健康动机、外貌动机、乐趣动机、社交动机和健康因子外,其余的预测变量对身体活动都有显著的预测作用(p<0.05);4)锻炼动机和锻炼自我效能在家长支持和农村留守儿童身体活动之间起到链式中介作用,链式中介效应值为0.093,占总效应的21.7%。结论 1)家长支持能显著正向预测农村留守儿童身体活动;2)家长支持也能通过锻炼动机和锻炼自我效能感的中介效应间接影响农村留守儿童身体活动。中介效应包括3条路径,即锻炼动机和锻炼自我效能感的个体中介效应以及锻炼动机和锻炼自我效能感的链式中介效应。     

运用跨理论模型对蒙古族大学生体育锻炼行为改变的研究

主要采用修订的"蒙汉"双语文字的《蒙古族大学生体育锻炼行为改变量表》进行问卷调查的方法,运用跨理论模型对蒙古族大学生体育锻炼行为改变进行了研究,对内蒙古自治区1 000名蒙古族大学生的体育锻炼行为改变进行了实测和统计分析。结果表明,蒙古族大学生锻炼行为有阶段性的特点,基本呈"橄榄球"型的分布特点。在体育锻炼行为上,自我释放和自我管理与5个变化阶段高度相关,意识控制因素与后3个变化阶段高度相关,并在准备阶段出现了影响因素重叠的情况。     

Physical activity stages of change surveillance data shows that the majority of Hawai‘i’s Keiki (Children) meet the guidelines

Targeting Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander (NHOPI) children based on their physical activity (PA) stages of change (SOC) may improve intervention effectiveness. No known SOC surveillance system exists for NHOPI jurisdictions. The purpose was to determine the PA SOC prevalence over 5 years in children living in Hawai?i. Self-reported PA SOC from 5 cohorts (3–6 grade students) in Hawai?i were compared between cohorts and sex. The combined PA SOC distribution (n = 1726, 50.7% female) was: Precontemplation, 7.5%; Contemplation, 7.6%; Preparation, 9.9%; Action, 33.4%; Maintenance, 41.5%. There were no significant difference between cohorts 1 and 2 (n = 258), χ² (16) = 21.75, p = 0.15; 2 and 3 (n = 129), χ² (16) = 17.51, p = 0.35; 3 and 4 (n = 171), χ² (16) = 17.28, p = 0.77; 4 and 5 (n = 129), χ² (16) = 17.51, p = 0.35; and for all cohorts between males and females (p > 0.05). Most participants were in Action and Maintenance. Prevention efforts should emphasize maintaining PA levels. Extending PA behavior surveillance systems to include intention in NHOPI jurisdictions is warranted.     

Factors Associated With Transitional Shifts in College Students' Physical Activity Behavior

The Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska & Marcus, 1994) has been widely used as a framework for understanding exercise behavior change. The purpose of this study was to clarify equivocal research findings reported for model predictions when examining stage movement over time rather than static stages and to provide some evidence of the construct validity of transitional stages. Participants were female (n = 285) and male (n = 243) undergraduates (M age = 19.9 years, SD = 2.7) who completed previously validated questionnaires twice, separated by 9 weeks, that assessed stage of change, exercise behavior, processes of change, pros and cons of exercise, and exercise self-efficacy. Participants were classified into one of five transitional shift groups based on their responses at baseline and follow up: (a) stable sedentary, (b) stable active, (c) activity adopters, (d) activity relapsers, and (e) perpetual preparers. Results of a 5 (group) x 2 (time) repeated measures (RM) analysis of variance (ANOVA) examining exercise behavior revealed a significant interaction (p < .001) and supported transitional stage classification, with activity adopters and stable actives increasing exercise over time and relapsers decreasing activity. Separate 5 (group) x 2 (time) RM ANOVAs examining model constructs revealed no significant interaction for cognitive processes of change; however, activity adopters and stable actives reported significant (p < .01) increases in the use of behavioral processes over time, while only the activity relapsers and perpetual preparers reported decreases. Activity relapsers also reported significant (p < .05) decreases in the pros of exercise. No significant interactions were found for the cons of exercise behavior. Unlike findings reported in cross-sectional studies, increases in self-efficacy did not accompany increases in exercise stage. The findings strongly support examination of stage movement classifications rather than static stages, as these transitions provide greater insight into the mechanisms of exercise behavior change.     

The transtheoretical model in the context of physical activity in a school-based sample of German adolescents

Abstract

Physical activity in adolescents is an important public health issue. Regular participation in physical activity is associated with various health benefits. However, problems with motivational adherence to physical activity have been documented. The transtheoretical model is a model of behaviour change. This model, which consists of stages of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance, and processes of change, has not been extensively investigated in youth. In addition, the health-enhancing physical activity concept has rarely been applied in this context.

A cross-sectional design was used. A random sample of seven junior high schools from Bremen (Germany) resulted in a sample of 588 adolescents (50.5% males, mean age=15.0 years, s=0.67). Respondents completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing stages of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance, and processes of change. Univariate analyses of variance were used to identify which constructs differed significantly across the stages of change. Discriminant analysis was used to determine which variables best discriminate the stages.

Distribution of the sample across the stages was: precontemplation, n=175 (29.8%); contemplation, n=135 (22.0%); preparation, n=63 (10.7%); action, n=20 (3.4%); and maintenance, n=195 (33.2%). Significant effects of stages of change were found for self-efficacy, pros, and seven of the ten processes of change. In general, scores of these constructs increased across the stages. Cons did not differ significantly across the stages.

The results provide support for some of the assumptions of the transtheoretical model in a German sample of adolescents. Some of our findings raise questions about the usefulness of five discrete stages. From a public health viewpoint, tailored interventions based on motivational readiness to change would be fruitful, but further research is warranted.     

Correlates of Physical Activity Behavior in Rural Youth

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify correlates of physical activity behavior in a sample of rural, predominantly African American youth. Three hundred sixty-one fifth-grade students from two rural counties in South Carolina (69% African American, median age = 11 years) completed a questionnaire designed to measure beliefs and social influences regarding physical activity, physical activity self-efficacy, perceived physical activity habits of family members and friends, and access to exercise and fitness equipment at home. After school physical activity and television watching were assessed using the Previous Day Physical Activity Recall (PDPAR). Students were classified as physically active according to a moderate physical activity standard: two or more 30-min blocks at an intensity of 3 METs (metabolic equivalents) or greater, and a vigorous physical activity standard: one or more 30-min blocks at an intensity of 6 METs or greater. According to the moderate physical activity standard, 34.9% of students were classified as low-active. Multivariate analysis revealed age, gender, television watching, and exercise equipment at home to be significant correlates of low activity status. According to the vigorous physical activity standard, 32.1% of the students were classified as low-active. Multivariate analysis revealed age, gender, television watching, and self-efficacy with respect to seeking support for physical activity to be significant correlates of low activity status. In summary, gender and the amount of television watching were found to be the most important correlates of physical activity in rural, predominantly African American youth.     

大学生身体活动阶段变化与健康状况关系的研究

基于锻炼心理学领域中的"从无活动到保持活动的4步骤模型"(Four Steps from In-activity to Activity;FIT模型),以3 807名大学生为研究对象,探讨了大学生身体活动阶段变化与健康状况变量(身体体质、主观良好感、健康满意度和不适感)之间的关系。研究结果表明,处于活动阶段的个体,其健康状况水平均好于处于不活动阶段的个体;在3个活动阶段上,处于保持期(即长期保持规律性身体活动)的个体,其健康状况水平均好于处于探索期和波动期的个体;人口统计学变量和健康状况变量共同解释了17.6%的阶段方差变异(F=108.48,P<0.05)。验证了FIT模型中大学生身体活动阶段变化与健康状况之间的相关关系,为今后运用FIT模型诊断大学生身体活动变化阶段及其相应健康状况提供了实证依据。     

体育锻炼行为的跨理论模型研究进展

介绍了跨理论模型的主要内容、应用跨理论模型对锻炼行为的研究进展,以及跨理论模型的优点和局限性,在此基础上指出应用跨理论模型进行锻炼行为转变领域研究的发展趋势。     

Examining the sources of self-efficacy for physical activity within the sport and exercise domains

Self-efficacy theory is the most prominent sub-theory stemming from Bandura's social cognitive theory (1986). The theory posits that people will be more likely to engage in behaviors they believe they can successfully perform and avoid behaviors in which they feel they will be unsuccessful. Self-efficacy perceptions help to shape individuals’ efforts, affective experiences, and enjoyment of physical activities, particularly at higher intensities. The purpose of this literature review is to synthesize the current literature on self-efficacy for physical activity within the sport and exercise domains, focusing on the mechanisms through which self-efficacy perceptions are derived and concluding with a summary of positive and negative aspects of the literature and suggestions for avenues of further investigation.     

成年人身体活动变化过程的理论建构及其测量工具的研究

介绍了一个近期由中国和德国锻炼心理学家们共同构建的、针对成年人身体活动变化过程的理论——“从无活动到保持活动的四步骤模型”(Four Steps from Inactivity to Activity;FIT模型),并初步检验了基于FIT模型编制的测量工具——《成年人身体活动调查问卷》.研究认为,FIT模型系统地描述了中德两国成年人身体活动变化过程的阶段特点,以及与行为阶段转化密切相关的健康体质因素和社会心理环境的影响因素.所用调查问卷在两国成年人样本中均具有良好的心理测量学信、效度水平.今后可以在此基础上进一步开展系列实证性研究,以推动FIT模型在中德两国的发展.