学校教育对小学生性别刻板印象发展的影响与塑造

性别刻板印象是被广泛认同的适合于男性女性行为特点的信念。过早或过多地接受性别刻板印象会使儿童将活动及行为限制于与传统性别化角色相符的范围内,造成性别化偏向,阻碍潜力挖掘和全面发展。本文以国外性别教室研究为起点,着重分析学校教育中教师引导、观察学习两大因素对小学生性别刻板印象发展的影响,从如何减少性别刻板印象消极制约学生全面发展的角度提出建立无性别刻板化课堂、培养无性别刻板化学生的若干措施,以期为我国学校教育提供非智力因素教学的新视角。     

中小学生职业期望中的性别刻板印象及教育应对

中小学生的职业期待中存在明显的性别刻板印象。笔者对性别刻板印象予以分析,并就学校教育应如何帮助学生消除这些性别刻板印象提出了建议。     

中小学生职业期望中的性别刻板印象及教育应对

中小学生的职业期待中存在明显的性别刻板印象.笔者对性别刻板印象予以分析,并就学校教育应如何帮助学生消除这些性别刻板印象提出了建议.     

课堂中的“性别刻板印象”分析

性别刻板印象的普遍性和牢固性成为影响女性潜能发挥的因素之一。在此基础上,本文分析了课堂中"性别刻板印象",继而从后现代女性主义教育学的独特视角提出解决这一现象的对策。这一研究有利于对女性教育意识的提高,同时也有利于我国有效课堂教学的进行。     

学校隐形课程对女大学生性别刻板印象的影响

学校,不仅具有传授科学知识和人文知识的功能,而且也承担着对学生进行正确的社会性别意识教育的功能。但在现实情况下,学校的这项功能并没有起到与社会发展、进步相一致的作用,而是在不断地复制着传统的社会性别观念。大量的女性学生在学校中受到或深或浅的性别刻板印象的影响。学校中的隐形课程正是性别刻板印象的重要表现形式之一,不仅影响范围广泛,而且影响力颇大。本文正是通过讨论学校的隐形课程中制度层面和行为层面即学校人员结构和课堂师生互动来探讨学校隐形课程对女大学生的性别刻板印象的影响。     

教育领域中性别刻板印象研究的成果分析

自20世纪70年代以来性别刻板印象问题已经成为教育领域中的热点研究问题之一.综观国内外的研究成果,主要集中在以下几个方面:儿童青少年性别刻板印象的发展及表现;性别刻板印象对儿童青少年发展影响;性别刻板印象的影响因素;教育者的性别刻板印象及其对儿童的影响;性别刻板印象的去除等.     

性别刻板印象对高职女大学生的影响及其矫正

分析了性别刻板印象对高职女大学生身心发展的影响,并从社会性别视角提出矫正性别刻板印象的策略,目的是用正确的性别角色观念、理想的性别模式标准实施性别教育,促进男女两性心理健康和谐的发展。     

高校学生管理中的性别刻板印象问题

性别刻板印象在一定程度上反应了男女性别角色的不平等性,同时使这种不平等性固化和合理化。文章通过分析性别刻板印象的内涵以及学生管理工作中性别刻板印象的表现、影响及矫正途径,试图为提高学生管理工作的有效性及教育平等提供一点思考。     

高职女大学生就业中的性别刻板印象研究

从性别刻板印象这一社会心理学的视角,探讨了导致高职女大学生就业中存在性别刻板印象主要原因是社会偏见、性别隔离和集体无意识,提出应从社会、学校、个体层面对其进行矫正。     

基于社会性别理论的女大学生生命教育调查研究

性别角色冲突是女大学生自杀的主要社会原因之一,探明基于社会性别理论的女大学生生命教育的内容与方法是防止女大学生自杀的重要手段。使用自编女大学生生命教育问卷对1914名大学生进行调查。结果表明:本研究调查了大学生的生命教育观及对女性独特生理现象的看法,发现社会性别刻板印象对女大学生的生理现象及生命教育观点有较大影响,男性更多从消极角度来看待女性生理现象,并强调从生活层面来对女性进行生命教育。结论:男女两性对女性生理性别特征的看法存在性别刻板印象,分性别进行生命教育是必要的,女性需从社会性别理论视角来认识自身性别特征,并寻找适合自己的生命意义和自我价值实现方式。     

Gender representation in Hong Kong primary school ELT textbooks – a comparative study

This article seeks to investigate whether the improvement of the status of women in Hong Kong in recent decades, effected through various efforts to promote the values of equal opportunity concepts, is reflected in patterns of gender representation in primary school textbooks used in Hong Kong. A comparison of a popular series of primary school English-language textbooks that was published in 2005 with the same series published in 1988 (12 books in total) revealed increase in gender equity in the more recent books, including increased visibility of women both visually and textually. Nevertheless, the findings also revealed a perpetuation of some stereotyped images of the two genders and portrayals of women in a more limited range of social roles than men. The ‘male-first’ phenomenon and the visual and textual under-representation of women were still prevalent in the contemporary textbooks. The potential impacts on children of unbalanced gender representation in textbooks are discussed within the framework of social cognitive theory.     

高中语文教材中的性别角色塑造对学生性别意识的影响

教材是学校教育的核心要素之一,对于提高人的文化素养有着巨大作用,也是形成人的性别认同的重要载体,对学生的性别认同有着潜移默化的影响.以人教版高中语文教科书中的人物形象为研究对象,通过分析教材中的性别偏见与刻板化现象及影响,思考如何在教材编写和教学中帮助学生形成正确的性别观.     

Children’s Drawings: A mirror to their minds

Children’s drawings are thought to be a mirror of a child’s representational development. Research suggests that with age children develop more complex and symbolic representational strategies and reference points become more differentiated by gender. We collected two drawings from 109 5–13‐year‐old children (three age groups). Each child drew their family and their school and participated in an independent recall task. The results indicated significant gender and age differences in the number of details depicted in the family drawings. There were also significant differences between boys’ and girls’ stereotyped drawings, usage of proportionality, and clothing. With age, children tended to draw more aerial views of their school. The results are discussed in terms of the contribution children’s drawings can make to the study of cognitive development and vice versa, as well as their importance for education.     

Gendered education in a gendered world: looking beyond cosmetic solutions to the gender gap in science

Young people in countries considered to be at the forefront of gender equity still tend to choose very traditional science subjects and careers. This is particularly the case in science, technology, engineering and mathematics subjects (STEM), which are largely male dominated. This article uses feminist critiques of science and science education to explore the underlying gendered assumptions of a research project aiming to contribute to improving recruitment, retention and gender equity patterns in STEM educations and careers. Much research has been carried out to understand this gender gap phenomenon as well as to suggest measures to reduce its occurrence. A significant portion of this research has focused on detecting the typical “female” and “male” interest in science and has consequently suggested that adjustments be made to science education to cater for these interests. This article argues that adjusting science subjects to match perceived typical girls’ and boys’ interests risks being ineffective, as it contributes to the imposition of stereotyped gender identity formation thereby also imposing the gender differences that these adjustments were intended to overcome. This article also argues that different ways of addressing gender issues in science education themselves reflects different notions of gender and science. Thus in order to reduce gender inequities in science these implicit notions of gender and science have to be made explicit. The article begins with an overview of the current situation regarding gender equity in some so- called gender equal countries. We then present three perspectives from feminist critiques of science on how gender can be seen to impact on science and science education. Thereafter we analyze recommendations from a contemporary research project to explore which of these perspectives is most prevalent.     

Boys' Lack of Interest in Fine Arts in a Coeducational Setting: A Review of Sex‐Related Cognitive Traits Studies

Fine arts teachers' concerns about male underachievement in a Quebec coeducational high school, and a related survey showing boys' negative perceptions of fine arts motivated this interdisciplinary literature review. Referring to biology and cognitive science, the article explores concepts of sex‐related cognitive traits to help in designing sex‐adapted approaches to individual learning in art education. The nature‐nurture controversy still surrounds sex‐based cognitive differences studies, though science agrees that natural and socio‐cultural factors are somehow closely interwoven in the complex gender identity construction process. Sex‐related biological predispositions influencing cognition are proposed notably in ‘instrumentality‐expressiveness' and ‘empathising‐systemising (E‐S)’ theories. The article suggests that in the context of art education, these sex‐related cognitive models deserve study, because they could initiate sex‐adapted teaching strategies with the necessary flexibility and wider scope to overcome gender‐stereotyped biases and stimulate boys' interest in the arts. This suggested approach should not be confused with stereotype‐based pedagogy, which merely strengthens learned gender characteristics, producing or maintaining academic underachievement.     

Gendered experiences of inclusive education for children with disabilities in West and East Africa

Background. Education is a fundamental human right, yet many children with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries remain deprived of educational opportunities. The movement towards quality inclusive education (IE) aims to support all children at school. Although gender and disability are key factors influencing IE, limited research explores their combined influence. Purpose. This study explored the gendered experiences of IE for children with disabilities in West and East Africa. Methods. A qualitative interpretive secondary analysis was conducted on studies from Guinea, Sierra Leone, Togo, Niger, Zambia, and Malawi. Interviews with children, community members, and policy stakeholders were thematically analysed to explore intersections among gender, disability, and education. Findings. Boys and girls with disabilities experienced similar cases of social exclusion at school. However, girls with disabilities were further hindered by societal biases against their educational potential and by sexual abuse. While boys with disabilities were stereotyped as more capable, their experiences of emotional and physical violence were often overlooked. Implications. To achieve quality IE for all, strategies should aim to foster inclusive and safe school environments for all children, empower girls with disabilities to pursue education, and challenge gendered societal attitudes that hinder educational opportunities.     

农村初中女生性别教育的文化障碍及其对策

农村初中女生性别教育应立足于相应的性别文化之上。以＂男性为主导＂的性别文化,制约着农村初中女生性别教育的顺利开展。因此,树立女生主体意识的性别教育理念,建构体现男女平等的性别教育课程内容,建立突出性别关怀的性别教育评价体系,走一条性别文化的重建之路,就成为推动农村初中女生性别教育健康发展的关键。     

Gender in schools and culture: taking stock of education in Italy

When politicians discuss Italy's position in terms of achieving equality between men and women, the school environment is rarely called into question or mentioned. This is despite the fact that gender inequality remains a prominent feature of the Italian education system. The reason for this failure to perceive the problem, and the consequent lack of investment in policies for gender equality in education, derives from a massive misunderstanding: school is perceived by the public and the political class as one of the few environments within the highly sexist Italian social fabric in which equality has been achieved. On closer examination, however, it is clear that the Italian school is merely the image of a sexist society which in turn acts as the driving force for a traditional and stereotypical view of male and female roles. This article will discuss this perspective and investigate three areas of education that are problematic in gender terms: gendered educational choices; sexist stereotypes transmitted through textbooks; and the lack of adequate training for teachers.     

试论体育偶像崇拜

当代青少年学生崇拜体育明星的现象具有相当的普遍性，本提出学校体育开展以偶像为榜样的偶像教育，以期对学校的思想道德教育产生积极影响。