詹姆斯·凯瑞与美国传播学研究

詹姆斯·凯瑞是美国文化研究的主要代表人物,他提出的传播“仪式观”为美国传播学研究开辟了新的路径。他本人也成为美国70年代和80年代媒介理论研究复兴的一个主要推动者。     

James W. Seiler of the American Research Bureau

This article explores the contributions of one of the pioneers of ratings research, James W. Seiler, the founder of the American Research Bureau (ARB), the forerunner of Arbitron. Seiler and his small management team filled a small but productive window of time as the youthful ARB rode the crest of a giddy but short-lived success during the ‘50s and early ‘60s. The ARB was responsible for a number of leaps in product design-including popularizing the diary method, first for television and then radio, extending the number of weeks of measurement from one to four, measuring all U.S. T.V. markets at the same time (known as sweeps, which was to lead to first extended measurement of TV viewing beyond metropolitan areas), and using the first meter to capture audience viewing in real time (called Arbitron). It emerged as the key competitor against the Nielsen service in the battle to measure the local market for television until it withdrew from TV measurement in the ‘90s. Arbitron's success led it to monopolize the measurement of radio audiences, a position it currently holds.     

理论意图、内涵转换与语言限制——凯瑞“传播的仪式观”再审视

"ritual"的内涵大于"仪式",把"the ritual view of communication"翻译成"传播的仪式观"本身使得对凯瑞相关理论的误读成为可能。就由传播和仪式的关系建构的理论意图而言,凯瑞既是在类比层面又是在同一性层面使用仪式,但更主要的是在前者。在凯瑞以及对凯瑞的解读者对ritual或仪式的阐述中,"神圣典礼"是其核心内涵。但从文化研究的视角思考传播,除了"神圣的""有宗教隐喻的"以及"交际性交流"的ritual之外,理应包含其中的还有指向习惯、常规和惯例的ritual。技术赋能使得传播内容供给过剩正成为社会现实,从神圣内涵的ritual方向解读传播,其神圣性日渐式微或已变得世俗化。     

The University of Chicago Press and the rise of the “Chicago School of Sociology” 1892–1920

The University of Chicago (UC) Press was a major catalyst in the rise of the University of Chicago's Department of Sociology to preeminence by 1920 in American, indeed international, sociology. The role of the UC Press in this development has been overlooked, even though a majority of books and articles written by Albion Small, W. I Thomas, their cohort, and their students in this period bore the UC Press imprint. Editorial control of theAmerican Journal of Sociology, founded by Small in 1895, was exercised within the UC Department of Sociology due to its publication by the UC Press. The University's support through its scholarly press was vital in establishing nationwide recognition and scholarly authority for “Chicago Sociology” within the fledgling discipline. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A05BB023 00003     

W. W. Francis, patron of the Osler Society

Address delivered by E. H. Bensley of the Department of the History of Medicine at the Fiftieth Anniversary Commemorative Banquet of the Osler Society of McGill University, April 1, 1971.     

试论社会学芝加哥学派与传播学技术主义范式的建构

传播学史经常忽略社会学芝加哥学派在技术主义方面所做的理论贡献。该学派特别强调传播技术在促进人类心智进化与社会发展上的极端重要性,从而为传播技术主义范式的创立与发展打下了思想基础。但由于片面地强调技术,使芝加哥学派陷入了抽象的技术决定论泥潭,这也在一定程度上造成了传播技术主义范式的局限。     

钱存训先生与芝加哥大学东亚图书馆

论文是作者在"中美文化交流与图书馆发展国际学术研讨会"上的发言,着重介绍了钱存训先生在芝加哥大学东亚图书馆工作、进修、奋斗、成功的经历.