Community Radio Via Public Service Broadcasting: The Kothmale Model

Kothmale Community Radio (KCR) is one of five community radio stations operated by the government-funded public service broadcaster Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC). Community radio was originally introduced to Sri Lanka under an UNESCO-DANIDA ^{1 1}Danida is the overseas development funding arm of the government of Denmark. funded project called Mahaveli Community Radio (MCR).     

“自由”的抗争:从新闻专业主义到公共新闻业

新闻与政治息息相关。过去几十年美国新闻思想中,新闻专业主义、社会责任论和公共新闻业的对抗,均可以放置在积极自由和消极自由的框架里看待。建立在消极自由基础上的新闻专业主义,面对积极自由框架内的社会责任论、公共新闻业等理念的冲击,虽屡受质疑却始终不倒,其原因乃是在于整个美国社会及其民主政体对消极自由理念的笃信。     

Public Service Broadcasting in Four Countries: Overview

The structure, funding, and audience size of public service broadcasting (PSB) revealed in the four countries examined in the articles in this issue of The Journal of Media Economics differ markedly from one another but exhibit few surprises. PSB in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada is highly centralized, but relatively decentralized in the United States. The United Kingdom devotes the largest proportion of its gross national product to PSB, and the United States devotes the smallest. Similarly, PSB in the United Kingdom attracts the largest share of the television audience among the four countries, and U.S. public television attracts the smallest. Although the future relevance of PSB in Canada may be at risk, the provision of PSB in the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States seems likely to continue in its present form for the foreseeable future.     

关于图书馆事业公益性原则的思考

图书馆是一项公益性事业，追求公共利益曾是发展图书馆事业的基本目标。只是，图书馆的公益性并不决定于办馆方式，非国办图书馆同样具有公益性。图书馆的公益性并不反对追求功利价值和效率价值，它的公共利益之中也含有物质利益。图书馆的公益性与市场经济机制及原则并不矛盾，当代图书馆的公益性是以市场经济为基础的。     

关于图书馆事业公益性原则的思考

图书馆是-项公益性事业,追求公共利益曾是发展图书馆事业的基本目标.但图书馆的公益性并不决定于办馆方式,非国办图书馆同样具有公益性.图书馆的公益性并不反对追求功利价值和效率价值,它的公共利益之中也含有物质利益.图书馆的公益性与市场经济机制及原则并不矛盾,相反,当代图书馆的公益性是以市场经济为基础的.     

关于图书馆公益性原则的思考

图书馆事业是一项公益性事业，追求公共利益是发展图书馆事业的基本目标。图书馆的公益性并不决定于办馆方式，非国办图书馆同样具有公益性。图书馆的公益性并不排斥追求功利价值和效率价值，它的公共利益之中也含有物质利益。同时，图书馆的公益性与市场经济的机制及原则也不矛盾，当代图书馆的公益性是以市场经济为基础的。     

Crowdsourcing—an Introduction: From Public Goods to Public Good

“Crowdsourcing” is a practice that combines the concepts of “the crowd” and “outsourcing.” Introducing two articles on crowdsourcing in this issue, Nancy Proctor argues that—although we associate crowdsourcing with Web 2.0 and the social media revolution—its origins stretch back to the nineteenth century. Crowdsourcing is examined for its usefulness in creating radical new relationships between museum constituents, users, and institutions—putting the “wisdom of the crowd” in dialogue rather than in competition with formal institutional knowledge.     

公共广播电视:变与不变之间

1926年英国关于公共广播的政治决定诞生了世界上第一个制度意义上的公共广播电台。公共广播的制度设计最初是建立在一些不甚明晰的原则性理念之上的。随着实践的发展和学理的总结,这些理念逐步清晰,并日益完善,这些理念是世界广播电视的宝贵财产。本文试图清理数字时代公共广播理念的和现实的变迁,以寻求公共广播的实质精神及其当代含义。本文分为三个部分,首先介绍公共广播的理想信念的发展,其后说明公共广播实践的历史变迁,最后分析公共广播变化的概念和不变的价值——它的服务使命和核心制度。     

From Shelf to Spotlight: Rediscovering Modernist Books From Eastern Europe at The New York Public Library

This essay contextualizes the overall development of eastern European resources at the Library, highlighting some of the personalities who have contributed to building this internationally significant research resource. The development of the Baltic, east‐central European, and southern Slavic collections of The New York Public Library has been a neglected area of the Library's history. Reciprocity with institutions in the Slavic and Eastern European homelands played a vital part in the growth of the Library's holdings of materials in their languages until the collapse of the Soviet bloc. Library materials were acquired through local dealers, as gifts, and on international exchanges, as well as through personal visits to the region by library staff. Modernist books were an important part of these acquisition efforts.     

舆论研究:从思辨到实证

本文首先强调,包含等级制和驭民术思想的中文传统语境下的舆人之论,与戊戌变法时期梁启超等人倡导的立宪民主思想下的舆论概念,有着根本差异。文章简要回顾了西方自古希腊以来诸多思想家对舆论概念的颠覆与再颠覆过程,以阐明舆论研究有着很长的政治思辨传统。文章其次分析了当前国内外学术界对舆论本质的五种基本看法及其研究取向,并最后以实例证明,实证研究应成为现代舆论研究的发展方向。     

从自觉到重构--对我校播音学科教学改革的思考

作为新兴独立学科的播音学的建立是我国高等教育的创举,具有重要意义.21世纪对播音学科的发展提出了新的要求.危机与希望共存.本文系作者结合专业教改实践对危机与对策的思考.     

The Contradictions of Public Service and Commercialisation in Mid-century South African Broadcasting

This study focuses on the 1950 introduction of the commercial radio station, Springbok Radio, into the South African Broadcasting Corporation, a Commonwealth inspired public service broadcaster (PSB) resulting from the Schoch Commission (1948). The paper argues that the introduction of Springbok Radio was prompted by the financial crisis faced by the Corporation; the broadcaster’s attempt to broaden its appeal beyond elite audiences serviced by PSB; and the national imperative to centralise and control the broadcast sector by dominating it completely. Thus, the study examines the motifs of PSB versus commercialisation; high culture versus popular culture; and nationalism versus internationalisation.     

突发公共卫生事件下版权利益的失衡与制度修补

突发公共卫生事件下电影作品首映转网等争议案例的出现,反映出特殊时期版权产品在权利人与社会公众之间的供需失衡,以及版权保护与知识传播之间的利益失衡.究其原因,可以概括为三点,即收益格局的固化导致版权扩张,限制制度的瑕疵导致公众接触机会减少,许可机制的梗塞导致传播效率不高.基于此,在理念层面抓住媒体融合机遇营造共赢版权传播生态,在制度层面完善法定许可制度并尝试引入默示许可制度,在机制层面优化著作权集体管理模式并适当借鉴公益放映经验,是实现突发公共卫生事件下版权利益再平衡的解决之道.     

Covering Democracy's Forum: Canadian Press Treatment of Public and Private Broadcasting

A content analysis of Canadian press coverage of public service and private broadcasting conducted by NewsWatch Canada, a media monitoring project at Simon Fraser University, shows that the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation receives far more coverage than do private broadcasters. Moreover the institutional structures, mandates, and principles of private media networks tended to be excluded. These findings suggest that commercial media are viewed as private property and therefore outside the boundaries of legitimate political discussion. Both public and private broadcasters received more positive than negative coverage.     

Beyond Disciplines: Providing Outreach to Underserved Groups by Demographic

As more students, faculty, and staff from traditionally underrepresented groups enter universities and colleges, academic libraries must find ways to reach out to these groups in order to better meet their unique educational needs. In this article, librarians from two large public universities describe how they used data about their communities to determine which underserved groups might need additional outreach, and then marketed library tools and services to student veterans, students with disabilities, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) students.     

从政府管理到社会管理:我国公共图书馆委员会探析

我国公共图书馆管理本质上是政府管理,这种管理体制曾经发挥过很大作用,但是也存在很多缺点.改变政府管理的最佳选择是引入社会管理机制,建立公共图书馆委员会是实现这种选择的最佳路径.     

Public Service Broadcasting of Sport,Shows, and News to Mitigate Rational Ignorance

Rational individuals may use a tax or license-fee financed public service TV channel to mitigate the paradox of rational ignorance. The approach presented in this article assumes that increased consumption of information by voters improves democratic decisions, but marginal returns decrease. Depending on how fast marginal returns decrease, the public service TV channel broadcasts either only (unbiased serious) news or, to induce voters to watch the informational content, sports and shows (entertainment) as well.