The superstar phenomenon in the knowledge management and intellectual capital academic discipline

This paper reports on the first documented attempt to investigate the presence of the superstar (or Matthew) effect in the knowledge management and intellectual capital (KM/IC) scholarly discipline. The Yule–Simon model and Lotka's square law were applied to the publication data obtained from 2175 articles from 11 KM/IC journals. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the KM/IC discipline represents a very young, attractive academic field that welcomes contributions from a variety of academics and practitioners. In their paper acceptance decisions, KM/IC journal editors are not biased towards a small group of highly productive researchers, which is a positive sign that the field has been progressing in the right direction. The discipline is driven more by academics than by practitioners, and the distribution of articles is more concentrated among a few academic but not practitioner institutions. It was also observed that the Yule–Simon model and Lotka's square law may produce different distributions with respect to institutions.     

Unpacking the Matthew effect in citations

One problem confronting the use of citation-based metrics in science studies and research evaluations is the Matthew effect. This paper reviews the role of citations in science and decomposes the Matthew effect in citations into three components: networking, prestige, and appropriateness. The networking and prestige effects challenge the validity of citation-based metrics, but the appropriateness effect does not. Using panel data of 1279 solo-authored papers’ citation histories and fixed effects models, we test these three effects controlling for unobserved paper characteristics. We find no evidence of retroactive networking effect and only weak evidence of prestige effect (very small and not always significant), which provides some support for the use of citation-based metrics in science studies and evaluation practices. In addition, adding the appropriateness effect reduces the size of the prestige effect considerably, suggesting that previous studies controlling for paper quality but not appropriateness may have overestimated the prestige effect.     

搜索引擎马太效应研究

文章以搜索引擎领域为研究对象,论述搜索引擎领域中的马太效应显现的表现,根据相关数据,从规模效应、齿轮效应、资源效应等反面分析其产生的原因,提出率先进入行业领域,培养核心竞争力,向优秀企业学习等搜索引擎企业应对马太效应的策略。     

基于普赖斯定律和二八定律及在线投稿系统构建某科技期刊核心作者用户库

以某刊为例,根据普莱斯定律及2013-2015年在某刊的投稿情况设定满足条件:1)2013-2015年发文量≥2篇;2)A:2013-2015年连续3年均在该刊投稿;B:2014年或2015在该刊投稿量≥2篇的作者用户(满足条件2中的A或B均可)为高发文量且对投稿某刊有一定青睐程度的核心作者候选用户.根据二八定律确定文章被引频次或下载频次在各年排名前20％左右的文章作者为具有高影响力的核心作者候选人.将既满足高发文量、高影响力且对投稿某刊有一定青睐程度的作者用户作为该刊的核心作者用户群,构建核心作者用户库,通过为该批用户提供更加优质服务激发他们的写作热情和投稿热情,以吸引优质稿件.最终纳入74名作者用户为该刊的核心作者用户群,共投稿306篇,录用200篇,最高录用比100％,最低28.6％,平均65.4％,其中下载频次或被引频次在各年进入前20％的文章总数为99篇,占比49.5％,最高被引频次14次,最高下载频次314次.     

Researching Initiatives and Referenda: A Guide for Missouri

SUMMARY

This research guide is intended for those wishing to explore the history and develop a basic understanding of the initiative and referenda petition process in Missouri. The I&R process attracted national attention when Missouri's controversial Constitutional Amendment 2 dealing with stem cell research appeared on the ballot in the 2006 general election. Recently, there have been efforts to overturn this petition which narrowly passed. Hopefully, this guide will provide background and suggest paper and electronic resources for those wishing to study the process and determine what “paper trail” is available for initiatives and referendum in Missouri.     

A Bibliography of Littleton’s Tenures as an Archetype for the Study of Early English Legal Printing

For hundreds of years, bibliographies have been invaluable tools for researchers, collectors, and institutions, to provide contextual understanding as well as adding depth to collections. In this piece, the author uses his updated bibliography of the first 200 years of Littleton's Tenures to examine many aspects of early English legal printing. These include the development and evolution of the content of early legal materials, as well economic and other factors driving the market for printed law books. Preceding the bibliography is a list of fundamental bibliographic terms concerning early printing, contextually applied to Littleton's Tenures.     

我国区域公共图书馆公平与效率的马太效应研究

[目的/意义] 设计同时兼顾公平和效率的协调发展路径,对于我国公共图书馆在“十三五”期间保持区域均等化与效率的协调并重发展具有重要意义。[方法/过程] 首先利用超效率DEA模型测得我国各省份公共图书馆的效率,用财政补贴收入衡量我国区域公共图书馆的公平情况,然后利用Markov链模型考察公平和效率的“马太效应”,探索二者谁应该得到政府的优先调节,最后基于二维矩阵图设计公平与效率协调发展的实施路径。[结果/结论] 我国公共图书馆公平问题的“马太效应”较严重,而效率的“马太效应”则较弱,政府应该重点解决我国公共图书馆存在的“长期不公”问题。具体应精准扶持那些“效率较高、但财政补贴收入不高”的地区。     

Racism and Stereotypes in Electronic Media

This article discusses how racial, ethnic, and sexual stereotypes find their way into electronic media, both television and games. This article is presented here to help librarians understand the ethnic, racial, and sexual biases that are built into electronic communication and the importance of thoughtful media literacy analysis in watching over the electronic media that come into their collections and programs.     

剖析科技奖励的“马太效应”

用事实型数据进行分析和比较研究,探讨科技奖励中“马太效应”现象的积极作用与消极影响,并就如何积极引导和发挥科技奖励的激励作用、合理开展科技奖励的评审和发放提出3 条建议：利用“马太效应”的正面作用,培养创新型科技人才;建立严格规范的监管制度和基于普遍性原则的竞争机制,有效抑制或消融“马太效应”造成的不公;调整国家级科技人才计划的支持方式,均衡支持各层次和梯度的人才。     

Post-Master's Educational Needs of Information Professionals

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the post-master's educational needs and interests of information professionals. The population for the study consisted of members of the library associations of Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Ontario, Canada. About 78 percent of the respondents held a master's degree in library science, 22 percent a master's degree in another discipline, almost 1 percent was enrolled in a doctoral program, 1 percent possessed a doctorate, and 16 percent had some other degree. Given the choice of an LIS only doctoral program or one combined with the field of business administration or computer science, the participants expressed a slight preference for the LIS only program. Of the other fields suggested by participants, education and public administration were the most popular. Participants also expressed a strong preference for non-traditional modes of instruction.     

回归本源:论新时期科技期刊编辑的基本素养

时至今日,在习近平总书记“把论文写在祖国的大地上”的倡导下,科技期刊编辑义不容辞的责任无疑是通过自己的努力,吸引到更多的优秀论文并将其发表在祖国的科技期刊上.认为唯有传承并努力践行韬奋精神,诚心团结并精心培育作者,矢志并竭诚为读者服务,尊重但不迷信学术权威,才能通过恪守工匠精神以回归编辑工作的本源.     

基于儿童认知发展特点的展览策划实践与反思——以金沙遗址博物馆儿童展览为例

本文以金沙遗址博物馆两个儿童展览为例,运用儿童认知发展理论分析探讨展览策划实践的成功与失败之处,提出儿童展览的内容和形式应结合目标观众群所处认知发展特点来设计,并借助环境—行为影响和支架式引导促进儿童的主动参与和融入学习,从而真正实现儿童展览策划的最终目的。     

洛特卡分布拟合方法的比较研究

本文通过对洛特卡分布的三种拟合方法进行比较、分析、评价,指出非回归分析的洛特卡定律的拟合方法是三种方法中最优的方法。     

以儿童视角创设真实世界的生活情境——浅析科技馆儿童展厅创新设计理念

当前科技馆儿童展厅展览设计存在过早学科化和过度娱乐化的问题。本文将儿童认知发展理论、教育游戏理论和情境学习理论相结合,认为儿童科学教育应构建一个能激励儿童探索欲望,还原科学实验的过程和相关方法,可以让儿童获得“直接经验”的有故事有温度的真实情境,以此激发儿童的创造力和提高科学学习的兴趣。通过对沙迦探索中心和日本大阪儿童博物馆的分析,强调以儿童视角来模拟体验真实世界的生活场景这一方式,为创新设计儿童展厅的新理念提供思路。     

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