我国“985工程”高校科研合作网络研究

高校已经成为国家科技创新体系中的重要组成部分,随着科研活动集体化趋势不断增强,高校之间的科研合作日益增多,有关高校科研合作问题的研究具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。本文选取我国39所985工程高校作为研究样本,借鉴社会网络分析工具和方法,从整体网络分析、网络密度分析、核心-边缘结构分析、网络节点中心性分析等几个方面对高校之间的科研合作关系进行全方位、多角度的计量分析。研究结果表明,我国39所985工程高校之间已经初步建立了广泛的科研合作关系,但合作强度还有待于提高。另外,各个高校的发文量与其度数中心性存在显著的正相关关系,表明加强科研合作能够在一定程度上提高高校的科研产出数量。     

基于科学数据的合作网络研究——以ClinicalTrials.gov临床试验数据为例

[目的/意义]基于科学数据构建合作网络,并与传统出版物合作网络进行比较,从网络分析层面解读两个合作网络的差异,为科学数据管理工作提供借鉴。[方法/过程]以ClinicalTrials.gov网站的临床科学数据库为例,利用爬虫抓取该网站上传统论文题录信息以及临床试验信息的元数据并分别构建合作网络,通过复杂网络分析比较试验合作机构网络与论文合作机构网络之间的异同。[结果/结论]基于科学数据集和论文数据集的元数据构建的合作网络,与仅从论文数据集中提取元数据构建的网络相比,前者能够展现更丰富准确的合作信息,从而揭示科学数据管理和开放共享的重要性。     

基于科研网络的潜在合作关系预测研究综述

[目的/意义]合理预测科研领域的潜在合作关系有助于优化资源配置,提升科研产出效率。从科研网络出发的潜在合作预测研究日益增长,需要系统总结。[方法/过程]在CNKI和Web of Science中检索并筛选出基于科研网络的潜在合作关系预测方法的研究,从年发文量、期刊分布对目标文献集进行统计分析。使用内容分析法,梳理出预测潜在合作关系的一般流程,描述步骤中的方法。[结果/结论]潜在合作关系预测一般流程为网络构建、特征提取与表示、合作预测和预测结果评价,其中构建的网络可分为同质网络、异质网络和二分网络,特征提取和表示可分为节点内容特征和网络结构特征,合作预测的方法主要有基于相似性的方法和基于机器学习的方法,预测结果评价的指标为AUC、Precision和Ranking Score;现有方法的局限性启示了未来潜在合作关系预测的发展方向。     

Public-private collaboration and scientific impact: An analysis based on Danish publication data for 1995–2013

In the past few decades, there has been increasing interest in public-private collaboration, which has motivated lengthy discussion of the implications of collaboration in general, and co-authorship in particular, for the scientific impact of research. However, despite this strong interest in the topic, there is little systematic knowledge on the relation between public-private collaboration and citation impact. This paper examines the citation impact of papers involving public-private collaboration in comparison with academic research papers. We examine the role of a variety of factors, such as international collaboration, the number of co-authors, academic disciplines, and whether the research is mainly basic or applied. We first examine citation impact for a comprehensive dataset covering all Web of Science journal articles with at least one Danish author in the period 1995–2013. Thereafter, we examine whether citation impact for individual researchers differs when collaborating with industry compared to work only involving academic researchers, by looking at a fixed group of researchers that have both engaged in public-private collaborations and university-only publications. For national collaboration papers, we find no significant difference in citation impact for public-only and public-private collaborations. For international collaboration, we observe much higher citation impact for papers involving public-private collaboration.     

机构合作网络的特征挖掘及演化分析

文章应用复杂网络的相关知识,对国内的医药学文献数据进行数据挖掘.以机构为研究对象,通过构建机构科研合作网络,对网络的静态参数、拓扑结构、动态演化进行挖掘分析,找出机构间科研合作网的静态特征,并以年为单位切分时间片,分析网络的动态演化特征.通过研究得出机构合作网络的静态参数,同时发现,机构科研合作网络有明显的局部化特征,它的主网络是一个小世界网络,具有无标度特性.机构的影响力和活跃度不仅体现在发文量上,同时也体现在与其他机构的合作程度上.     

科研合作网络的重要作者发现

近年来,使用复杂网络理论对文献的科研合作网进行分析得到了广泛的研究.文章对DBLP数据库中1998年至2007年的作者合作数据构造科研合作网络,并且通过复杂网络的基本统计度量,如度、聚集系数等对网络的总体面貌进行了宏观上的描述.在微观层面,文章提出了高效的重要作者发现算法,能够从作者的合作数量以及合作范围对重要作者进行排名.通过分析科研合作数据作者的影响力,从而为科研人才评价提供参考.     

Visualization of ranking data: Geographical signatures in international collaboration,leadership and research impact

In this work we address the comprehensive Scimago Institutions Ranking 2012, proposing a data visualization of the listed bibliometric indicators for the 509 Higher Education Institutions among the 600 largest research institutions ranked according to their outputs. We focus on research impact, internationalization and leadership indicators, which became important benchmarks in a worldwide discussion about research quality and impact policies for universities. Our data visualization reveals a qualitative difference between the behavior of Northern American and Western European Higher Education Institutions concerning International collaboration levels. Chinese universities show still a systematic low international collaboration levels which are positively linked to the low research impact. The data suggests that research impact can be related directly to internationalization only to rather low values for both indicators. Above world average, other determinants may become relevant in fostering further impact. The leadership indicator provides further insights to the collaborative environment of universities in different geographical regions, as well as the optimized collaboration portfolio for enhancing research impact.     

上海激光领域论文合著网络与引文网络比较研究--基于国内省际合作视角

为探究上海市在国内激光领域研究中的科研合作情况,本文以上海激光领域研究为实验对象,从网络指标、h子网h度、具体节点、主题内容等方面对WOS核心合集中的国内合著网络和引文网络进行了深入的比较和研究。论文揭示了上海市与各省市之间的论文合著与引用现状及差异,明确了其获得的智力支持情况,发现北京市和台湾地区是其最主要的支持主体。     

在线知识交流回帖动因的个案研究

采用整合社会网络分析、内容分析和访谈等方法的分析框架,从回帖的角度研究一个在线知识交流的个案,探讨影响回帖的因素。研究发现,发帖者之间的“关系”、主帖的质量以及参与者的核心度是回帖的重要动因,通过改进这些因素可以增加回帖数量,促进在线知识交流,提高在线协作的质量。     

Statistical relationships between corresponding authorship,international co-authorship and citation impact of national research systems

This paper presents a statistical analysis of the relationship between three science indicators applied in earlier bibliometric studies, namely research leadership based on corresponding authorship, international collaboration using international co-authorship data, and field-normalized citation impact. Indicators at the level of countries are extracted from the SIR database created by SCImago Research Group from publication records indexed for Elsevier’s Scopus. The relationship between authorship and citation-based indicators is found to be complex, as it reflects a country’s phase of scientific development and the coverage policy of the database. Moreover, one should distinguish a genuine leadership effect from a purely statistical effect due to fractional counting. Further analyses at the level of institutions and qualitative validation studies are recommended.     

Scientists’ genders and international academic collaboration: An empirical study of Chinese universities and research institutes

In the previous literature, no clear conclusions have been reached about the effect of gender differences on research performance (RP) in science, as measured by publication productivity, number of citations, and academic awards. Meanwhile, a gap also exists in the research regarding gender differences in international academic collaboration. To complement the existing literature, this study investigated the achievements of scientists engaged in international academic collaboration, which places heavy demands on language and communication skills and in which female scientists appear to have more advantages than male scientists. We investigated the effect of international collaboration carried out by chemists from China’s Project 985 universities and the Chinese Academy of Sciences and compared the extent to which the international collaboration improved female and male scientists’ academic performance. The results indicated that, compared to male scientists, female scientists performed better and significantly improved their academic performance through international collaboration. This conclusion was valid for different periods throughout chemists’ academic careers. The policy implications are discussed at the end of this study.     

科学地图在情报研究中的应用研究

文章在对科学地图的概念及分类进行简介的基础上,介绍了国际上科学地图研究的主要机构及其近期研究现状,重点分析了基于论文和基于专利的科学地图可视化研究进展,最后对几款实用的可视化分析工具进行简要推介.     

Network assembly of scientific communities of varying size and specificity

How does the collaboration network of researchers coalesce around a scientific topic? What sort of social restructuring occurs as a new field develops? Previous empirical explorations of these questions have examined the evolution of co-authorship networks associated with several fields of science, each noting a characteristic shift in network structure as fields develop. Historically, however, such studies have tended to rely on manually annotated datasets and therefore only consider a handful of disciplines, calling into question the universality of the observed structural signature. To overcome this limitation and test the robustness of this phenomenon, we use a comprehensive dataset of over 189,000 scientific articles and develop a framework for partitioning articles and their authors into coherent, semantically related groups representing scientific fields of varying size and specificity. We then use the resulting population of fields to study the structure of evolving co-authorship networks. Consistent with earlier findings, we observe a global topological transition as the co-authorship networks coalesce from a disjointed aggregate into a dense giant connected component that dominates the network. We validate these results using a separate, complimentary corpus of scientific articles, and, overall, we find that the previously reported characteristic structural evolution of a scientific field's associated co-authorship network is robust across a large number of scientific fields of varying size, scope, and specificity. Additionally, the framework developed in this study may be used in other scientometric contexts in order to extend studies to compare across a larger range of scientific disciplines.     

科研合作网络中的模体涌现模型

基于科研论文的作者合作关系的演化特性,建立了一个科研合作网络的模体涌现模型.通过分析网络模型的内部特性,发现该类网络是一个无尺度网络,而且网络的模体度分布和节点连接强度分布具有相同的幂指数.最后应用计算机仿真实验和作者合作网络实证分析,发现实验结论和实证结论与模体涌现模型的理论分析结论一致,对本文结论提供了强有力的支持.     

适用于科学合作的知识媒介算法改进

在社会网络分析的桥连结算法基础上,结合齐美尔连结,提出适合于科学合作的知识媒介算法。使用知识媒介算法对科学计量学国际期刊Scientometrics的合作者数据进行实验分析。结果表明,相对于桥连结算法,该知识媒介算法有助于识别具有媒介作用的科学研究者。     

Understanding the assembly of interdisciplinary teams and its impact on performance

Interdisciplinary teams are assembled in scientific research and are aimed at solving complex problems. Given their increasing importance, it is not surprising that considerable attention has been focused on processes of collaboration in interdisciplinary teams. Despite such efforts, we know less about the factors affecting the assembly of such teams in the first place. In this paper, we investigate the structure and the success of interdisciplinary scientific research teams. We examine the assembly factors using a sample of 1103 grant proposals submitted to two National Science Foundation interdisciplinary initiatives during a 3-year period, including both awarded and non-awarded proposals. The results indicate that individuals’ likelihood of collaboration on a proposal is higher among those with longer tenure, lower institutional tier, lower H-index, and with higher levels of prior co-authorship and citation relationships. However, successful proposals have a little bit different relational patterns: individuals’ likelihood of collaboration is higher among those with lower institutional tier, lower H-index, (female) gender, higher levels of prior co-authorship, but with lower levels of prior citation relationships.     

基于核心-边缘结构的国际科技合作网络分析——以纳米科技（1996-2004年）为例

以1996—2004年间国际纳米科技合作的SCIE数据为例，利用社会网络理论中的连续核心-边缘模型描绘国际科技合作网络。基于核心度，划分合作网络中的核心国家和边缘国家，并量化各国在国际合作网络中的相对位置变化。另外，分别利用MDS分析和因子分析揭示核心国家与边缘国家的合作信息，比较两种方法的差异。认为该分析框架对核心-边缘结构分析具有普遍意义，对纳米科技的实证分析也具有现实意义。