The determinants of research output and impact: A study of Mexican researchers

This paper uses a unique data set of Mexican researchers to explore the determinants of research output and impact. Our findings confirm a quadratic relationship between age and the number of published papers. However, publishing peaks when researchers are approximately 53 years old, 5 or 10 years later than what prior studies have shown. Overall, the results suggest that age does not have a substantial influence on research output and impact. We also find that reputation matters for the number of citations but not publications. Results also show important heterogeneity across areas of knowledge. Interpretations of other aspects, such as gender, country of PhD, and cohort effect, among others, are also discussed.     

区域研发合作开放模式及其创新产出效应——以北京、上海、广东为例

引入"合作开放度"的概念,建立区域研发合作开放度测算方案,选取北京、上海和广东作为样本区域,测算样本区域研发合作开放度指数,并从时序上考察合作开放度的演变,进而提炼出不同发展阶段的区域研发合作开放模式,并分析其创新产出效应,结果发现:(1)样本区域合作开放度的阶段差异显著,且其合作开放模式各具特色;(2)样本区域的创新产出受其区域合作开放度和合作开放模式的共同影响。     

Research collaboration at a distance: Changing spatial patterns of scientific collaboration within Europe

This study analyses the changing effect of physical distance and territorial borders (regional, national, language) on the intensity of research collaboration across European regions. Using data on all co-publications between 313 regions in 33 European countries for the period 2000-2007, we find that the bias to collaborate with physically proximate partners did not decrease, while the bias towards collaboration within territorial borders did decrease over time. Our results show that the ongoing process of European integration is removing territorial borders, but does not render collaboration less sensitive to physical distance. Given this general trend, there is considerable heterogeneity between regions and countries in their propensity to collaborate which we attribute to differences in size, quality and accessibility. The findings and conclusions are framed within the context of European research policies.     

中国科学研究国际合作的测度和分析

 科技资源全球化流动与配置的趋势日益明显,而科学研究国际合作有助于提升国家在全球范围掌控、调配科技资源的能力。基于SCI国际合著论文数据,综合应用文献计量和社会网络分析方法,从国际合作整体发展态势、学科领域国际合作倾向、优势和弱势学科国际合作地位差异、高质量成果国际合作依存性等四个角度分析中国2000年至2010年的国际合作特征。结果表明,中国积极、广泛地开展了国际合作研究,中国科研人员国际合作的主导地位也在不断加强。然而,中国的学科领域国际合作呈现出合作率与合作地位的奇异性,而且中国的高质量工作具有较高的国际依存性。     

高校技术转移对科研产出的影响效应研究——科研资助的中介作用与调节作用

技术转移作为高校社会服务职能的重要体现形式，对高校科研活动究竟产生了何种影响是学术界关注的热点问题。本文以2008-2014年中国106所“211”及省部共建高校为样本，研究了高校技术转移对其论文产出和专利产出的影响效应，并对不同来源的科研资助（政府资助和企业资助）在高校技术转移与科研产出关系中的中介作用和调节作用分别进行了实证检验。结果表明：（1）高校技术转移对论文产出的影响不显著，而对专利产出具有显著正向影响；（2）高校技术转移对其获取政府资助和企业资助均具有显著的正向影响，政府资助和企业资助在高校技术转移与专利产出关系中发挥积极的中介作用；（3）政府资助对高校技术转移与论文产出的关系具有显著的负向调节作用，而企业资助对高校技术转移与专利产出的关系具有显著的负向调节作用。     

Influencing scientists’ collaboration and productivity patterns through new institutions: University research centers and scientific and technical human capital

This paper analyzes the effect of university research centers on the productivity and collaboration patterns of university faculty. University research centers are an important subject for policy analysis insofar that they have become the predominant policy response to scientific and technical demands that have not been met by extant institutions, including academic departments, private firms, and government laboratories. Specifically, these centers aim to organize researchers from across the disciplines and sectors which, collectively as a research unit, possess the scientific and technical capacity relevant to scientific and technical goals of the sponsoring agencies. In this paper, we measure the productivity and collaboration patterns of university researchers affiliated with a relatively large-scale and “mature” university research center to discern the effects, if any, of the center mechanism on individual scientists and engineers. Based on an analysis of longitudinal bibliometric data, the results from this case study demonstrate affiliation with the center to be effective at enhancing overall productivity as well as at facilitating cross-discipline, cross-sector, and inter-institutional productivity and collaborations.     

A longitudinal study of the actual value of big data and analytics: The role of industry environment

Despite the popularity of big data and analytics (BDA) in industry, research regarding the economic value of BDA is still at an early stage. Little attention has been paid to quantifying the longitudinal impact of organizational BDA implementation on firm performance. Grounded in organizational learning theory, this study empirically demonstrates the impact of BDA implementation on organizational performance and how industry environment characteristics moderate the BDA-performance relationships. Using secondary data regarding BDA implementation from 2010 to February 2020, we find that BDA implementation has a significant impact on two types of business value creation: operational efficiency and business growth. Furthermore, the impact of BDA on operational efficiency is amplified in less dynamic and complex environments, while the BDA-business growth relationship is more pronounced in more dynamic, complex, and munificent environments. Collectively, this study provides a theory-centric understanding of BDA’s economic benefits. The findings offer insights to firms about what actual benefits BDA implementation may generate and how firms may align the use of BDA with the industry environments they are operating in.     

企业本地与非本地研发合作的平衡互补效应研究

从创新地理视角出发,本文提出本地和非本地研发合作平衡互补与企业创新产出的关系及企业规模的调节作用,运用负二项回归模型对电动汽车上市企业面板数据进行实证检验。研究发现：企业本地与非本地合作互补对创新产出具有正向显著影响,而本地与非本地合作平衡则不利于企业创新产出;企业本地与非本地合作平衡和合作互补可以产生协同影响,对企业创新产出具有正向作用。同时,企业规模对本地与非本地合作互补程度与创新产出的关系有负向调节作用,但对合作平衡程度与创新产出关系的调节作用不显著。     

研究型大学研发与首都区域专利产出的动态计量经济分析

运用动态计量经济学的分布滞后、单位根检验、协整分析和G ranger因果检验模型,对研究型大学研发投入与首都区域专利产出进行了动态计量经济实证分析,结果显示:首都地区研发投入在影响专利产出过程中存在2期的滞后效应;研究型大学研发经费投入每增加1%,首都区域研发产出当年将增长0.3%,大学研发投入在3年内共使得专利产出增长了0.6%;大学研发投入与专利产出之间存在长期稳定的动态均衡关系,但是其对专利产出没有表现出预期的促进作用;专利产出是大学研发投入G ranger意义上的原因,但研发投入没能有效地促进首都区域专利产出,二者之间还没有形成一种协调联动的发展机制。     

Co-authorship networks and research impact: A social capital perspective

The impact of research work is related to a scholar's reputation and future promotions. Greater research impact not only inspires scholars to continue their research, but also increases the possibility of a larger research budget from sponsors. Given the importance of research impact, this study proposes that utilizing social capital embedded in a social structure is an effective way to achieve more research impact. The contribution of this study is to define six indicators of social capital (degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, prolific co-author count, team exploration, and publishing tenure) and investigate how these indicators interact and affect citations for publications. A total of 137 Information Systems scholars from the Social Science Citation Index database were selected to test the hypothesized relationships. The results show that betweenness centrality plays the most important role in taking advantage of non-redundant resources in a co-authorship network, thereby significantly affecting citations for publications. In addition, we found that prolific co-author count, team exploration, and publishing tenure all have indirect effects on citation count. Specifically, co-authoring with prolific scholars helps researchers develop centralities and, in turn, generate higher numbers of citations. Researchers with longer publishing tenure tend to have higher degree centrality. When they collaborate more with different scholars, they achieve more closeness and betweenness centralities, but risk being distrusted by prolific scholars and losing chances to co-author with them. Finally, implications of findings and recommendations for future research are discussed.     

跨界合作网络与专利产出的性别差异：基于中科院科研人员调查的实证研究

本文以中科院所属研究院所科研人员为主要调查对象,从跨界合作网络的视角出发,分析专利产出性别差异的社会网络机制。研究主要有3个发现：1.女性科研人员跨界合作网络规模和网络关系强度上均存在明显的欠缺;2.与企业界、其他学科领域合作网络规模和网络关系强度上的欠缺是影响专利产出性别差异的重要因素,而且网络关系强度的影响作用要大于网络规模的影响;3.性别对于跨界合作网络与专利产出关系的调节作用并不显著,即在拥有相同网络规模和网络关系强度的情况下,女性从与各类合作网络关系中获得专利产出回报的可能性与男性并无显著区别。与男性同事相比,女性的专利产出会更多地受到其他因素的影响,如职业早期的企业工作经历、单位组织的知识产权培训等。最后,在结果讨论的基础上提出在学术成果商业化新趋势下减少科技领域性别差异的政策建议。     

Email-free collaboration: An exploratory study on the formation of new work habits among knowledge workers

Social collaboration technologies have rapidly spread across organizations, offering a unique opportunity to improve the exchange of knowledge among employees, especially in distributed work environments. The increasing popularity of social-collaboration tools as an employee-oriented communication channel, inevitably raises questions about the future of email as its intensive use by knowledge workers is more and more perceived as being inefficient and unproductive. Through a quantitative case study methodology, this study seeks to explore the role played by the notion of habit in explaining employee knowledge sharing capability for firms implementing social collaborative practices in the context of no-email initiatives. Data collected within a large international IT services company, which is among the first firms having made such shift, were used to test the developed conceptual model. The findings suggest that habit is positively influenced by relative advantage and perceived ease of use while relative advantage was found to positively impact knowledge sharing capability. Besides, habit moderates the relationships between three attributes (relative advantage, perceived ease of use, and compatibility to a lesser extent) and knowledge sharing capability. Theoretical and practical implications developed from these findings are then discussed.     

跨界合作网络与专利产出的性别差异：基于中科院科研人员调查的实证研究

本文以中科院所属研究院所科研人员为主要调查对象，从跨界合作网络的视角出发，分析专利产出性别差异的社会网络机制。研究主要有3个发现：1.女性科研人员跨界合作网络规模和网络关系强度上均存在明显的欠缺；2.与企业界、其他学科领域合作网络规模和网络关系强度上的欠缺是影响专利产出性别差异的重要因素，而且网络关系强度的影响作用要大于网络规模的影响；3.性别对于跨界合作网络与专利产出关系的调节作用并不显著，即在拥有相同网络规模和网络关系强度的情况下，女性从与各类合作网络关系中获得专利产出回报的可能性与男性并无显著区别。与男性同事相比，女性的专利产出会更多地受到其他因素的影响，如职业早期的企业工作经历、单位组织的知识产权培训等。最后，在结果讨论的基础上提出在学术成果商业化新趋势下减少科技领域性别差异的政策建议。     

高校学习研究型机关党组织建设思考

学习研究型党组织是一个具有明确奋斗目标和持续创新能力、不断创造未来的党组织。它通过营造终身学习氛围,把学习与研究的理念和方法引入党建工作,坚持从新的实际出发,以改革创新的精神研究、解决高校机关党建工作面临的问题。结合当前高等教育的发展趋势和弘扬创新的时代特征,加强学习研究型机关党组织建设,切实做好机关党建与思想政治工作,具有重要意义。     

高校人文社科投入与产出互动关系研究—基于PVAR模型的估计

本文首先采用TOPSIS对科技产出进行评价,得到唯一的产出变量,然后采用面板数据、面板向量自回归模型分析科技投入与产出的互动关系。结果表明,中国高校人文社科研究投入产出的互动关系效应比较明显,形成良性正反馈效应。科研经费、研发人员全时当量与与科研产出之间存在双向格兰杰因果关系。科研人员数是科研产出的格兰杰原因,而科研产出只在滞后1期的情况下,才是科研人员数的格兰杰原因。无论是脉冲响应函数,还是方差分解,各变量除自身外,都是科研产出的影响最大,说明了科研产出对科技投入存在较大的互动作用。对科技产出贡献最大的是科技人员数量,其次是研发人员全时当量,最后是科研经费,最后对原因进行了分析。     

多团队系统协作机制的结构方程模型研究——以高新技术企业NPD多团队系统为例

以高新技术企业NPD多团队系统为研究对象,在对MTS理论进行梳理和对NPD团队间协作过程分析的基础上,提出了基于团队过程的NPD多团队系统协作模型。通过问卷调查与验证性因子分析对模型与数据拟合度进行了评价,分别构建了过渡过程协作和行动过程协作的结构方程模型,并考察了两个过程之间的路径影响关系。结果表明,模型拟合度良好,过渡过程协作对行动过程协作有正向影响。     

“一带一路”沿线国家科技合作网络比较研究

本研究利用“一带一路”沿线国家跨国PCT专利合作申请信息构建5个技术领域科技合作网络,采用社会网络分析方法从网络可视图、网络整体结构指标和网络中心性指标三方面进行对比分析。研究结果表明,一方面,各技术领域科技合作网络中节点国家的合作广度和合作强度均表现出明显的不均衡性,网络均呈现网络规模较大、网络密度低、平均距离短的特征,网络中核心国家基本上都是经济较发达的国家;另一方面,5个技术领域科技合作网络中的大节点及高频合作国家对有所区别,网络分属不同类型,网络中核心国家的分布与排序亦有所不同。上述研究结果对沿线各国制定适合的科技合作政策、开展各具特色的跨国科技合作有一定的借鉴意义。     

国际科技合作对跨学科研究影响的评价研究——基于文献计量学分析的视角

基于中国学者在生物技术与应用微生物学、电子电气工程、数学、医学、神经科学、物理学等6个重要研究领域发表的SCI论文,分别将国际合作论文和非国际合作论文作为研究对象,构建论文跨学科研究程度的测度指标,评价国际科技合作对推动跨学科研究的影响程度及中国与世界跨学科研究程度的差异。结果表明:国际合作促进了跨学科的研究;但国际合作推动跨学科研究的程度受研究领域的影响,新兴的、应用性较强的研究领域的跨学科研究程度较高;国际合作论文的跨学科研究程度逐渐提高;中国在多个研究领域的跨学科程度低于国际平均水平。     

Professional networks, scientific collaboration, and publication productivity in resource-constrained research institutions in a developing country

We test the hypothesis that scientific collaboration is associated with increased publication productivity. We differentiate our approach from other studies by (a) incorporating professional networks in the productivity model, (b) casting productivity and collaboration as distinct phenomena, and (c) examining these phenomena in the context of resource-constrained research institutions in a developing country. We use survey data and employ negative binomial regression models. Results indicate that publication productivity is significantly linked to professional network factors, but there is no evidence of any association with scientific collaboration. We observe that most scientists collaborate in research projects despite coordination difficulties, and without any measurable impact on their productivity. Our interviews reveal that a possible answer to this puzzle appears to be rooted in a practice that views collaborative research projects not mainly as a means to producing knowledge and gaining recognition, but for acquiring professional opportunities and extrinsic rewards. Our findings suggest a new way of modeling publication productivity, with implications for science and innovation policy in both the developed and the developing world.     

Bridging distant technological domains: A longitudinal study of the determinants of breadth of innovation diffusion

The diffusion of innovations is identified as an important aspect of technological and social change. Innovations diffuse through segmented networks of knowledge that limit the flow of knowledge from any one technological domain to any other. Despite this segmentation, some organizations are capable of developing pieces of knowledge that overcome these limitations. Within this context, we develop four hypotheses regarding specific R&D strategies that affect a firm’s ability to develop inventions that diffuse beyond the firm’s technological boundaries. Specifically, we examine how a firm's scientific intensity, technological collaborations, technological diversity, and internal focus impact breadth of innovation diffusion. We use two of the main determinants of innovation diffusion, namely, the relative advantage and the observability, as theoretical mechanisms to build our arguments. We empirically test our hypotheses on longitudinal data from the industries of pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and chemicals. Our findings show that the extent to which the knowledge embedded in a firm’s inventions diffuses in distant technological areas is positively related to the firm’s scientific intensity and to its extent of collaboration, but it is negatively related to its technological diversity.