民办高等教育专项资金制度建设研究

民办高等教育专项资金是以国家法律形式支持民办高校发展的重要举措,但配套制度建设相对缓慢,且各级政府设立的专项资金数额与民办高校的需求差距很大。开展对民办高等教育专项资金设立的现状、使用的范围、涉及的对象、发挥的作用、存在的问题以及如何进一步完善专项资金制度建设等研究,对促进民办高等教育的发展将产生积极影响。     

Higher Education Funding: A Decade of Changes

The authors, two French specialists on the financing of higher education, reflect on the conclusions they drew in an article, Rethinking the Financing of Post-Compulsory Education, which they published in this review ten years ago. As they foresaw, higher education funding became increasingly based on mixed sources with students being required to pay a greater share of the costs of their education. But mechanisms to make cost sharing increasingly equitable have been refined. At the same time, the determination of actual costs per institution, per course programme, and even per course has become increasingly accurate, and funding is increasingly taking into account the verdict of performance indicators of various kinds. The funding of research is being increasingly differentiated from funding for teaching/learning. Across the board, higher education institutions have had to do more for less.     

论教育技术作为一种理解教育的独特方式

本文从技术的定义出发,提出来技术的内涵定义,并在确定了教育技术的基本内涵基础上,深入分析了现有教育研究的各种理解方式以及它们的不足,提出教育技术是一种独特的理解教育的方式.技术是人类规定的物质、能量、信息的变换方式.教育技术是一种独特的技术,体现为一种独特的信息变换方式.教育技术是指课程系统和教学系统的构造技术.这种教育技术不但具有实用价值,而且具有独特的理解教育的认知功能.教育技术将引导人们放弃直观的立场和简单的范式,而采用复杂系统的立场和开发取向来研究教育,以教育系统为研究对象,关注的是教育现象(问题)的设计根源,采用系统建模、信息流分析以及技术人造物缺陷分析法来理解教育.这种理解方式放弃了使用命题系统或者公式方式来表征教育规律,而是站在进化论的立场上,利用教育模拟(仿真系统)来表征教育规律.     

A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Special Education Referral Process: A case study

In this article, I explore a case study of the special education referral process as an institutional site of exploring the intersection of power, discourse and subjectivities. I engage with critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) (Fairclough, Critical Discourse Analysis: the critical study of language , New York, Longman, 1995; Language and Power , London, Longman, 1989) as an analytic and social tool to uncover the webs of discursive practices involved in institutional decision-making. I focus on the process through which identities are constructed through discourse. I present three different interpretations from the beginning of the referral process: (1) the classroom teacher, (2) the remedial reading teacher, and (3) the parent of the child who was referred. In juxtaposing these interview texts I demonstrate how the teachers and June Treader, the parent, perceive the intention of the referral process differently. The school views the referral process as definitive while the mother views the referral as exploratory, to learn more about her daughter. I call on CDA--particularly the domains of discourse and style--as a means to explore and explain the differences in assumptions at the beginning of the referral process. This analysis demonstrates that despite the differences in interpretation at the beginning of the process there is remarkable similarity between the three participants around the values, beliefs and assumptions of 'schooled literacy'. This research suggests the need to expand on frameworks that conceptualize 'conflict' between discourse practices to consider the consequences of alignment.     

澳大利亚高等教育投资体制改革综述

本文对过去三十多年来澳大利亚高等教育投资政策的三次重大变革进行了回顾,并对其现行的高等教育投资体制作了较为详细的考察与分析,在此基础上归纳出关于澳大利亚高等教育投资体制的几点结论,以期对我国高等教育投资体制改革有所裨益.     

Special Education Teacher Education: A Perspective on Content Knowledge

The passage of No Child Left Behind and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act has strengthened the conditions for instructional accountability for all learners. The standards‐based approach promulgated by curriculum and state assessments is central to the accountability of conditions in today's schools; however, national and state data continue to document a performance gap between students with learning disabilities (LD) and their nondisabled peers. Building on 5 years of experience in developing and testing the Blending Assessment with Instruction Program in mathematics, we present three basic principles that are essential to ensuring that students with LD achieve curriculum standards: (1) instruction must be aligned with curriculum standards, (2) teachers' content knowledge is essential to translating curriculum standards into aligned instruction, and (3) instructional methodology should receive greater attention during teacher preparation.     

特殊教育本体认识论审视——基于特殊教育概念的分析

厘清特殊教育本体认识论是建构特殊教育理论与推进特殊教育改革的前提和基础。通过对特殊教育概念分析发现,当前特殊教育认识论主要包括扬弃论的特殊教育认识论、补缺论的特殊教育认识论、同一论的特殊教育认识论。这些认识各有合理之处,特别是在不同历史时期各具合历史性与合规律性的价值。其中,同一论的特殊教育认识论更能适应时代需要,指导和引领特殊教育发展,因此需要更多地从同一论立场来认识与实践特殊教育。     

Friends of Special Education: A Parent Training Model

This article describes a 5-year project in which, over 200 parents of handicapped children were trained, as 'Friends of Special Education.' The project represented a partnership .among central office and local school district administrators and a technical assistance team. Major objectives of the project were to increase effective interaction of parents with school personnel, to help parents understand the teaming process, and to increase parent involvement in their children's school program. The training model was designed to have a multiplier effect with parents who completed training prepared to be active in their respective local school and to serve as resources to. other parents. The project's impact is described along with recommendations for parent training.     

A Special Education Service Centre

Heltwate School, Peterborough, is developing towards meeting the needs of children in the surrounding community and ordinary schools as well as its own pupils' needs. Neville Hallmark, headteacher, and Tony Dessent, area psychologist, Cambridgeshire, report     

关于加强高校科研经费管理和监督工作的探讨

高校科研经费监管工作水平如何,直接关系到高校科研经费的使用效益、关系到高校的科研水平。本文立足于高校科研经费监管工作的实际情况,结合已有相关理论研究,从科学定位、现状评估和工作着力点三个方面深入分析,对加强高校科研经费监管工作进行了探讨。     

医教结合:现阶段我国特殊教育发展的必然选择——对路莎一文的商榷

近年来对"医教结合"模式的讨论与实践使之成为特殊教育的热点话题,研究者从不同视角出发对其争议不断。本文探讨了从残疾模式看医教结合、医教结合对特殊教育学科的发展以及医教结合是否该作为一项政策等议题,以期对我国特殊教育发展提供一点启示。     

缄默知识:教师教育的独特视角

缄默知识是相对于显性知识而言的,也就是"只可意会、不可言传"的经验知识。在人类的整个知识世界中,缄默知识要比显性知识显得更为根本。教师教育活动中存在大量的缄默知识,但是在具体的教师教育活动中大量的缄默知识往往被忽视,这也是导致教师教育活动低效问题的一个重要原因。基于缄默知识理论,要实现教师教育效率的提高,我们必须实现缄默知识与外显知识的协同,必须重新审视实践性教学的重要价值。     

服务导向的广义特殊教育模式

与西方一些国家流行的以标签为导向的特殊教育模式相对照,本文首次提出了一种以服务为导向的特殊教育模式.这种模式的着眼点是对具有特殊需要的儿童提供广义的特殊教育以及相关服务,其根本任务是集中力量培育服务资源,建立健全综合性的服务传递体制.它要求我们把注意力从儿童个人心理特征的测评和传统的学校成绩评价,转向特殊教育的专业服务资源培育和有效服务体系的制度化建设上来.三级预防的理念和策略,应该是我国发展综合服务性的广义特殊教育的一个基本参照.     

OECD国家高等教育公共投资:机制和方法

OECD国家政府对高等教育的投入水平普遍较高,其高等教育投资主要来自两个方面:公共投资和私人投资.对公共投资而言,各国在投资结构、投资机制及投资方法方面都不完全相同.OECD国家高等教育投资机制主要有四种,即有计划的以输入为本的投资、绩效投资、定向投资和需求驱动的以输入为本的投资.其投资方法涉及学生中心、供应驱动和专业导向三种选择.     

河北省特教师范生对特殊教育态度的调查研究

本文通过对河北省特殊教育专业师范生对特殊教育态度的现状调查,了解在当今深化改革时期,现有的师范教育体系、教学状况是否能够满足学生发展的需求,是否能够满足基层特教改革的需要,并从教育和学生的实际情况出发,就河北特殊师范教育的教改方向提出了一些建议,以培养合格的特教师资力量,促进基层特殊教育的发展。     

The Systems Approach in Education with Special Consideration of Environmental Education: A Review

Abstract

The Ministry of Education of Israel—through its Center of Curriculum Development—commissioned the development and implementation of environmental education curriculum for grades eleven and twelve in the national educational system. The aim of the curriculum was as follows: “This curriculum will deal with the interrelationships between man and his environment and will develop within students the readiness and the capability for personal contribution and social activity towards the improvement of the environment they are living in.” This aim has been translated and crystallized into a new innovative curricular model which, in turn, determines the characteristics, the processes, and the products of the Israeli Environmental Education Project (IEEP). This interdisciplinary, science-, student-, and value-oriented model is based on our contention that environmental education (EE) is problem-oriented education about the environment, in the environment, and for the environment and the human being as part of it, in which the wholistic, interdisciplinary system approach is used for the analysis of issues and the working out of possible alternative solutions. IEEP is currently in the stage of massive development, field testing, and initial implementation.     

特殊教育学科体系探析

特殊教育学以各类特殊儿童的特殊教育活动、现象为研究对象,目的是探寻现象背后的本质联系即规律,并力图寻求更有效的教育方法.特殊教育学是一门具有较强实践性的多学科、多层次相互交叉和渗透的综合性学科.该学科在多个相关学科的相互交叉、渗透过程中形成与发展了该学科独特的理论体系,初步构建了自己的话语体系、专业标准与共有的学术规范.其研究对象由狭义的"残疾"走向更为广阔的"特殊教育需要",面向更加多样化的、由各种不同要素导致的学习困难儿童.特殊教育基本理念假设与实践模式也随之变化,残疾儿童从被歧视、隔离逐步走向平等与被接纳,特殊教育与普通教育则趋于融合.特殊教育学科的发展虽然没有形成自己特有的研究方法,却较好地遵循了实证科学研究的精神与经验研究的规范与传统,实证/经验主义的方法、程序以及基于诊断、评估的干预与训练成为特殊教育学科专业人员广泛接受、共同遵守的方法体系.