基于社会-技术模型的信息系统开发项目的风险因素分析

信息系统开发项目具有很高的失败率,绝大多数项目不能在预算内按时交付满足用户需求的系统。本文从系统开发过程是一个社会技术系统这一观点出发,基于组织变革的社会——技术模型对信息系统开发项目的风险因素进行了系统的分析,为信息系统项目管理者有效的识别和控制项目风险提供借鉴。     

信息系统工程项目经理的素质分析

项目经理是信息系统工程建设的关键。本文基于信息系统项目管理的职责以及项目管理的组织类型对项目经理的影响，分析了作为信息系统项目经理应该具备的素质，并提出了信息系统项目经理素质培养的方法。     

企业项目管理能力的研究

伴随社会发展和科技进步的加快,企业项目管理能力已经成为当今企业实践与理论研究的热点。旨在总结国内外通用项目管理能力理论和研究成果的基础上,评析企业项目管理能力与通用项目管理能力的不同,阐明企业项目管理能力的内涵与特征,指出当今项目管理能力研究的不足与发展方向。     

项目管理在班级管理当中的应用与研究

本文从四个方面对项目管理运用于班级管理进行分析探讨院我国项目管理的发展及研究现状,班级管理引入项目管理之必要性,影响班级项目管理应用相关因素,班级项目管理模式构建测试应用。结合班级管理实例,对项目管理模式构建进行相关研究。     

浅谈信息流在冷水机组产品研发项目时间管理的应用

针对冷水机组企业产品研发项目中,在时间管理方面普遍存在缺少监控和调整的问题,通过应用信息流技术,对项目各阶段任务进行分配和跟踪,从而帮助冷水机组企业提高产品开发项目时间管理的能力和水平。     

中国公益项目评估的兴起及其问题

文章回顾了中国社会组织实施公益项目和开展项目评估的历史,并将中国社会组织的项目评估分成三个发展阶段。项目评估是项目管理的核心环节,但是,目前国内开展的项目评估还处于起步阶段,还存在很多问题,需要不断改进与完善。     

Knowledge management: An information science perspective

Knowledge management (KM) is an emerging field of specialization in a number of professions, including Information Science (IS). The different professions are contributing to and influencing the developments in KM in their own ways. However, it is argued here that IS is not contributing to the advancement of KM as much as it should for a number of apparent reasons. The main purpose of the paper is to call on the members of the IS profession to take a more proactive and visible role in advancing KM by showing that KM is a natural and long-awaited development in IS and that a number of circumstances have made KM to be an area of emphasis in IS whose time has come. The paper also aims at contributing towards achieving a consensus among IS professionals on conceptualization, goals, and scope of KM in IS. The recommendations of the paper focus on how the profession could proactively be involved in advancing KM.     

基于活动绩效分析的项目进度与成本管理研究

挣值管理方法忽视可交付物质量和工作间的逻辑关系对项目绩效测量和完工预测的影响,存在绩效偏差来源不清和进度度量不直观等问题。考虑可交付物质量及活动的时间特性,提出一种活动描述的元组模型,分析已完工和当前活动的绩效,进而计算路径进度绩效,据此调整项目的关键路径。同时,按照人力资源投入计划将活动分类,根据同类活动绩效预测项目完工尚需的时间和成本。一个移动物流社交网络系统开发项目管理实践验证了改进的挣值管理方法的可行性和有效性,符合项目实际情况。改进的方法适合大型及复杂项目的管理工作。#$NL关键词：项目管理;绩效测量;活动建模;路径绩效;挣时     

首席信息官与高层管理团队互动模式及其对共识的影响

企业信息化的顺利推进有赖于首席信息官(CIO)与高层管理团队(TMT)对信息系统作用的共同认识,而CIO/TMT互动是形成共识的关键路径。CIO/TMT互动模式具有二维结构:互动体系和互动渠道。就互动体系而言,CIO的汇报层级、高层管理团队成员身份及其与高层管理团队成员的社会交往会影响CIO/TMT共识。就互动渠道而言,媒介丰富度高的渠道相对于丰富度低的渠道更容易促成共识。此外,CIO与TMT之间的信任程度是共识形成过程中的重要调节变量。     

基于AHP-模糊综合评价法的政府引导基金绩效评价研究

科学评价政府引导基金绩效,有助于更好发挥政府引导基金合理配置社会资源、促进产业转型升级及协调区域经济发展等作用。本文基于政府引导基金近年发展特点和相关政策要求,从项目决策、经济效益、管理水平、可持续性四个维度构建政府引导基金绩效评价指标体系,并以山东省新旧动能转换基金为例,利用AHP-模糊综合评价法对政府引导基金绩效评价进行实证研究,最后针对评价中发现的问题提出相关政策建议。     

An enterprise architecture framework for electronic requirements information management

Managing information about client requirements effectively can contribute to improve the quality of built facilities, and their related services. However, the process has been challenging to construction project management often resulting in failed projects. This necessitates an overwhelming need for a better approach. This paper presents a novel enterprise architecture framework for managing information about client requirements across all phases of a construction project and through-life of a built facility. The Integrated electronic Requirements Information Management Framework (eRIM) defines an information-centric, and process and service-oriented enterprise architecture approach to requirements management. It also describes how Information and Communication Technology (ICT)/Information Systems (IS) can support this information management. In developing the framework, findings from three case study projects were collated through observations, a questionnaire and interviews of construction practitioners. It is concluded that when implemented and incorporated in the management of construction projects, the eRIM architecture framework can potentially contribute towards improved and more efficient and effective management of client requirements across all stages of a project. Further work is outlined to operationalize the framework.     

基于PDCA的信息系统全面质量管理模型

信息系统的质量是信息系统设计与开发中要解决的最为关键的问题,也是信息系统研究一个较前沿的课题。本文提出了一种基于PDCA的信息系统全面质量管理模型,分析了模型中的质量控制参数,并讨论了实施该模型的详细步骤和工具。     

An examination of major IS planning problems

Knowing what problems to expect in an IS planning exercise enhances the probability of a successful outcome. This study identifies the major IS planning problems associated with the three phases of IS planning: the launching phase, the plan development phase, and the implementation phase. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey mailed to senior IS executives in 600 firms. Of the 175 responses received, 138 responses (comprising firms practising IS planning) were used for data analysis. In all the three phases, failing to secure top management support for the IS planning effort is the most serious problem. Not having free communication flow, and not being able to obtain sufficiently qualified personnel are the other two major problems in the planning phase. In the plan development phase, respondents reported ignoring business goals and failing to translate these goals/strategies into action plans as major problems as well. Neglecting to adjust the IS plan to reflect major environmental changes is the other major problem in the implementation phase. Probable explanations were provided for these and other problems.     

城投公司技术应用与开发项目全过程评价研究 ——基于AHP-灰色关联度模型

技术应用与开发项目是城投公司科技创新项目中的一类重要项目,对该类项目的绩效进行评价,是城投公司科技创新能力评价的一个重要方面。基于项目全过程视角,从项目的必要性、可行性、风险性、项目的执行情况、组织管理情况和项目的经济、环境、社会、科技效益出发,构建了一套全面而系统的技术应用与开发项目绩效评价体系;提出了基于AHP-灰色关联度模型的技术应用与开发项目绩效评价方法,并以J城投公司为例,对其近3年内开展的12个技术应用与开发项目进行了绩效评价,并针对该公司科技创新工作提出了相应的对策建议。     

理性行为理论及其在信息系统研究中的应用与展望

[目的/意义]为了帮助学界厘清理性行为理论的发展脉络及其在信息系统领域的应用现状,填补国内对理性行为理论在信息系统领域应用研究综述上的缺失。[方法/过程]对信息系统领域使用理性行为理论的研究进行检索和梳理,系统归纳了该领域应用理性行为理论所解决的主要问题,总结了现有研究取得的成果、存在的不足以及未来的研究方向。[结果/结论]研究发现：理性行为理论在信息系统领域的应用研究主要集中在TRA在信息系统采纳研究方面的应用、TRA在网络平台及信息服务使用研究方面的应用等4个方面;研究存在"对行为周期的研究不够全面,多以行为意愿为研究终点"、"长期的纵向研究较少,忽视了用户意愿和行为随时间推移的变化"等不足之处;用户意愿之后的实际行为、用户意愿和行为的演变、TRA在新兴信息系统中的适用性等是未来重要的研究问题。     

信息技术/系统(IT/IS)应用效果评估方法综述

随着信息系统在企业的广泛应用与IT投资额的迅速增长,IT/IS应用效果的评估日益成为学术界和企业界的热门话题和关键的管理问题。本文综述了国外在该方面的研究结果,对信息系统评估内涵与系统有效性的概念进行了归纳概括,并对其评估方法进行了总结。     

中国水资源可持续利用评价指标体系研究进展

本文在归纳水资源评价分类基础上，论述了水资源可持续利用评价指标体系（Indicators system for sustainability assessment of water resources use，ISSAWRU）的研究基础，即可持续发展评价指标体系与水资源评价指标体系的研究现状，指出SAWRU需要ISSAWRU。水资源评价方法按指标数量可分为单项指标法、多项指标法和指标体系法。水资源评价所需指标数量因评价内容而异。综合评价常需要用指标体系法。SAWRU是水资源常规评价结合可持续发展思想发展形成的一种多属性综合评价。由于水资源系统在人口增长、经济发展压力下日趋复杂化，其可持续性影响因素也复杂多变，其可持续性度量具有不确定性。指标体系是衡量具有不确定性的复杂系统可持续状态的良好工具。我国水资源综合评价指标体系研究的指标筛选原则和方法、指标体系构建方法及指标体系应用方法日趋多样化，但仍存在不少问题，特别是如何构建和应用科学的指标体系SAWRU充分表征水资源可持续利用内涵。建议今后多关注主要用水部门指标体系构建、构建过程整体性、新理论新技术成果吸收等研究，加强SAWRU内涵对ISSAWRU构建的指导作用，从而提高指标体系的通用性和科学性。     

Exploring computer supported collaborative coordination through social networks

The performance of work groups and in particular geographically distributed ones is negatively affected by communication issues and task dependencies.Contemporary science suggests social link optimization apart from improving the technical aspects to address these issues. In our study, we focus on distributed coordination and project performance. Social network structure and coordination performance variables are described by our framework with regards to distributed coordination during bug fixing process. Based on the model and the literature reviewed, we propose two propositions—(i) the level of interconnectedness has a negative relation with coordination performance; and (ii) centrality social network measures have positive relation with coordination performance variables. We use a sample of 415 Open Source Projects hosted on SourceForge.net. The results suggest that both propositions are correct. Furthermore, in the methods section implementation of an automated process is introduced to build graph definitions in adjacency matrix or NCOL format from thousands of forum threads. We describe the implementation of a novel method to plot sociograms in batch from hundreds of graph definitions automatically and calculate network centrality and density measures for all of them at the same time. Finally, we suggest the implications of this study to software development project management research.     

Managing large-scale IS/IT projects in the public sector: Problems and causes leading to poor performance

With a large scope and high degree of complexity, managing large-scale projects is a challenge to project managers. The challenge is even greater when it comes to public sector projects due to the involvement of many stakeholders and the need to manage various relationships. For these reasons, many projects ended up with poor performance. Research has shown that success in managing large-scale projects requires a great deal of coordination and collaboration which can be done through established processes, strong teams, and involvement of stakeholders. Even though these processes and approaches are known, effectively implementing them is very difficult. The objective of this study is to investigate the management of selected large-scale IS/IT projects in the public sector in order to identify common problems and causes leading to poor performance. Fourteen projects from the US, UK, and Australia were studied, making this research among the few studies to investigate large-scale IS/IT projects in the public sector from different countries. The research results indicate common problems related to system design and implementation, project management and governance, and contract management. Theoretical contributions and implications for practitioners are also discussed.