The Fakability of the Personality Orientation Inventory

Attempts to fake a good impression on the POI typically result in lower scores for subjects unknowledgeable in self-actualization, and in higher scores for knowledgable subjects. POI fakahility during counselor selection procedures was investigated through two test administrations with a group of 21 new graduate students in counseling. Subjects were not given self-actualization information. Scores under counselor selection fake-set procedures were significantly higher (p <. 05) on 4 of the 12 scales than scores obtained under standard testing instructions. The results imply new counseling students have sufficient information about self-actualization to dissimulate POI scores.     

The Relationship of Counselor Self-Actualization To Counselor Facilitativeness

After completing the Personal Orientation Inventory, 32 counselors-in-training each conducted a half-hour counseling session with one of 32 volunteer clients. Following the session, clients and counselors filled out the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory, indicating how encouraging the counselor had been. Correlational analyses found that in general, counselor trainees who viewed themselves as more self-actualized were not perceived by clients or by themselves as being more encouraging. Specific elements of self-actualization however (awareness of self, others, and the nature of man) were related to facilitative conditions.     

Personal Growth of Counselor Trainees

This study compared the level of self-actualization of beginning and advanced students in a master's program in counselor education using the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI). The advanced students scored significantly higher than the beginning students on two POI Scales, Feeling Reactivity and Acceptance of Aggression. The beginning students were more like a sample of normal adults than a sample of self-actualizing persons; however, the advanced students were more like the self-actualizing group.     

Self-actualization: The Heart and Soul of a Potential-based Life Skills Program for a Child with Multiple Disabilities

Although every child with disabilities may come to self-actualization by different means and measurements it is, nevertheless, an important goal. The child with disabilities may be guided toward her goal of self-actualization by being encouraged to find her individual strengths and capacities, and by being assisted to successfully interact with her environment. This article explores the use of the scientific method to support the development of a potential-based program that has nurtured self-actualization and the joy of learning for a child with multiple disabilities and chronic illness.     

Cross-cultural or intercultural counseling or psychotherapy

Summary We have reviewed the problems in counseling or psychotherapy posed by cultural differences. Few if any solutions to these problems have been proposed. It has been the general conclusion that theories and methods of psychotherapy developed in Western culture are not applicable in other cultures.This view is rejected on the basis that there are universals of human nature, a basic one being the common motive of self-actualization. The goal of counseling or psychotherapy is to facilitate the development of self-actualization in clients. Cultures can be evaluated in terms of their contribution to the self-actualization of their members. The major conditions for the development of self-actualizing persons are known, and must be present in counseling or psychotherapy as practiced with any client, regardless of his culture. These conditions are not time-bound nor culture-bound. The problems of practicing counseling or psychotherapy in other cultures are viewed as problems of implementing these conditions. Certain characteristics of clients which present obstacles to the implementation of the conditions are associated with certain cultures. Until cultural changes lead to changes in these characteristics, counseling or psychotherapy will be difficult and in some cases impossible with certain clients from certain cultures. Structuring and client education and training may change client expectations and make therapy possible. In any case, however, to accede to client expectations, abandoning methods which have been demonstrated to be related to self-actualization as an outcome of counseling or psychotherapy, is to abandon self-actualization as the goal, and to accept goals which are often inconsistent with self-actualization.     

教育制度设计对大学生机会型创业意向的影响——来自重庆的实证研究

教育制度不仅通过"自主学习"体系深刻影响着个体的"责任感"和"自我实现需要"等个性特质的形成,也通过"创业教育"和"实践教育"体系直接影响到"机会型创业意识"。来自重庆的调查数据证实,"学习自主性"对大学生的"创业责任感"和"自我实现需要"存在显著的正向影响;"创业责任感"、"自我实现需要"、"创业教育"、"创业牵涉程度"对大学生"机会型创业意向"存在显著的正向影响。改革现行教育教学模式,鼓励学生"自主学习",培育学生的"责任感"和"自我实现的需要";同时,为学生提供完善的创业教育和企业实践磨炼,提高学生创业素质,使大学生产生机会型创业的内外驱动力量,可以大力推动大学生机会型创业。     

人本主义心理学与马斯洛的需要层次论

马斯洛是人本主义心理学的先驱。需要层次论是他的动机理论中最重要的部份。在这一理论中，需要层次有七个需要，包括从人的基要直到自我实现的需要，他的自我实现的研究极富盛名。     

团队文化：高校辅导员队伍建设的新路径

高校辅导员团队文化建设是高等教育大众化进程中辅导员队伍建设的崭新课题,更是辅导员队伍职业化、专业化建设的重要任务。高校辅导员队伍建设发展进程中的新困境突出表现在团队文化建设薄弱,集中体现在四个方面：辅导员文化自觉意识尚待强化;辅导员职业生涯教育有待开展;辅导员职业形象教育需要创新;辅导员学习文化载体急需整合。所以需要从辅导员职业价值观教育、职业生涯规划教育、职业形象塑造、学习型组织等方面开展建设。     

CLIENT 1: A Computer Simulation for Use in Counselor Education and Research

CLIENT 1 is an interactive program that was designed to simulate client behavior in an initial interview and to provide a standardized environment for training and research on counselor problem-solving strategies. Through interaction with the computerized client, counselors attempt to facilitate client movement toward the goal of verbalizing a specific problem statement. Client movement is a function of the appropriateness and accuracy of counselor statements, the threat value associated with both client and counselor statements, the strength of the relationship between the counselor and client, and an index of counselor expertise. The uses of the simulation in counselor education and research are discussed.     

School Counselor Supervisors' Perceptions of the Discrimination Model of Supervision

The authors examined 38 school counselor supervisors' perceptions of the Discrimination Model (DM; Bernard, 1979, 1997) of supervision, replicating and extending Ellis and Dell's (1986) investigation of the DM with mental health counselor supervisors. Participants judged the dissimilarity of each unique combination of roles and foci of the DM. The authors conducted a confirmatory multidimensional scaling analysis to compare the implicit dimensions and constructs that school counselor and mental health counselor supervisors used to make decisions. Results suggested partial similarities in the conceptual maps of school counselor and mental health counselor supervisors. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

Research on client perceptions and expectations: Client Perceptions of Counselors' Nonverbal Behavior: A Reevaluation

The purpose of this audiovisual counseling study was to determine if variations in counselor nonverbal behavior result in enhanced or debilitated perceptions of counselor expertness, attractiveness, trustworthiness, and helpfulness. Three groups of participants rated the perceived expertness, attractiveness, trustworthiness, and helpfulness of a counselor emitting nonverbal behavior at a high, moderate, or low frequency. In addition, a fourth group rated the perceived expertness, attractiveness, trustworthiness, and helpfulness of the counselor role. Results indicate that: (a) low frequency counselor nonverbal behavior results in debilitated perceptions of counselors; (b) the counselor role is perceived as moderately expert, attractive, trustworthy, and helpful; and (c) compared with the counselor role, high frequency counselor nonverbal behavior does not enhance the perceived expertness, attractiveness, trustworthiness, and helpfulness of counselors. Implications for counseling practice, theory, and research are discussed.     

高校辅导员团队建设的问题与对策思考

我国高校辅导员制度经过五十多年的发展日趋成熟,但辅导员团队建设及其合力的充分发挥在实践过程中仍然存在问题,本文旨在讨论如何加强高校辅导员团队建设,探寻构建和谐有利的基层思想政治辅导员队伍的有效对策,提高高校学生思想政治教育工作的实效性。     

立德树人视域下的高校辅导员团队文化建设研究

党的十八大报告提出要把立德树人作为教育的根本任务。立德树人理念为辅导员团队文化建设指明了方向,为辅导员团队文化建设提出了要求。通过合理定位辅导员团队的共同愿景、精心挑选辅导员团队的领袖成员、有效完善辅导员团队的激励机制、努力营造辅导员团队的合作氛围对于形成强大的思想政治教育合力、创造良好的育人环境有着重要意义。     

Effect of Experimentally Induced Sets of High and Low ‘Expertness' During Brief Vocational Counseling

A study was designed to evaluate the effects of an experimentally induced set of “expertness” on clients' evaluations of their selected experiences during brief vocational counseling. Thirty-one college freshman males were randomly assigned to two induced sets of high and low expertness, and client responses to both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the interview were obtained. The results suggested that (a) clients responded more favorably to relationship aspects of the interview with a counselor who was introduced as a nonexpert than with a counselor who was introduced as an expert, (b) informational recall was greater for clients interviewed by the expert counselor, and (c) global ratings of counselor effectiveness did not differentiate between expert and nonexpert counselors. Implications for counselor training and counselor practice are discussed.     

论高校辅导员的职业倦怠及其消解策略

当前高校辅导员职业倦怠的主要表现为情绪衰竭、自我效能感降低、人性化行为缺失、去个性化等多方面,导致这一问题的原因是内外因素共同作用的结果,需要通过提高辅导员的职业认知水平、运用激励机制、帮助辅导员建立健全心理机制等多种途径,消解高校辅导员的职业倦怠.     

School counselor educators: A grounded theory of career interest and satisfaction

Annually, there are school counseling specific counselor educator positions that remain unfilled. There is a need for more counselor educators with school counseling backgrounds. This grounded theory provides a model of the process by which school counselor educators decide to enter academia and what keeps them in their positions, based on focus groups with 32 participants. Results showed the reasons for leaving school counseling, what factors promote entry into school counselor education, and what keeps school counselor educators in that role. Implications for counselor education are provided.     

A Comprehensive Model for Multidimensional Competencies in the Training of Secondary School Counselors

Counselor education programs throughout the country have employed competency-based objectives as part of their training programs. The utilization of behavioral objectives in defining specific counselor skills has produced numerous systems and models for the training of counselors. This article presents a multidimensional model for counselor education that uses a behavioral approach in conjunction with the more globally accepted services and functions of the secondary school counselor. The multidimensional model places the competencies in three distinct domains: (a) 10 identifiable services provided by the secondary counselor; (b) the three functions performed by the counselor; and (c) the three types of program training components commonly used in counselor education programs. The three dimensions of the model are presented in a Guilford-like cube for simplicity.     

Counselor Trainees' Perceptions of Clients Based on Client Sexual Orientation

In this analog study, the authors examined how client sexual orientation, counselor trainee homophobia, and counselor trainee gender affected counselor trainees' (N = 162) assignment of positive and negative adjectives to clients. A series of multiple regression analyses revealed that client sexual orientation, counselor trainee gender, and counselor trainee homophobia significantly predicted counselor trainees' perceptions of clients. Implications for counselor training and research are discussed.