知识经济与高等教育观念更新

在知识经济正向我们走来的时候,中国高等教育面临严峻挑战,必须分析探讨知识经济对人才的知识、能力、素质和个性发展的新要求,转变和更新教育观念,树立全新的高等教育观,包括教育任务观、教育内容观、教育目标观、办学观.     

校友情结:美国高校捐赠的主要动因

美国高校的捐赠收入已逐步成为高等教育发展的重要资金来源和缓解教育经费紧张的重要策略之一。其中,校友捐赠在资金来源中的比例逐年攀升,已成为不容忽视的捐赠力量。究其原因,校友情结是校友为母校捐赠的内在动因。美国高校校友会非常重视校友资本这一恒定持续的关系资源,采取各种措施加强与校友的联系,为高校的发展筹措源源不断的资金。     

关于高校校友资源开发的思考

校友是高校特有的资源和无价资产。充分发挥校友资源的作用,对高校的改革和发展具有十分重要意义。论文分析了校友资源价值的主要功能体现,指出了当前校友资源开发中存在的主要问题,并提出了加强校友资源开发的相关建议。     

更新教育观念,促进高等教育发展

高等教育必须要适应政治、经济和社会发展的要求。在当今的市场经济环境下,随着经济全球化,我国加入WTO,教育观念必须随着更新,要树立起高等教育国际化的观念、高等教育发展的观念、市场经济环境下新的观念以及以人为本的观念。     

更新观念发挥优势办出特色

发展高等职业技术教育要以更新教育思想观念为先导，明确高职教育的特征；发挥本科院校办学优势，正确定位；紧紧依靠行业（企业）办学，发挥校企各自优势，办出特色。     

美国高校远程教育办学特色与经验探究

美国远程高等教育的办学模式灵活多样,本文在对哈佛大学、斯坦福大学、宾州州立大学、波士顿大学、马里兰大学等几所全日制院校的远程教育办学模式的调研基础上,对其战略定位、组织结构、人力资源管理、合作机制、教学行为等方面的特色进行了提炼、分析和归纳,以期对我国高校远程教育有所借鉴.     

Teachers' Voices in the Context of Higher Education Reforms in Armenia

In this article, teachers' sense-making and reasoning about higher education reforms in a post Soviet country, namely Armenia, are examined using an analytical framework with six sensitising concepts: beliefs, emotions, attitudes, change knowledge, attributions and organisational culture. The results of semi-structured interviews with 12 Armenian higher education teachers showed that they mainly felt distrust towards reforms and that the implementation initiatives caused dissatisfaction, frustration and therefore distortion. At a deeper level, the teachers mostly felt excluded from the reform process and that their role was depreciated. One striking feature was the predominant causal attribution of teachers to external, unstable and uncontrollable factors which question the success of the reforms.     

Higher Education: The Experience of the United States

The United States has been well served by its higher education system that, historically, was the product of two philosophies: commitment to the discovery and furtherance of knowledge and fulfillment of the needs of the people. The interaction of these twin philosophies has been tempered by four movements: (i) public control of higher education institutions through boards of trustees; (ii) open admissions for high school graduates; (iii) the university in service to the community; and (iv) the increasing importance of federally funded research. Only in its ability to influence foreign policy formation has American higher education proven itself to be less effective than in the other areas.     

校友捐赠和高校发展:社会资本视角的分析

校友捐赠在中外都有很长的发展历史,当今更是推动高校发展的关键因素。在社会资本理论的基础上,构建校友和高校发展的交易模式,阐述两者间的互动关系,进而论证校友捐赠是高校发展的必然选择。发挥校友社会资本的融资、信息和发展功能,对推进高校发展有重要的意义。     

Higher Education Access and Expansion: the French Experience

This article deals with the issues of access and expansion in France. It elaborates on the rationale and causes behind the expansion of higher education over the last 25 years and the impact this has had on the system, more particularly in terms of inclusion and exclusion. The article shows that, as in the United Kingdom, although expansion has occurred, it has largely failed to deliver the democratising effect that people had hoped for.     

Quality Assessment in Higher Education: the Scottish Experience

Quality assessment has been a feature of higher education in Scotland for the academic years from 1992 to 1996. As part of a review of its quality assessment procedures, the Scottish Higher Education Funding Council commissioned a survey of perceptions of the process, both amongst those involved in conducting the assessment and those subject to it. The aims of this paper are firstly to present the profile of opinion amongst 366 respondents to the questionnaire and secondly to investigate whether any patterns are discernible within this group by examining whether TQA is viewed differently by different constituencies within the academic community. Implications for the future direction of quality assessment are discussed.     

Ethnic Minority Experience in Higher Education

It appears that institutions of higher education in Britain are far behind the schools and colleges of further education in assessing the experience and success of ethnic minorities, and in developing and monitoring equal opportunity policies. The article starts with a review' of currently available evidence from the literature on the participation rate of various ethnic groups in higher education. This is followed by a brief discussion of some key factors influencing their entry into higher education institutions. The information available to date indicates an uneven distribution of ethnic minorities between these institutions and the subjects they offer. The article contains the preliminary findings, from a research project, on the performance of students f om ethnic minority groups at Bradford & Ilkley Community College and four other institutions of higher education in the North of England. There is a brief discussion of some important issues, including racial discrimination and racial harassment, acting as barriers to the success of ethnic minorities in higher education. It is suggested that further research in this area is urgently needed to ensure that students from ethnic minority communities benefit equally from the higher education provision in Britain.     

Higher Education as a System: The English Experience

With particular, although not exclusive, reference to England, this article explores the appropriateness of describing higher education as a system. It has two main purposes: to explore the grounds for labelling English higher education as a system and to argue that, because this is no longer an appropriate label, a different conceptualisation is required. The central argument is that the structure of higher education is formed through the interaction of the state, market and higher education institutions and is, therefore, a shifting political construct. Furthermore, it will be hypothesised that the English (indeed, the British) model of higher education is better described as an increasingly internally differentiated network of sectors rather than as a system.     

Voices in Education: Politics and Teacher Education

Abstract

This research examined the legal climate regarding admissions and retention in teacher preparation programs as well as the current practices of selected programs. The study utilized legal/archival research and an on‐line survey of 27 universities. Findings indicated that the legal parameters regarding admission and retention fall under the expectations established for other types of professional training. University officials have great latitude to make professional judgments. The survey found that most institutions have formal admission and retention policies, though the admission policies are more fully developed. Many universities reported having formal policies to consider student dispositions for teaching, though no single policy is used by more than one third of the universities surveyed (most employ informal means). Conclusions include that teacher preparation programs have more legal latitude than is being employed for admission and retention decisions, and it is recommended that the field establish professional norms for retention policies and assessing student dispositions for teaching.     

亲历美国高等教育之感

从背景、发展概况和体会三个方面阐述美国高等教育情况。描述美国高等教育大众化与普及化、高等教育的管理、高等教育经费。同时,对我国高等教育的大众化、高等教育管理与高等教育经费提出看法。     

教育立法推动高等教育改革:国际经验与中国选择

高等教育立法为高等教育改革提供了国家层面的理论框架和行动依据。高等教育的改革进程与高等教育立法进程几乎是同步进行的,高等教育改革的成效建立在高等教育立法基石之上。从世界近现代高等教育改革进程看,高等教育立法在调控教育改革发展方向和进程、促进高等教育大发展、优化权力配置等方面发挥了重要作用。借鉴国外经验,中国应立足国情,改进和完善高等教育立法体系,建立高等教育立法修订机制,从行政思维转向法治思维,推动高等教育法治化进程,为高等教育现代化建设提供制度保障和动力支持。