The Spanish Heritage Education Observatory / El Observatorio de Educación Patrimonial en España

The Spanish Heritage Education Observatory (SHEO) comprises two successive R&D&I projects whose goal is to trace, sort through, inventory, analyse and evaluate heritage education programmes produced both in Spain and in the international sphere from 2000 up to the present moment. In terms of research and knowledge transfer, SHEO’s main result has been its integration into the National Education and Heritage Plan — a specific programme devoted to heritage education research and heritage teaching innovation.     

远程教育:一种失落了的远古生态文明——史前期人类远程教育活动状况的文化生态学考察和研究

远程教育是一种备受人们关注的历史文化现象 ,目前 ,关于它的起源有四种认识 ,然而它究竟起源于何时呢 ?该文尝试从文化生态学的角度 ,对远程教育的起源作出新的注解 ,以支持远程教育起源于远古生态文明层面的论点     

Mexican Americans and the push for culturally relevant education: the bilingual education movement in Tucson, 1958–1969

This essay traces the bilingual education movement that began in Tucson through the efforts of local teachers, university faculty and educational leaders. It is argued that Mexican Americans and their allies played a crucial role in promoting the merits of bilingual education at the local, state and national levels. Their advocacy of Spanish-for-Spanish-speakers programmes as a culturally relevant means of improving educational outcomes for Mexican American students led to a push for bilingual education with the support of the National Education Association. The work that educators from Tucson accomplished focused national attention on the education of Mexican Americans and ultimately contributed to the passage of the Bilingual Education Act of 1968. This legislation sparked a national movement to expand bilingual education programmes throughout the Southwest and other parts of the nation.     

Why (not) associate the principle of inclusion with disability? Tracing connections from the start of the ‘Salamanca Process’

This article reflects on changes in the disability-related educational approach of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), specifically investigating the context UNESCO's Special Needs Education unit was embedded in while following up the ‘World Conference on Special Needs Education’ that was held in Salamanca 20 years ago. The paper starts with the observations that first education for all and inclusive education are currently as education themes of UNESCO quite similar in terms of their scope and rationale. Second, although debates on inclusive education have been fuelled in context with the UN-‘Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities’, disability plays a less important role in UNESCO's programme spectrum, compared to some decades ago. Drawing from a study on institutions and knowledge analysing shifts in meanings of inclusive education, the recent tautology of themes is interpreted in connection with changes of UNESCO's approach to special needs education after 1994 and as consequence of shifts occurring back then in perceptions about the goals of UNESCO programmes. Borrowing from Organisation Studies, the article highlights conceptual changes in UNESCO's programmes, from traditional special (needs) education to inclusive education. Data used have been collected in the archives of the UNESCO headquarters in Paris. Method of the interpretive inquiry is in-depth content analysis.     

对提高教育信息化投资效率的思考——基于米尔顿·弗里德曼“教育券”思想

教育信息化将成为教育改革的重要突破点,然而目前我国教育信息化的投资还存在投入严重短缺、低水平重复建设较严重、政府教育管理部门效率低下、学校的个性化发展难以满足等现状,制约了教育信息化的发展。教育券作为一种适应市场经济的制度,对提高教育信息化投资效率提供了许多新的视角。文章基于此种考虑,探讨教育券适用于教育信息化领域的可能及提高教育信息化投资效率的措施。     

The golden age of BTEC: the business education curriculum in 1980s further education

This article provides an account of ‘three generations’ of the Business Education Council (BEC)/Business and Technician (later Technology) Education Council (BTEC) curriculum as implemented in further education colleges between 1979 and 1992. There is discussion of aspects of the underlying philosophy of BEC/BTEC, the structure and content of the programmes, skills, assessment, work experience, learning strategies, and aspects of monitoring and quality control. It is argued that BEC/BTEC, through a form of vocational progressivism, successfully transformed pedagogic practices in FE during the 1980s. The advent of the National Council for Vocational Qualifications, however, and the subsequent introduction of General Advanced Vocational Qualifications in 1993 effectively marked the end of the ‘BEC/BTEC’ era and the establishment of a more directly instrumentalist approach to vocational education.     

Transformative and emancipatory literacy to empower

ABSTRACT

This paper draws on sociological and critical educational frames, particularly Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic violence, in order to contest the dominant model of literacy education that is driven by the premise of a ‘knowledge economy’. Instead it foregrounds the political, social, and economic factors that marginalise learners. Data from two projects: an ethnographic study in a Further Education (FE) College in England and a study of community-based literacy programmes in Scotland, are probed to show how literacy classes can offer spaces to challenge symbolic violence and facilitate learners to reclaim identities of success. These changes are illustrated from the learners’ views of the contrasts between their experiences of school education and literacy programmes that use transformative and emancipatory approaches. Our research demonstrates how critical education can open up spaces for a more equitable approach based on the co-production of knowledge. It is argued that making changes to policy and practice could inform and shape the literacy curriculum and its pedagogy if adult literacy can disentangle itself from instrumental approaches driven by neoliberal fusion and instead create critical space for contextualised and emancipatory learning.     

艺术教育与教育艺术漫谈

艺术教育与教育艺术是两个不同的概念。艺术教育以其实施美育的特殊功能和途径,对促进人的智力因素和非智力因素的和谐发展有着非常重要的作用。教育艺术则是不同门类教学中所共有的、最能充分体现＂教育＂本质的＂艺术＂活动。当前素质教育的实施,对教育改革的深度和广度以及紧迫性都提出了新的要求,所以树立现代化的教育艺术观,研究探讨教育艺术对教育的作用和影响,具有重大的现实意义和深远的历史意义。     

当前大学体育教学模式及其发展方向分析

当前大学体育教学正在进行着深刻的变革,对大学体育教学模式的改革是一个极为重要的课题。文章对当前大学体育教学模式进行了深入的分析,提出了大学体育教学改革的几点方向,以期对高校体育教学改革所有帮助。     

The evolution of Education Studies in higher education in England

In this article we examine the recent development of Education Studies as an undergraduate subject of study in England. The evolution of Education Studies is inextricably linked to the political context which it exists to critique. Changes within teacher education have spawned education studies in a number of guises. It is only latterly that policy changes have created the conditions for Education Studies to thrive as a subject in its own right. The genesis of the subject is traced through a brief historical analysis and its current various manifestations are outlined. The nature of Education Studies is discussed. Fundamentally, the authors contend that Education Studies provides a set of analytical discourses that facilitate critique of shifting knowledge bases, policy contexts and socio-economic developments as they impact upon education.     

卢梭的自然教育思想及其现实意义

卢梭是18世纪法国伟大的启蒙思想家,也是世界近代教育史上具有重要影响的教育家.他所提倡的自然教育不仅是对封建教育制度的全面而深刻的批判,同时也提出了一些新的教育观念.在大力提倡素质教育的今天,卢梭的自然教育思想具有积极进步的意义.     

The initial training of teachers to teach children with special educational needs: A national survey of English Post Graduate Certificate of Education programmes

With moves towards inclusive education, there are demands for developments in initial teacher education as regards special needs and inclusive education. This paper outlines initial training in England within an international context. It then reports findings of a recent national survey of Programme directors and subject tutors of Post Graduate Certificate in Education programmes (PGCE) for primary and secondary teachers about the initial training provision in this aspect teaching. The main findings are about varied practices across placement schools, the commitment to the training partnership, coordination problems across the partnership and organising teaching experience of pupils with SEN. The implications of the study are also discussed in national and international terms.     

Critical Religious Education (CRE) in practice: evaluating the reception of an introductory scheme of work

Critical Religious Education (CRE) is a contemporary pedagogy of religious education developed by Andrew Wright and various colleagues over the past two decades. There has been widespread academic discourse about the pedagogy in theory but increasingly commentators have called for examples of it in practice. Over the past seven years a writing group associated with The Forum of Religious and Spiritual Education at King’s College London have been developing practical materials aimed at supporting teachers in embedding the pedagogy in practice. Of particular relevance to this paper is the development of an introductory scheme of work, aimed at year 7 students, which has been trialled in a number of schools in and around London. In 2013, focus group interviews took place in four of these schools in order to ascertain the reception that the materials had received. The data suggests a very positive response to the introductory scheme of work and the CRE approach in general, partially dispelling some criticisms levelled at it in academic discourse. The author has thus suggested that the approach and the work of the writing group need further exposure, especially in schools, at conferences and on initial teacher education programmes.     

Educational Research for Policy and Practice in Japan – With Particular Reference to Youth Education

Based upon the Fundamental Law of Education, Japanese school education system has long been a source of pride for the country as a result of the high school participation rate, the homogeneity of compulsory education throughout the country. However, the confidence of the people in its schools is now showing severe signs of strain and fatigue. In recent years, there have been many reports about the growing seriousness of a number of educational problems having to do with young people in their childhood and adolescence. Since the mid-1970s, a number of problems have been highlighted. They include violent behavior, juvenile crimes, bullying, refusal to attend school, dropping out at secondary level of education, and corporal punishment. Against the above background, based on recommendations from such advisory bodies as the Central Council for Education and the National Commission on Education Reform, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) has adopted a range of policies and launched a series of educational reform programmes. For instance, what is called “Rainbow Plan”, based on the final report submitted by the National Commission on Education Reform, provides the country with basic guidelines for the educational reform in the near future. Roles of educational research for making policies have been of significance. Research initiated by the National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) and the National Federation of Educational Policy Research Institutes (NFERI) is an example of contributions to the development of educational qualities in the country. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

完善美育体系加强素质教育

在素质教育中 ,美育具有十分重要而又特殊的地位。美育与德育、智育、体育结合、使受教育者得到全面发展。美育的核心是艺术教育。迄今为止 ,我国学校教育中的美育仍是薄弱环节。应根据不同类型高等院校的要求 ,完善高校美育课程体系。     

后疫情时代的数字教育新图景:挑战、行动与思考——欧盟《数字教育行动计划(2021-2027年)》解读

新冠疫情的持续蔓延对世界各国的教育系统产生了巨大影响,为了更好应对后疫情时代的教育及构建教育新形态,欧盟于2020年9月底发布了《数字教育行动计划(2021-2027年)》。该报告聚焦于在数字教育中运用数字技术开展教与学以及培养学习者的数字能力,明确了欧盟层面未来需要推进的“促进高性能的数字教育生态系统的发展”和“提高数字技能和能力以实现数字化转型”两大战略重点,并详细列出了十三项行动计划。通过解读该报告,可为我国教育信息化2.0规划背景下优质、高效的数字教育应用与发展,带来以下启示:应开展科学评估和顶层设计,优化我国数字教育生态;推动数字能力评估,提升全民数字能力;加大共享与协作,构建更为开放的教育服务生态体系等。     

希腊高等教育:政府举办与学校自治

希腊高等教育具有政府举办、学校自治的特征.希腊宪法规定高等教育是公立的,高校实行完全免费政策.希腊绝大多数高等教育机构在行政体制上由国家教育与宗教事务部管理,少数由其它部委监管;法律赋予高等学校完全的自治权和学术自由,在学校内部运行和管理上有完善的学校制度.     

高等教育自学考试的学历检验制度及其发展前景

作为国家承认学历的高等教育,应当有国家承认的教育质量标准和学历检验制度,以确保国家高等教育的质量和水平。研究从以普通高等教育为代表的全日制高等教育和以自学考试、成人教育、广播电视大学教育和网络高等教育为代表的非全日制高等教育的质量比较入手,分析了各种教育形式的质量标准和存在的问题,从维护国家高等教育的整体质量出发,提出基于自学考试建立非全日制高等教育学历检验制度,包括体系结构和价值导向两个方面。     

教育公正视野下的成人教育研究

教育公正是社会公正的一部分,它给予研究成人教育一个新的视野。研究教育公正视野下的成人教育,阐明教育公正和成人教育之间的关系是基础;从教育对象的特殊性、受教育权利的补偿性、教育目标的全面性来说明教育公正视野下成人教育的合理性;基于前面的论述,最后提出从实现受教育权利、关注个体生命、展示自由个性说明教育公正视野下成人教育的回归。