Managing Difference: secondary English in the National Curriculum

The article analyses the 2007 orders for secondary English by charting their development and comparing them with those for other subjects. Their account of literature is incoherent in relation to national identity. Their implicit model of individual identity is likewise flawed, partly because of an unexamined drift towards rhetoric. These problems are partly attributable to a lack of interest in dialogue within the orders themselves and in their creation. They do, however, make Foucauldian sense as part of a system for generating the knowledges by which state education is run – knowledges which teachers and pupils alike are expected to internalise.     

试论国家课程的作用与特点－－以英格兰国家课程为例

英格兰正在实施的新国家课程力求对国家课程自开始之日起就纠缠不清的几个问题进行梳理和明确，以使教育适应21世纪对自身提出的挑战。它给予我国正在进行的新一轮基础教育课程改革的启示在于：1.国家课程要想取得成功，必须使学校既能从长计议，形成和提升学生恒久性的价值观念，又能对现实中出现的经济和社会变迁积极应对；2.新的国家课程在形成过程中应有教师的高度参与，教师须持有清晰的课程理念；3.跨学科学习主题应在国家课程中有所体现。     

Community,culture and identity: geography,the National Curriculum and Wales

ABSTRACT

The 1988 Education Reform Act legislated for a National Curriculum not for one nation but for two, Wales and England. This article reviews the way in which attempts to develop a distinctive curriculum in Wales for one subject, geography, were thwarted by the dominance among key policy‐makers in England of views about the study of place which were unsympathetic to the idea of the school curriculum being a vehicle for the development of a sense of community and national identity. Drawing on evidence from a survey of secondary school geography teachers in Wales, it considers the extent to which the teaching of geography is seen by teachers as a means of achieving such educational goals.     

论国家课程的校本化实施——以上海市育才中学为例

国家课程的校本化实施,不仅适合我国新课程改革的特点与需要,也符合学校作为一种学习型组织和教师作为一名专业工作者的基本教育假定。国家课程的校本化实施,一方面是由课程实施本身的二元特征所决定的;另一方面,也是由我国新课程改革本身的性质与特点决定的。国家课程的校本化实施,还有助于解决新课程改革＂实验—推广＂这一基本模式自身所存在的种种问题与弊端。本文将研究视角聚焦于国家课程的校本化实施问题,试图通过对样本学校个性化实施国家课程的基本思路与做法的详细描述,阐明国家课程校本化实施的基本思路、途径和所应该注意的问题。     

英国入职教师教育国家课程探析

英国入职教师教育国家课程对合格教师资格标准,课程总要求,英语、数学、科学和信息交流技术在学科教学中的应用等几个方面进行了规定,并提出了较为具体的要求。实施其课程的目标是达成合格教师资格标准。该课程具有实践性,注重信息交流技术在学科教学中的作用,注重中小学在教师教育课程中的作用。这些启示我们要尽快制定教师资格标准,强化实践性入职教师教育课程并注重对其实施效果进行指导和监督。     

The debate over the National Curriculum for history in England and Wales, 198990: the role of the press

The construction of a history curriculum for England and for Wales under the terms of the 1988 Education Reform Act occasioned more debate in the media than any other subject in the National Curriculum. The links between the content of a history syllabus and perceptions within both nations of the part this plays in moulding national spirit made this inevitable. The disparity of view between the two groups charged with devising the syllabus and the government, particularly the Prime Minister, heightened the tension. This article explores the way in which consequent political, professional and public discussion was covered in the whole range of national newspapers. It is argued that the failure of the London press to comprehend the situation in Wales reduced significantly its appreciation of the processes involved in the making of the history curriculum.     

英国新历史科国家课程标准中的能力目标论析

1991年英国颁布了该国教育史上第一个历史科国家课程标准,1995年和1999年又先后颁布了两个历史科国家课程标准。2007年开始修订新的历史科国家课程标准,并于2008年9月开始实施该标准。英国的历史科国家课程标准是以能力目标体系为主线的,文章试图对在2008年新版中作了重大修改的第三阶段（相当于我国的初中阶段）能力目标作一番探讨,其成功经验对我国的历史教学有借鉴作用。     

新课程背景下对高中英语教师的培训初探——对宜宾市高中英语教师的调查分析

目前,我国基础教育课程已经经历了八次改革。在推行新课程改革的过程中,教师的地位和作用不能忽视。本文根据基础教育课程改革和高中英语新课程标准的要求,对宜宾市高中英语教师关注的热点以及其所在中学改革的现状和难点进行了抽样调查,分析得出目前教师们急需培训的几个方面,以帮助师范院校对高中教师进行更有针对性的师资培训,推进基础教育课程改革更顺利地进行。     

论新课程理念下英语课程资源的开发与利用

课程资源是课程体系的重要组成部分,积极开发和合理利用课程资源是英语新课程实施的重要环节。随着新课程改革的进行,课程资源的开发与利用成为教师教学和学生学习实践的重要内容。     

试论新课程标准背景下的高考试卷设计

自2007年以来,新课程标准背景下的高考已在多个省市施行。从近年来新课程标准背景下的高考命题实践来看,其试卷设计一方面延续了我国高考试卷设计的一贯思路和做法,在强调知识和能力上下足了力气;另一方面,也顺应了这一论课程改革的发展,呈现出一些与以往不同的变化,突出了对学生在解题过程中所运用的过程与方法、情感态度价值观的考查。本文介绍了有效测验开发的12个步骤,并讨论了新课程标准背景下高考试卷设计的几个关键步骤。     

Group composition and National Curriculum assessment at seven years

This paper presents the initial findings of a long-term study to examine whether the introduction of compulsory school science for pupils in UK schools in 1991 is effective in raising the general level of scientific literacy. The use of the term 'scientific literacy' in the literature is considered and a definition of the term as it is applied in this study is offered. The scientific literacy level of two groups of initial teacher training studentswith contrasting experiences of school sciencewas compared. Students completed a simple science test that had been originally written for 11-year-old children. The average test score of students who had experienced compulsory school science from the ages of 11 to 16 was found to be significantly higher (p = 0.014) than that of students for whom school science was optional at secondary level. The study also highlights specific areas of conceptual difficulty in basic science experienced by almost all of the students tested. Test questions relating to the circulatory system, light and sound produced very low scores from almost all students, regardless of their science background. The paper considers the implications of these findings for science teachers and policymakers in both the primary and secondary sectors.     

芬兰《学前教育国家核心课程》的背景、特点及其启示

芬兰政府颁布的《学前教育国家核心课程》被认为是世界上最优秀的课程标准之一。该课程标准是在特定背景下颁布的,具有以下特点:立场明确,保护儿童权利;内容丰富,发展幼儿个性;信任儿童,鼓励自由表达;注重环保,培养审美能力;强调互动,侧重发展性评价等。其对中国幼儿园课程开发的启示包括:坚持主体性原则,打破狭窄的课程定位;坚持整合性原则,树立开放的课程观念;坚持发展性原则,重视创新的课程架构等。     

A National Curriculum for Wales: A Case Study of Education Policy-Making in the Era of Administrative Devolution

The 1988 Education Reform Act legislated for a statutory curriculum in state-funded schools in England and Wales. This study explores how, out of a common curriculum framework for both countries, there emerged a school curriculum that was adapted to the distinctiveness of the linguistic and cultural context in Wales. The roles of those most closely involved in policy development in Wales are examined as is the relationship between the 'national' and 'territorial' arenas of policy-making in the months leading up to publication of the Education Reform Bill in November 1987. It is argued that a pragmatic approach to policy development in Wales during that period laid the foundations both for a reworking of the 1988 curriculum framework during the 1990s and for potentially more radical change following the 2002 Education Act.     

探究式教学法在英语新课程教学中的应用

语言的习得不是通过以形式为中心的机械训练达成的,而是在使用中成就的。《英语课程标准》明确提出：鼓励学生通过体验、实践、讨论、合作、探究等方式,发展听、说、读、写的综合语言技能。因此,培养学生探究学习的能力,是实施新课程的重要目的之一。通过阐述探究式教学法的含义及其在英语新课程教学中应用的意义,并对启发探究式教学法、合作探究式教学法和问题探究式教学法在英语新课程教学上的应用进行探讨,以实现既符合基础教育学生特点,又能落实新的教学理念的教学模式。     

Mapping creativity in the Hungarian National Core Curriculum: a content analysis of the overall statements of intent,curricular areas and education levels

In the past 20 years, creativity has increasingly been recognised as an important aspect of young people's education around the world. The global interest in creativity is fuelled by various economic and social considerations. One concern of the approach to creativity in education is the curriculum. The research reported in this paper aimed at identifying the curriculum-level enablers and barriers to nurturing creativity in Hungarian public education by investigating the place of creativity, as well as that of creative pedagogy, in the Hungarian National Core Curriculum (HNCC) using content analysis. Findings revealed that creativity and the components of creative pedagogy were recurring elements of the HNCC. In Arts and Mathematics, the high importance of creativity was also supported by the strong presence of the elements of creative pedagogy. The barriers identified include the lack of clear and consistent definitions of creativity, the varied incidences of creativity and components of creative pedagogy, with extremely low attention to nurturing creativity in Foreign languages, Man and nature (science), and The Earth – our environment (geography). It has been concluded, therefore, that a more coherent and consistent approach to creativity across the HNCC is required.     

文学门类网络教育国家精品课程资源共享论——兼与部分美国院校开放课程比较

网络化学习是现代远程教育的优势和本质特征。教育部2007年首次评出网络教育精品课程,至今已有4届209门,其中36门文学艺术类课程分布于20所试点高校。与美国院校的24门文艺类开放课程相比,我国的网络课程在形式、内容和风格等方面多有不同。网民人口的普及率和成熟化昭示着网络教育的发展空间,而教学内容则是网络教育精品课程共享的第一要务。在日常生活审美化的今天,文学门类网络教育国家精品课程在引领文化传承、服务全民学习、发展终身教育方面应该发挥更大的作用。