A prospective examination of the impact of high levels of exercise training on sedentary behaviour

The aim of this study is to determine changes in sedentary behaviour in response to extensive aerobic exercise training. Participants included adults who self-selected to run a marathon. Sedentary behaviour, total activity counts and physical activity (PA) intensity were assessed (Actigraph GT3X) for seven consecutive days during seven assessment periods (?3, ?2, and ?1 month prior to the marathon, within 2 weeks of the marathon, and +1, +2, and +3 months after the marathon). Models were fitted with multiple imputation data using the STATA mi module. Random intercept generalized least squares (GLS) regression models were used to determine change in sedentary behaviour with seven waves of repeated measures. Results: Twenty-three individuals (mean?±?S_x: 34.4?±?2.1y, 23.0?±?1.9% fat, 15 women, 8 men) completed the study. Marathon finishing times ranged from 185 to 344 minutes (253.2?±?9.6 minutes). Total counts in the vertical axis were 1,729,414 lower one month after the race, compared with two months prior to the race (peak training). Furthermore, counts per minute decreased by 252.7 counts·minute^?1 during that same time period. Daily sedentary behaviour did not change over the seven assessment periods, after accounting for age, gender, per cent body fat, wear time, marathon finishing time, and previous marathon experience. This prospective study supports the notion that PA and sedentary behaviours are distinct, showing that sedentary behaviour was not impacted by high levels of aerobic training.     

Validity and reliability of the Moxy oxygen monitor during incremental cycling exercise

Introduction: The Moxy is a novel, cutaneously placed muscle oxygen monitor which claims to measure local oxygen saturation (SmO₂) and total haemoglobin (THb) using near-infrared spectroscopy. If shown to be reliable, its data storage and telemetric capability will be useful for assessing localised O₂ usage during field-based exercise. This study investigated the reliability of the Moxy during cycling and assessed the correlations between its measurements, whole-body O₂ consumption (VO₂) and heart rate (HR). Methods: Ten highly trained cyclists performed an incremental, step-wise cycling protocol on two occasions while wearing the Moxy. SmO₂, THb, VO₂ and HR were recorded in the final minute of each five-minute stage. Data were analysed using Spearman’s Order-Rank Coefficient (SROC), Intraclass Correlation (ICC), and Coefficient of Variance (COV). Significance was set at p?≤?.05. Results: SmO₂ showed a ‘strong’ or ‘very large’ correlation between trials (SROC: r?=?0.842–0.993, ICC: r?=?0.773–0.992, p?≤?.01) and was moderately correlated with VO₂ and HR (r?=??0.71–0.73, p?≤?.01). SmO₂ showed a moderate to high reliability at low intensities, but this decreased as relative exercise intensity increased. THb showed poor correlations between tests and with the other measured variables, but was highly reliable at all power outputs. Conclusions: The Moxy is a reliable device to measure SmO₂ at low to moderate intensities, but at higher intensities, greater variation in measurements occurs, likely due to tissue ischaemia or increased movement artefacts due to more frequent muscular contractions. THb has low variation during exercise, and does not appear to be a valid indicator of muscle oxygenation.     

Aerobic training but no resistance training increases SIRT3 in skeletal muscle of sedentary obese male adolescents

In recent years, prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has increased. A strategy for prevention and management of obesity is aerobic training (AT) due to its effectiveness to decrease fat mass. AT increases the content of SIRT3, a mitochondrial protein that increases the expression of PGC-1α and NFR1, thereby enhances mitochondrial function and metabolic health. Resistance training (RT) provides metabolic benefits but its effect on SIRT3 content is unknown. To compare the effect of AT and RT on SIRT3, PGC-1α and NRF-1 protein levels in skeletal muscle of sedentary obese adolescents. Twenty-seven sedentary obese male adolescents (age: 16.7?±?0.9 years; BMI: 33.7?±?4.3?kg/m²) completed a 1-month control period prior to randomization to one of two supervised exercise protocols: AT (3 days/week, 40 min/day, 70–80% peak heart rate) or RT (3 days/week, 11 exercises, 2 sets/exercise, 12 repetitions/set) for 12 weeks. Biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after 12 weeks to analyse SIRT3, PGC-1α and NRF-1 proteins content. Peak oxygen consumption (VO_2peak) and anthropometric variables were evaluated before and after training. AT increased SIRT3 content, which was associated with improvements in PGC-1α content and body fat percentage. RT did not affect SIRT3 or PGC-1α. VO_2peak increased only in AT. The increase in muscle mitochondrial SIRT3 was observed only following AT. In contrast, RT increased muscle mass without improving SIRT3 in obese male adolescents.     

不同运动方式对2型糖尿病患者血糖相关指标的影响

目的:比较12周有氧运动和抗阻训练对2型糖尿病患者血糖相关指标影响的差异,为制定特异性的运动处方提供依据.方法:将符合标准的受试者随机分为有氧运动组(14人)、抗阻训练组(13人)、对照组(15人),有氧运动组和抗阻训练组进行每周3次、共12周的运动干预,对照组保持日常生活习惯不变.实验前后分别测定血糖(包括空腹血糖和运动后非空腹血糖)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、心率和血压等指标.结果:12周运动干预后,有氧运动组和抗阻训练组空腹血糖、运动后非空腹血糖、HbA1c均下降(P<0.05),但抗阻训练组运动后非空腹血糖、HbA1c降低的程度(分别为38%和21%)要大于有氧运动组(分别为26%和9%)(P<0.01),两组安静心率和血压无显著变化(P>0.05).对照组所有指标的变化不明显.结论:有氧运动和抗阻训练均能有效降低2型糖尿病患者的血糖和HbA1c水平,但抗阻训练对运动后非空腹血糖和HbA1c水平的改善要优于有氧运动.     

Aerobic exercise did not have compensatory effects on physical activity levels in type 2 diabetes patients

Although exercise promotes beneficial effects in diabetic patients, some studies have questioned the degree of their importance in terms of the increase in total energy expenditure. In these studies, the decrease of physical activity levels (PAL) was referred as “compensatory effect of exercise”. However, our aim was to investigate whether aerobic exercise has compensatory effects on PAL in type 2 diabetes patients. Eight volunteers (51.1 ± 8.2 years) were enrolled in a supervised exercise programme for 8 weeks (3 d · wk^?1, 50–60% of VO₂ peak for 30–60 min). PAL was measured using tri-axial accelerometers in the 1st, 8th and 12th weeks. Biochemical tests, cardiorespiratory fitness, anthropometric assessment and body composition were measured in the 2nd and 11th weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests (Friedman and Wilcoxon, P < 0.05). We found no significant differences in PAL between intervention periods, and participants spent the majority of their awake time in sedentary activities. However, the exercise programme generated a significant 14.8% increase in VO₂ peak and a 15% reduction in fructosamine. The exercise programme had no compensatory effects on PAL in type 2 diabetes patients, but improved their cardiorespiratory fitness and glycaemic control.     

Effects of a phase change cooling garment during exercise in the heat

The purpose of our study was to examine the physiological, perceptual, and performance effects of wearing a phase change cooling garment (CG) during an interval exercise routine in the heat. Sixteen male participants (age 23?±?3 years, ht 1.76?±?0.11?m; wt 78.5?±?11.2?kg; body fat 15.2?±?5.8%) completed two trials (one with phase change inserts, CG, and one control without inserts) consisting of two submaximal exercise portions separated by 5-minute seated rest, and a final maximal effort performance bout. Each submaximal bout involved 30?seconds or 1?minute of muscular endurance and agility exercises and 5?minutes of treadmill jogging and step-ups. The performance bout included 30?seconds or 1?minute of muscular endurance and agility exercises, with participants completing as many repetitions as possible, followed by a 15-minute recovery (active and passive). Rectal temperature (T_re) and heart rate were not different between trials, however change in T_re from baseline was improved during 10 and 15 minutes of recovery with the CG (P?<?.05). Mean skin temperature was lower using the CG vs control throughout the trial (P?<?.05). Thermal sensation was lower when using the CG compared to control (P?<?.001). There were no differences in any outcomes of the performance exercises (P?>?.05). These findings indicate that the continuous use of a CG during an interval style workout in the heat provides improvements in thermal sensation, however, only minimal thermophysiological benefits, and no performance augmentation.     

Comparing the effects of low and high load resistance exercise to failure on adaptive responses to resistance exercise in young women

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 6 weeks of resistance training to volitional failure at low (30% 1 repetition maximum (RM)) or high (80%1RM) loads on gains in muscle size and strength in young women. Thirteen women (age: 29.7 ± 4.7years; height 166.7 ± 6.4cm; weight 64.2 ± 12.2kg) completed 2 training sessions per week for 6 weeks and muscle strength (1RM), muscle thickness (ultrasound) were measured before and after training. Training comprised 1 set to volitional failure of unilateral leg extensions and bicep curls with each limb randomly assigned to train at either 80% 1RM or 30% 1RM. Increases in muscle thickness [arms: 6.81 ± 3.15% (30% 1RM), 5.90 ± 3.13% (80% 1RM) and legs: 9.37 ± 5.61% (30% 1RM), 9.13 ± 7.9% (80% 1RM)] and strength [arms: 15.4 ± 12.2% (30% 1RM), 18.26 ± 12.2% (80% 1RM) and legs: 25.30 ± 18.4 (30% 1RM), 27.20 ± 14.5 (80% 1RM)] were not different between loads. When resistance exercise is performed to volitional failure gains in muscle size and strength are independent of load in young women.     

The effect of a supported exercise programme in patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes: A pilot study

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of either a standard care programme (n?=?9) or a 12-week supported exercise programme (n?=?10) on glycaemic control, β-cell responsiveness, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients. The standard care programme consisted of advice to exercise at moderate to high intensity for 30?min five times a week; the supported exercise programme consisted of three 60-min supported plus two unsupported exercise sessions per week. Between-group analyses demonstrated a difference for changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol only (standard care programme 0.01 mmol?·?L^?1, supported exercise programme –0.6 mmol?·?L^?1; P?=?0.04). Following the standard care programme, within-group analyses demonstrated a significant reduction in waist circumference, whereas following the supported exercise programme there were reductions in glycosylated haemoglobin (6.4 vs. 6.0%; P?=?0.007), waist circumference (101.4 vs. 97.2?cm; P?=?0.021), body mass (91.7 vs. 87.9?kg; P?=?0.007), body mass index (30.0 vs. 28.7?kg?·?m^?2; P?=?0.006), total cholesterol (5.3 vs. 4.6 mmol?·?L^?1; P?=?0.046), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.2 vs. 2.6 mmol?·?L^?1; P?=?0.028), fasting β-cell responsiveness (11.5?×?10^?9 vs. 7.0?×?10^?9 pmol?·?kg^?1?·?min^?1; P?=?0.009), and insulin resistance (3.0 vs. 2.1; P?=?0.049). The supported exercise programme improved glycaemic control through enhanced β-cell function associated with decreased insulin resistance and improved lipid profile. This research highlights the need for research into unsupported and supported exercise programmes to establish more comprehensive lifestyle advice for Type 2 diabetes patients.     

The effect of a supported exercise programme in patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes: a pilot study

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of either a standard care programme (n = 9) or a 12-week supported exercise programme (n = 10) on glycaemic control, β-cell responsiveness, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients. The standard care programme consisted of advice to exercise at moderate to high intensity for 30 min five times a week; the supported exercise programme consisted of three 60-min supported plus two unsupported exercise sessions per week. Between-group analyses demonstrated a difference for changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol only (standard care programme 0.01 mmol · L(-1), supported exercise programme -0.6 mmol · L(-1); P = 0.04). Following the standard care programme, within-group analyses demonstrated a significant reduction in waist circumference, whereas following the supported exercise programme there were reductions in glycosylated haemoglobin (6.4 vs. 6.0%; P = 0.007), waist circumference (101.4 vs. 97.2 cm; P = 0.021), body mass (91.7 vs. 87.9 kg; P = 0.007), body mass index (30.0 vs. 28.7 kg · m(-2); P = 0.006), total cholesterol (5.3 vs. 4.6 mmol · L(-1); P = 0.046), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.2 vs. 2.6 mmol · L(-1); P = 0.028), fasting β-cell responsiveness (11.5 × 10(-9) vs. 7.0 × 10(-9) pmol · kg(-1) · min(-1); P = 0.009), and insulin resistance (3.0 vs. 2.1; P = 0.049). The supported exercise programme improved glycaemic control through enhanced β-cell function associated with decreased insulin resistance and improved lipid profile. This research highlights the need for research into unsupported and supported exercise programmes to establish more comprehensive lifestyle advice for Type 2 diabetes patients.     

BMP-2在不同运动方式中的表达及对骨代谢的影响

目的:进一步完善纵跳运动模型,探讨不同运动方式对大鼠骨密度及股骨软骨组织骨形成蛋白-2(BMP-2)mRNA表达的影响,分析BMP-2影响骨代谢和骨密度的作用机理,进一步研究运动影响骨密度及骨代谢的内在调控机制,为有效预防和治疗骨质疏松提供参考。方法:将18只SD雄性大鼠随即分为安静组、游泳组和纵跳组。8周后,运用双能X线扫描仪检测所有大鼠股骨、椎骨的骨量、骨密度;运用RT-PCR半定量技术检测大鼠股骨软骨组织内BMP-2mRNA表达水平,并通过凝胶成像分析系统计算出每个样本BMP-2的光密度值及其与对应内参GAPDH的光密度值的比值。结果:大鼠股骨骨密度的比较:纵跳组与安静组相比存在明显差异(P<0.05),明显高于后者;游泳组与安静组相比没有统计学意义上的差异(P>0.05)。大鼠椎骨骨密度的比较:游泳组与安静组相比有显著性差异(P<0.01);纵跳组与安静组相比有明显性差异(P<0.05)。股骨软骨组织BMP-2mRNA表达水平的比较:纵跳组与安静组相比有显著升高(P<0.01);游泳组与安静组相比有明显升高(P<0.05);纵跳组与游泳组相比增高的趋势明显。结论:1)运动可以引起BMP-2的升高,且纵跳运动比游泳运动在影响BMP-2的表达方面效果明显。2)运动能有效促进骨生长,股骨、椎骨骨密度明显升高。与游泳组相比,纵跳运动模式对股骨骨密度的影响更大。3)运动引起的骨代谢变化与局部细胞因子对骨组织的影响有关。机体可以将来自肌肉牵拉及重力的负荷转化为相关细胞因子的表达,从而影响骨的生成代谢。     

Short-term exercise training reduces glycaemic variability and lowers circulating endothelial microparticles in overweight and obese women at elevated risk of type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Exercise is recognized as a frontline therapy for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) but the optimal type of exercise is not yet determined. We compared the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for improvement of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived markers of glycaemic variability, and biomarkers of endothelial cell damage (CD31+ and CD62+ endothelial microparticles (EMPs)) within a population at elevated risk of developing T2D. Fifteen inactive overweight or obese women were randomized to 2 weeks (10-sessions) of progressive HIIT (n?=?8, 4–10X 1-min @ ～90% peak heart rate, 1-min rest periods) or MICT (n?=?7, 20–50?min of continuous activity at ～65% peak heart rate). Prior and three days post-training, fasting blood samples were collected. Both HIIT and MICT improved glycaemic variability as measured by CGM standard deviation (HIIT: 0.82?±?0.39 vs. 0.72?±?0.33?mmol/L; MICT: 0.82?±?0.19 vs. 0.62?±?0.16?mmol/L, pre vs. post) and mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE; HIIT: 1.98?±?0.81 vs. 1.41?±?0.90; MICT; 1.98?±?0.43 vs. 1.65?±?0.48, pre vs. post) with no difference between groups. CD62+ EMPs were lower following HIIT (187.7?±?65 vs. 174.9?±?55, pre vs. post) and MICT (170?±?60 vs. 160.3?±?59, pre vs. post) with no difference between groups. There was no change in 24-h mean glucose or CD31+ EMPs. Two weeks of both HIIT or MICT similarly decreased glycaemic variability and CD62+ EMPs in overweight/obese women at elevated risk of T2D.     

Animal exercise studies in cardiovascular research: Current knowledge and optimal design—A position paper of the Committee on Cardiac Rehabilitation,Chinese Medical Doctors’ Association

Growing evidence has demonstrated exercise as an effective way to promote cardiovascular health and protect against cardiovascular diseases However, the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of exercise have yet to be elucidated. Animal exercise studies are widely used to investigate the key mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiovascular protection. However, standardized procedures and well-established evaluation indicators for animal exercise models are needed to guide researchers in carrying out effective, high-quality animal studies using exercise to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. In our review, we present the commonly used animal exercise models in cardiovascular research and propose a set of standard procedures for exercise training, emphasizing the appropriate measurements and analysis in these chronic exercise models. We also provide recommendations for optimal design of animal exercise studies in cardiovascular research, including the choice of exercise models, control of exercise protocols, exercise at different stages of disease, and other considerations, such as age, sex, and genetic background. We hope that this position paper will promote basic research on exercise-induced cardiovascular protection and pave the way for successful translation of exercise studies from bench to bedside in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.     

有氧运动对高脂膳食大鼠脂肪组织COX2的影响

目的:旨在观察有氧运动对高脂膳食大鼠白色脂肪组织(WAT)和棕色脂肪组织(BAT)中环氧合酶2(COX2)及其相关基因的影响,以探讨有氧运动促进WAT棕色化及BAT活化以抵抗高脂膳食对机体血脂和体重不利影响的可能机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠随机分为普通对照组(C组)、普通运动组(E组)、高脂对照组(HC组)和高脂运动组(HE组),每组7只。E组和HE组进行中等强度跑台训练。8周干预结束后,计算各组大鼠Lee’s指数,测量体成分,称量WAT(肾周和附睾处)和BAT(肩胛处)湿重;测试血清甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(CHO)含量;RT-qPCR检测BAT中COX2 mRNA的相对表达量;Western blot法检测脂肪组织中肾上腺素能受体β3(Adrβ3)、COX2和解偶联蛋白(UCP1)蛋白含量。结果:1)饲喂第2周起高脂膳食大鼠体重较普通膳食大鼠显著升高,运动第3周起,HE组体重较HC组均显著降低;运动后E组和HE组大鼠的Lee’s指数分别较C组和HC组显著性下降;2)高脂膳食大鼠脂肪含量显著增加,运动后出现显著性下降;与C组相比,HC组WAT湿重显著增加,运动组WAT湿重显著降低,E组BAT%较C组显著升高;3)有氧运动降低高脂膳食大鼠血清CHO和TG水平;4)运动组BAT中COX2 mRNA表达显著高于对照组;5)E组BAT中UCP1、COX2和Adrβ3蛋白表达显著高于C组,HE组WAT中COX2蛋白表达显著高于HC组。结论:有氧运动可降低高脂膳食机体的血脂水平,改善体脂含量和体重,该过程可能与运动激活WAT和BAT中Adrβ3以促进COX2的表达,增加WAT和BAT中UCP1的表达,以促进BAT的活化和WAT的棕色化有关。     

Connective tissue adaptations in the fingers of performance sport climbers

Abstract

This study investigates the changes of the connective tissue in the fingers of performance sport climbers resulting after a minimum of 15 years of climbing. Evaluation was performed by ultrasonography on the palmar side of the fingers (Dig) II–V to measure the thickness of the A2 and A4 annular pulleys, the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and profundus (FDP) tendons and the palmar plates (PP's) of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) as well as distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint in sagittal and axial direction. Totally, 31 experienced male sport climbers (mean age 37y, 30–48y grade French scale median 8b, range 7b+ to 9a+) participated in the study. The control-group consisted of 20 male non-climbers (age 37y, 30–51y). The A2 and A4 pulleys in climbers were all significantly thicker (A2 Dig III 62%, Dig IV 69%; A4 Dig III 69%, Dig IV 76%) as compared to non-climbers pulleys. All PP's of the DIP joints were also significantly thicker, particularly at Dig III and IV (76 and 67%), whereas the PP's at PIP joints were only scarce significant for three joints. Differences of the diameter of the flexor tendons were less distinct (1–21%) being significant only over the middle phalanx. High load to the fingers of rock climbers after a minimum of 15 years of climbing years induced considerable connective tissue adaptions in the fingers, most distinct at the flexor tendon pulleys and joint capsule (PP) of the DIP joints and well detectable by ultrasound.     

Physical activity and lipidomics in a population at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus

ABSTRACT

The aim was to investigate how measurements of the lipidome differ according to the level and intensity of physical activity in a population at high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A targeted metabolomics platform provided quantitative molecular data on lipid species. Linear regression examined the associations between plasma lipid concentrations, particle size and time spent in objectively measured physical activity intensity domains, in increments of 500 counts per minute (cpm) (up to >4500 cpm (~>5.6METs)). Results are presented as % difference in the concentration (lower/higher) or particle size (smaller/larger) per 10 min of activity within each intensity. Five hundred and nine participants were included. Time spent in the lowest physical activity intensity domain (<500 cpm) was unfavourably associated with VLDL (2%), HDL (?2%) and Apolipoprotein A-1 particle concentrations (?2%) and HDL diameter (?2%). Conversely, time spent in intensities ≥1000 cpm were favourably associated with HDL subclass concentrations; with stronger associations seen at moderate intensities (2000-3999 cpm (~4.5METs)). For Apolipoprotein-B concentration and VLDL particle concentration and size, a negative association was consistently observed at the highest physical activity intensity only. If these associations are causal, HDL subclasses appear sensitive to light-intensities whereas only the high category of physical activity intensity was consistently associated with VLDL subclasses.     

Effects of aerobic versus resistance training on glycaemic control in men with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of aerobic training and resistance training on glycaemic control factors in men with type 2 diabetes. We performed a randomized clinical trial in which 26 men (age 57±8 years) with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to an aerobic training group or a resistance training group. The participants exercised three times a week for 12 weeks. Metabolic factors (haemoglobin A_1C; fasting glucose and C-peptide; total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol; triglycerides), blood pressure, body composition, maximum oxygen uptake, and muscular strength were measured before and after the intervention. Both training groups experienced significant improvements in haemoglobin A_1C: the aerobic training group saw a decrease in absolute values from 7.10±0.97% to 6.55±0.74% (P=0.001) and the resistance training group from 7.21±1.8% to 6.85±0.66% (P=0.024). Both training groups had significant improvements in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P<0.05) and in several of the measured body composition variables (P<0.05). In conclusion, the aerobic and resistance training groups saw similar improvements in glycaemic control. This suggests that both aerobic training and resistance training have beneficial effects for men with type 2 diabetes.     

运动减肥对肥胖症患者健康的促进作用

目前肥胖症的治疗方法主要有4种：单纯节食,药物减肥,手术去脂,运动减肥。运动减肥以小强度、长时间适宜的有氧运动,消耗体内的脂肪,达到减肥的目的。运动还可以增强体质、促进健康,具有其他减肥方法不可能达到的健康促进作用。文章介绍了运动减肥的3种模式：全封闭式运动减肥模式、运动减肥夏令营模式、公益性运动减肥模式;运动减肥操作常规,包括运动强度的确定、运动负荷试验、运动减肥运动项目的选择、运动减肥持续时间等问题。并通过众多的实验研究证实了运动减肥对肥胖症患者身体形态的改善作用、运动减肥对肥胖症患者脂肪肝的改善作用、运动减肥对血脂代谢的改善作用、运动减肥对肥胖症患者心脏功能的影响、运动减肥对肥胖症患者动脉粥样硬化致病因子的影响、运动减肥对肥胖症患者炎症因子与抗氧化能力的影响、运动减肥对肥胖症患者瘦素和脂联素的影响,综合阐述了运动减肥对肥胖症患者健康的促进作用。     

力竭运动后大鼠皮层中Gray-I型突触形态的变化

通过力竭运动模型，对大鼠力竭后即刻、力竭后6、24h皮层内突触界面不同曲度类型进行了记数统计。结果表明：与对照实验动物比较，只有力竭后6h时突触界面曲度类型发生明显的变化。初步认为力竭运动可以影响到皮层突触形态结构。