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1.
耐力训练与中枢神经系统细胞凋亡的实验研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
采用实验法,对耐力训练后中枢神经系统细胞凋亡特征进行了研究。结果表明,中等强度耐力训练对CNS细胞凋亡的影响不大,而大强度耐力训练后CNS细胞凋亡明显增加,对其与CNS功能变化的分析能为体育运动实践提供指导。 相似文献
2.
Motor imagery (MI) has received a lot of interest during the last decades as its chronic or acute use has demonstrated several effects on improving sport performances or skills. The development of neuroimagery techniques also helped further our understanding of the neural correlates underlying MI. While some authors showed that MI, motor execution and action observation activated similar motor cortical regions, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies brought great insights on the role of the primary motor cortex and on the activation of the cortico-spinal pathway during MI. After defining MI and describing the TMS technique, a short report of MI activities only at cortical level is provided. Then, a main focus on the specificities of cortico-spinal modulations during MI, investigated by TMS, is provided. Finally, a brief overview of sub-cortical mechanisms gives importance to the activation of peripheral neural structures during MI. 相似文献
3.
初级军官学员武装越野训练运动量大,负荷也在不断增加,同时加深加重了机体的疲劳。以文献资料为基础,结合运动训练中的实际情况,分析武装越野训练后肌肉疲劳和神经系统疲劳两大主要因素,并对其恢复的手段及措施进行研究。 相似文献
4.
采用文献资料法,分析了人体疲劳产生的生理过程,提出了相应的恢复人体疲劳过程的方法与手段。研究表明,消除与恢复疲劳,对于提高运动成绩,增进健康有着十分重要的意义。 相似文献
5.
文章旨在探讨和总结健身气功·八段锦、冥想状态,以及经颅磁刺激技术在体育领域的研究进展和发展前景。文章创新性运用经颅磁刺激技术研究大学生在通过健身气功.八段锦的练习前后的大脑皮层功能性活动的变化,探讨健身气功.八段锦的锻炼对大脑皮层活动的影响,为科学安排健身气功课程、指导健身气功练习提供理论依据。 相似文献
6.
运动训练中疲劳与恢复的研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
结合竞技体育训练方面的实践,阐述了疲劳与恢复之间的关禾及其对提高训练成绩的影响,以便广大教练员、运动员、体育管理人员对疲劳与恢复方面的问题有一个进一步的认识和了解,从而更好地指导运动训练与竞赛。 相似文献
7.
探询穴位刺激对消除中跑运动员一周大强度训练导致的疲劳的效果。将运动员随机分成穴位刺激组、穴旁刺激组和对照组,每日训练后穴位刺激组进行穴位刺激,穴旁刺激组进行穴旁肌肉刺激,对照组自然休息。每位运动员在训练前一天和训练结束后一天各抽取肘部静脉血2ml,测试其SOD活性及MDA含量。每次抽血结束后测试1500m成绩。训练前3组SOD活性、MDA含量以及1500m成绩均无显著性差异。一周后穴位刺激组SOD活性、1500m成绩均有显著性提高。MDA含量下降具有显著性。穴位刺激能提高SOD活性和1500m运动成绩,降低自由基中MDA的含量,并对消除运动性疲劳有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
8.
振动刺激是一种利用机械振动装置引发肌肉组织产生往复性周期运动的物理方法,可以通过激活肌肉本体感受器,经过单突触和多突触的神经反馈调节,反射性地引起被刺激肌肉产生非随意性收缩。研究发现,运动性肌肉疲劳后,采用25~50Hz的振动刺激可以加快神经冲动发放频率,增强发放的同步性,增加运动单位募集数量,改善肌肉微循环,促进代谢产物乳酸消除速度等,从而在一定程度上能够有效缓解个体主观疲劳感受,增加肌肉力量和肌肉耐力。文章将重点围绕振动刺激消除运动性肌肉疲劳的作用及其生理学机制等问题,介绍目前研究的进展及其存在的问题,展望未来研究。 相似文献
9.
恢复是训练的前提。运动员快速良好的机体恢复是优秀运动成绩取得的前提保障。针对高强度长周期的重复运动训练后,运动员在心理和身体上短时间内难以迅速恢复到达训练要求的实际现状,本人查阅了众多的相关资料和运动恢复方面的著作,再结合带队训练的一些实践总结,提出了一些本人关于运动训练身后运动员在生理和心理方面较快恢复的心得,希望对今后相关运动训练方面的训练水平的提高能做出一定的有益探索。 相似文献
10.
过度训练与过度疲劳的区别及其防治机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
过度训练是一种常见的运动性疾病,随着现代竞技体育的不断发展,运动员机体的训练负荷接近人体生理极限,训练中必然产生过度训练,影响运动能力的提高。过度疲劳不同于过度训练,是由于过大的训练强度和过短的恢复时间合并其他训练和非训练应激造成的。综合国内外多年来的研究,对过度训练与过度疲劳的区别、产生机制、表现和防治等做了比较全面的概述。 相似文献
11.
青少年中长跑训练后疲劳消除的方法与措施 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
青少年运动员中长跑大运动量训练后,增加了负荷,并加深加重了机体的疲劳.本文是以文献资料为基础,结合教学训练中的实际情况,分析了中长跑训练后肌肉疲劳和神经系统疲劳两大主要因素并对其恢复的手段及措施进行了探讨. 相似文献
12.
对现代中长跑运动员训练特征及疲劳恢复的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用文献综述法,阐述了现代中长跑训练的新方法、新理念,运用运动生理生化知识理论,对中长跑运动员的能量供应规律及疲劳恢复进行了科学的研究,旨在为提高中长跑运动员的运动成绩提供借鉴。 相似文献
13.
Niklas Brown Sebastian Bichler Meike Fiedler Wilfried Alt 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2016,15(2):139-150
Detection of neuro-muscular fatigue in strength training is difficult, due to missing criterion measures and the complexity of fatigue. Thus, a variety of methods are used to determine fatigue. The aim of this study was to use a principal component analysis (PCA) on a multifactorial data-set based on kinematic measurements to determine fatigue. Twenty participants (strength training experienced, 60% male) executed 3 sets of 3 exercises with 50 (12 repetitions), 75 (12 repetitions) and 100%-12 RM (RM). Data were collected with a 3D accelerometer and analysed by a newly developed algorithm to evaluate parameters for each repetition. A PCA with six variables was carried out on the results. A fatigue factor was computed based on the loadings on the first component. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis was calculated to test for differences between the intensity levels. All six input variables had high loadings on the first component. The ANOVA showed a significant difference between intensities (p < 0.001). Post-hoc analysis revealed a difference between 100% and the lower intensities (p < 0.05) and no difference between 50 and 75%-12RM. Based on these results, it is possible to distinguish between fatigued and non-fatigued sets of strength training. 相似文献
14.
脑源性神经营养因子是神经营养素家族中重要的神经生长因子。近几十年来,随着对其生物学功能认识的逐渐深入,人们从不同的角度探讨影响脑源性神经营养因子的因素和机制。笔者综述了近年来国内外有关运动与脑源性神经营养因子的相关研究现状。 相似文献
15.
运动训练中疲劳与恢复的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
从疲劳产生的原因、部位及其预防,以及恢复过程的作用,消耗及恢复阶段的关系,恢复措施等方面,阐述了疲劳与恢复之间的关系与其对提高训练成绩的影响. 相似文献
16.
优秀摔跤运动员训练疲劳与恢复的生理生化监控 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
对参加第28届奥运会的8名中国摔跤运动员的训练疲劳和恢复的共性规律和个性特点进行系统研究,旨在为中国摔跤队备战第29届奥运会提供参考。结果显示:1)训练负荷(大强度和大量)周的血清CK和Bu平均值与调整周的平均值相比有不同的特点,可作为该批运动员训练负荷的参照,为即将开始的一周训练负荷的安排提供依据。2)每个优秀摔跤运动员的恢复和疲劳的各项指标的最高值、最低值、波动范围都有自己的特点,并且某些运动员之间有显著性差异。以个体疲劳和恢复的各项指标的最低值、平均值和最高值作为3个参照点,通过实际测试值与这3个参照点的对比,判断训练后个体的疲劳和恢复情况。 相似文献
17.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a high-intensity free-weight back-squat exercise on postural stability characteristics in resistance-trained males. Eighteen college-aged (mean ± SD: age = 22.9 ± 2.9 years; height = 175.8 ± 6.4 cm; mass = 86.3 ± 9.3 kg), resistance-trained males performed postural stability testing before and after completing five sets of eight repetitions of back-squat exercises at 80% of one-repetition maximum. A commercial balance testing device was used to assess sway index at pre- and at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min post-exercise. Each balance assessment consisted of four, 20-s static stance conditions: eyes-open firm surface, eyes-closed firm surface, eyes-open soft surface and eyes-closed soft surface. Sway index was greater (P = 0.001–0.020) at Post 0 than at all other time points. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed between any other time phases. Sway index was greater (P < 0.001) for eyes-closed soft surface than all other conditions. These findings revealed sway index for all conditions significantly increased following completion of the back-squat; however, sway index recovered within 5 min of exercise. Higher sway index values as a result of neuromuscular fatigue induced by a back-squat exercise may have performance and injury risk consequences to subsequent activities that rely on postural stability. However, these findings suggest balance impairments may recover in ~5 min following high-intensity lower body resistance exercise. 相似文献
18.
目前,国内外运动生理学领域中有关诱发脑电的研究尚属不多,而有关CNV的报导更是少见。本文通过对射击、短距离、球类等各专项组运动员CNV的波幅、面积、时程的比较,分析各组间的差异,阐明了以CNV作为有关专项运动员中枢神经系统的选材和脑功能评定的电生理学指标的可行性。 相似文献
19.
本文使用文献资料法、综述法、比较法、逻辑分析法等科研方法,针对瑜伽对心理和生理功能的作用和运动员的运动性疲劳两方面进行综述对照研究,探究得出:将瑜伽放松练习运用于田径运动员运动性疲劳恢复中的意义,并且提出将瑜伽练习运用于田径运动员的运动性疲劳恢复训练当中。 相似文献
20.
Simon Walker Jussi Peltonen Juha P. Ahtiainen Janne Avela Keijo Häkkinen 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1271-1279
Abstract The main aim of this study was to assess neuromuscular fatigue during a typical high-load, low-repetition loading protocol. Muscle stimulations were used to assess maximum voluntary contraction, resting single- and double-pulse twitch characteristics, and superimposed double-pulse twitch force (used to calculate voluntary activation) before and after an acute knee extension loading protocol. In our participants, who had previous resistance training experience, the mean voluntary activation level was 96.2% in an unfatigued state. Maximum voluntary contraction (?11.8%), resting double-pulse twitch force (?10.6%), and voluntary activation (?2.1%) were markedly decreased as a consequence of loading (P < 0.05). In addition, although potentiated twitch characteristics were observed during the loading protocol, this was short-lived, as fatigue surpassed the potentiation mechanisms. Our results show that both central and peripheral mechanisms contributed to neuromuscular fatigue during the present loading protocol. 相似文献