张掖市妇女乳腺癌知识知晓率调查及健康教育对策分析

[目的]了解张掖市适龄女性对乳腺健康知识及乳腺癌的认知情况和乳腺自检现状,探讨其影响因素,为乳腺健康教育的实施及提高主动预防意识提供可行性依据。[方法]抽取张掖市五县一区18—65岁当地妇女1200人以问卷调查的方式进行乳腺健康知识、乳腺癌相关知识的调查,应答率99.6%。[结果]在调查的1195人中,调查对象对乳腺健康知识与乳腺癌概念混淆,对乳腺健康知识与乳腺癌认知途径主要来源于电视与社会教育,对乳腺癌认知较清楚的更是基于周边有乳腺癌患者的基础上;对乳腺癌的危险因素认知,城乡差距显著;乳腺癌治疗现状及生存状态认知不够。[结论]张掖市妇女对乳腺健康知识与乳腺癌的相关知识认识不足,对乳腺癌的治疗信心偏低,乳腺健康知识与乳腺癌认知途径单一、信息缺乏,应通过多元化健康教育加强妇女对乳腺健康知识的了解,提高妇女乳腺健康知识与癌的认知水平,加入疾病主动预防的健康队伍中来。     

乳腺癌106例临床病理分析

目的 :探讨张家口地区乳腺癌的发病规律。方法 :对我科 2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 2年收集的 10 6例乳腺癌进行回顾性分析。结果 :36～ 5 5岁者占 70 %以上 ,2 6岁以下和 6 6岁以上患者极少 ;浸润性导管占 75 .4 7% ,淋巴结总转移率为 4 0 .6 %。结论 :乳腺肿物早就诊对乳腺癌的早期诊断与预后有重要的意义。     

热休克蛋白7O在乳腺癌和胃癌中的表达及其意义的研究

目的：探讨热休克蛋白70（HSP70）在人乳腺癌和胃癌中的表达及其意义。方法：应用免疫组织化学的方法对64例乳腺癌和55例胃癌组织中的HSP70进行检测。结果：（1）HSP70在乳腺癌和胃癌组织中的表达分别为78．13％．61.82％。（2）乳腺癌中HSP70的表达与乳腺癌的病理类型．淋巴结转移情况及年龄未发现显著差异（P〉0．05）。（3）胃癌中HSP70的表达与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移有密切关系（P〈0．05）。结论：HSP70在乳腺癌和胃癌中均呈较高水平表达．其中在胃癌中的表达与肿瘤浸润深度、恶性程度有密切关系,HSP70在乳腺癌和胃癌的发生发展中起重要作用。HSP70可能成为乳腺癌，胃癌的诊断指标之一。     

血管内皮生长因子在乳腺良、恶性肿瘤表达的临床意义

目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在乳癌中过表达的临床意义。方法：取乳腺腺瘤47例,乳腺癌95例,利用SABC法检测VEGF阳性率。结果：VEGF在腺瘤中阳性率为25.53%（12/47）,在乳癌中阳性率为54.75%（52/95）;在浸润性癌和有淋巴结转移组阳性率明显高于非浸润性组和无淋巴结转移组（P〈0.05）。结论：VEGF过表达提示患者预后不良,检测VEGF对化疗方案选择有指导意义。     

乳腺癌原代细胞培养及化疗药敏的研究

目的：通过对乳腺癌原代细胞培养。检测化疗药物对癌细胞的抑制率。探讨乳腺癌不同组织学类型、年龄及淋巴结转移情况对化疗药物的敏感性。方法：收集109例手术切除新鲜乳腺癌标本．进行原代细胞培养。采用四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法检测癌细胞对三组抗癌药物的敏感性。结果：乳腺癌的敏感率由高到低依次为CAF（33．0％）、TA（31．2％）和CMF（26．6％）。无论年龄、组织学类型及是否有淋巴结转移各组间比较其敏感性均无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：1．MTT法对乳腺癌治疗时选择化疗药物具有重要价值；2．乳腺癌细胞对CAF、TA、CMF敏感。     

BCRP与P-gP在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的探讨乳腺癌耐药蛋白与P—gP在乳腺癌组织中的表达特点,及与淋巴结转移的关系。方法采用免疫组化的方法检测P-gp与乳腺癌耐药蛋白在乳腺癌组织中以及正常乳腺组织中的表达情况,并探讨其表达与淋巴结转移的关系。结果BCRP与P-gp在乳腺癌组织中的阳性表达率均明显高于正常乳腺组织（P〈0．01）。在伴有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌组织中BCRP与P-gP的阳性表达率均较不伴有淋巴结转移者为高（P〈0．05）。结论P-gp与BCRP均在乳腺癌组织中有一定程度的表达,且与有无淋巴结转移有关,二者的存在可能与乳腺癌化疗的多药耐药机制有关。     

基质金属蛋白酶-2在乳腺癌中的表达及与侵袭、转移的关系

[目的]探讨乳腺癌细胞基质金属蛋白酶-2的表达及其与侵袭、转移的关系.[方法]免疫组织化学方法检测60例乳腺癌患者癌组织中MMP-2表达.[结果]MMP-2的表达在乳腺癌细胞明显高于正常乳腺细胞(P<0.01);淋巴结转移组明显高于非淋巴结转移组(P<0.01);在中、低分化组明显高于高分化组(P.<0.01).但与组织学类型无关(P<0.05).[结果]乳腺癌的MMP-2的表达与其侵袭、转移可能相关.     

超声结合钼靶摄影在乳腺肿物良恶性鉴别中的价值

目的 :明确良恶性乳腺肿块在超声中的鉴别征象 ;评价超声结合钼靶摄影后在乳腺癌诊断中的价值。方法 :报告乳腺肿块病例 72例 ,包括乳腺癌 4 0例 ,良性病变 32例 ,均行超声检查 ,其中 6 0例行钼靶摄影 .。结果 :(1)乳腺癌的超声表现 :不规则形或圆形 ,纵横比 >1,边缘毛刺 ,边缘成角 ,后方声影 ,微小钙化 ,较丰富血流、不规则血流。 (2 )超声与钼靶摄影的结果相比 ,在良恶性乳腺疾病的鉴别方面有相同价值 ,而超声更具实用性 ,在定位与转移淋巴结检出方面优于钼靶摄影。而钼靶摄影在微小钙化的检出方面优于超声。结论 :超声和钼靶摄影二者结合在发现乳腺肿块及其良恶性鉴别诊断方面有很大价值。     

MGMT和Survivin在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究MGMT和Survivin在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法:福尔马林固定,石蜡包埋乳腺癌和腺瘤标本,采用SABC免疫组织化学方法检测MGMT和Survivin在这些组织中的表达。结果:MG-MT和Survivin在乳腺癌和乳腺腺瘤中的表达有显著性差异。MGMT在乳腺癌中的表达与患者的年龄、淋巴结转移有关,而Survivin仅与淋巴结转移有关。另外,MGMT和Survivin之间具有相关性(r=0.48,P<0.01)。结论:MGMT和Survivin的异常表达与乳腺癌的淋巴结转移有关;MGMT和Survivin可以作为判断乳腺癌发生和预后的重要指标;检测它们的表达可以指导临床上化疗方案的制定。     

Survivin在乳腺癌及大肠癌中表达的临床意义

目的：探讨大肠癌、乳腺癌中生存素的临床意义。方法：收集大肠癌68例,乳腺癌69例,利用SABC免疫组织化学方法,检测Survivin表达状况。结果：大肠癌和乳腺癌中Survivin阳性率分别为63.24%和42.03%,Survivin在大肠癌低分化组和深浸润组阳性率明显高于浅浸润和高分化组;在浸润型乳腺癌组和有淋巴结转移组Survivin阳性率明显增高。结论：Survivin表达与癌组织生物学特性有关;检测癌组织中Sur-vivin表达可以提示预后及指导靶向治疗方案的制定。     

乳腺癌细胞粘附分子CD_(15)的表达及其与预后因素的关系

应用免疫组化SP法对94例乳腺癌、41例乳腺良性病变和10例正常乳腺组织进行了细胞粘附分子CD_(15)检测。结果发现,CD_(15)。在乳腺癌和乳腺良性病变的阳性率分别为79.8％和58.3％,两者有显著差异性(P<0 01),10例正常乳腺组织仅4例呈CD_(15)弱阳性反应。CD_(15)表达与患者年龄和肿瘤大小无显著关系。CD_(15)表达阳性率在浸润性导管癌中显著高于单纯癌(P<0.05),组织学Ⅱ～Ⅲ级显著高于Ⅰ级者(P<0.05),临床Ⅲ一Ⅳ期显著高于Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期者(P<0.05),淋巴结转移阳性组显著高于阴性组(P<0.01)。在一组原发部位和淋巴结转移性乳腺癌配对标本中,CD_(15)表达无明显差异性。CD_(15)阳性的乳腺癌Cath-D和c-erbB-2的表达阳性率均显著高于CD_(15)阴性者(P<0.001)。结果提示,CD_(15)的表达与乳腺癌的发生发展、浸润转移及预后有密切关系。     

乳腺癌中存活素的表达及其与人类表皮生长因子受体-2的相关性

目的:研究存活素(Survivin)在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与人类表皮生长因子受体-2(C-erbB-2)的关系.方法:应用免疫组化二步法检测68例乳腺癌组织中Survivin及C-erbB-2的表达.结果:68例乳腺癌组织中Survivin基因的阳性表达率为72%(49/68),C-erbB-2基因的阳性表达率为28%(19/68).Survivin的表达与乳腺癌临床分期有关(P＜0.05),而与患者年龄、肿块大小、淋巴结转移状况无显著性相关(P＞0.05),Survivin的表达与C-erbB-2的表达呈正相关(P＜0.05).     

Study on interleukin-18 gene transfer into human breast cancer cells to prevent tumorigenicity

INTRODUCTIONInterleukin-18(IL-18),originallydescribedasinterferon(IFN)-g-inducingfactor,isan18.3-kDaproinflammatorycytokineproducedbyactivatedmacrophagesanddendriticcells,andplaysanim-portantroleintheTh1response,primarilybasedonitsabilitytoinduceIFN-gproductioninTcellsandNKcells.IL-18inducesproliferationofactivatedTcells,secretionofseveralcytokines,andpartici-patesinbothinnateandacquiredimmunity.TheroleofIL-18inantitumorimmunitywassuggestedinmanystudies.Genetransferofcytokinesisani…     

Study on interleukin-18 gene transfer into human breast cancer cells to prevent tumorigenicity

To study the effect of interleukin-18 gene transfection on the tumorigenesis of breast cancer cell line Bacp37, human breast cancer cell line Bcap37 were transfected with Lipofectamine and selected by G418. The biological expression of rhIL-18 was tested by RT-PCR and ELISA method; nude mice were injected with Bcap37 cell with or without the hIL-18 gene. The hIL-18 cDNA was successfully integrated into Bcap37 cell; 126.3±4.5 pg hIL-18 secreted by one million transduced cells in 24 hours. Nude mice injected with IL-18 gene engineered Bcap37 cell had no tumor growth. These findings indicated that human breast cancer cells were successfully modified by the gene of IL-18 cytokine; the IL-18 gene engineered Bcap37 cells secreted hIL-18 and lost their tumorigenicity. The Bcap37 cells transduced with IL-18 gene may be used as breast cancer vaccine.     

Educating readers: breast cancer in Australian women's magazines

Women's magazines in Australia have become increasingly involved in various public health awareness campaigns. In particular, breast cancer has been targeted as an issue for attention. This disease occupies a privileged position in women's magazines, being represented as treatable and survivable with an emphasis on the advocacy of early detection through breast self‐examination and screening programs. In this way, women's magazines can be seen to be proactive in serving the public interest of their readers. Information and advice about breast cancer are not limited to medical articles, advice columns and diet pages, but occur, perhaps more accessibly, in feature articles of personal accounts of experiences with breast cancer. This paper looks at coverage of the disease in Australian women's magazines over the last 3 years to see how this role in public health awareness operates. It pays particular attention to illness narratives in feature articles and to stories associated with the magazines' own breast cancer campaigns.     

金属硫蛋白过表达对乳腺癌化疗方案选择的影响

目的：探讨金属硫蛋白（Metallothionein,MT）在乳腺癌中过表达的意义及其与乳腺癌化疗方案选择的相关性。方法：利用SP免疫组织化学技术,检测88例乳腺癌组织中MT表达率。结果：MT在乳腺癌中总阳性率为67.05%（59/88）。MT在髓样癌、小叶癌和导管癌中的阳性率分别为41.67%,85.71%和62.50%。在浸润型乳腺癌组阳性率明显高于非浸润型癌组（P〈0.05） 在小叶癌组阳性率高于髓样癌组和导管癌组（P〈0.05） 淋巴结转移组阳性率高于非转移组（P〈0.05）。结论：MT表达与乳腺癌的病理类型及有否淋巴结转移相关,检测MT对乳腺癌化疗方案的制定有指导意义。     

Applying machine learning approaches to improving the accuracy of breast-tumour diagnosis via fine needle aspiration

Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer have been improved during the last decade; however, breast cancer is still a leading cause of death among women in the whole world. Early detection and accurate diagnosis of this disease has been demonstrated an approach to long survival of the patients. As an attempt to develop a reliable diagnosing method for breast cancer, we integrated support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor and probabilistic neural network into a complex machine learning approach to detect malignant breast tumour through a set of indicators consisting of age and ten cellular features of fine-needle aspiration of breast which were ranked according to signal-to-noise ratio to identify determinants distinguishing benign breast tumours from malignant ones. The method turned out to significantly improve the diagnosis, with a sensitivity of 94.04%, a specificity of 97.37%, and an overall accuracy up to 96.24% when SVM was adopted with the sigmoid kernel function under 5-fold cross validation. The results suggest that SVM is a promising methodology to be further developed into a practical adjunct implement to help discerning benign and malignant breast tumours and thus reduce the incidence of misdiagnosis.     

乳腺癌的免疫调节治疗(英文)简

Standard treatment options for breast cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapies, such as adjuvant hormonal therapy and monoclonal antibodies. Recently, the recognition that chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment promotes tumor growth and survival during different stages of breast cancer development has led to the development of novel immunotherapies. Several immunotherapeutic strategies have been studied both preclinically and clinically and already have been shown to enhance the efficacy of conven- tional treatment modalities. Therefore, therapies targeting the immune system may represent a promising next-generation approach for the treatment of breast cancers. This review will discuss recent findings that elucidate the roles of suppressive immune cells and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the tumor-promoting microen- vironment, and the most current immunotherapeutic strategies in breast cancer.     

A thematic analysis of the self‐directed learning experiences of 13 breast cancer patientsy

Although self‐directed learning is a common response for many of the 183 000 American women who are diagnosed with breast cancer each year, very little is known about the nature of the experience for them. Four themes emerged from interviews with 13 breast cancer patients describing their self‐education efforts in regard to their disease. A qualitative paradigm was used for this study with data collected using a pilot‐tested semi‐structured interview protocol. Purposeful sampling technique was employed to identify information‐rich subjects who were within three years of diagnosis and who had used self‐directed learning extensively in coping with their breast cancer. Using the constant comparative method, four common themes emerged from the analysis of the interviews. First, empowerment: the women in this study felt stronger and more in control in their breast cancer situations because of their self‐directed learning efforts. Second, connectedness: the women in this study satisfied their need for connecting with other people in meaningful ways, particularly with other survivors, through their self‐directed learning efforts. Third, selective learning: the women in this study were interested in learning about those things which directly related to their situations and which they perceived as positively influencing their ability to cope. Finally, the search for meaning: the women in this study were searching for more than just information about breast cancer. They also sought to understand why they had breast cancer and what meaning the experience should have for them in the future. The findings support prior research in regard to important aspects of self‐directed learning, women and learning and breast cancer. At the same time, the results have contributed new information about self‐directed learning in a crisis situation suggesting that in such cases the emotional context must be considered.     

Pink Ribbons Inc: breast cancer activism and the politics of philanthropy

This essay explores the cultural reconfiguration of breast cancer in the United States since the 1970s. It traces how breast cancer has been transformed in public discourse from a stigmatized disease best dealt with privately and in isolation, to a neglected epidemic worthy of public debate and political organizing, to an enriching and affirming experience during which women with the disease are rarely ‘patients’ and mostly ‘survivors.’ In the latter of these configurations, survivors emerge as symbols of hope who through their courage and vitality have elicited an outpouring of philanthropy, a continued supply of which will apparently ensure that the fight against breast cancer remains an unqualified success. By examining three key sites in this shift—federal policy, breast cancer marketing and the Susan G. Komen Foundation's Race for the Cure—the essay seeks to understand how, and with what effects, this transformation has occurred.