The quadratic relationship between socioeconomic status and learning performance in China by multilevel analysis: Implications for policies to foster education equity

The purpose of the present study is to explore the relationship between family socioeconomic status and mathematics performance on the base of a multi-level analysis involving a large sample of Chinese primary school students. A weak relationship is found between socioeconomic status and performance in the Chinese context. The relationship does not follow a linear, but a quadratic curve, implying that students from a disadvantaged family and higher socioeconomic background have a higher probability to attain higher mathematics scores. This can be explained on the basis of Chinese cultural beliefs about education, exams and social class mobility. Moreover, the aggregated socioeconomic status at the school level seems to moderate in the relation between individual SES and academic performance. This suggests that individuals from a disadvantaged family will achieve higher in the school with a higher family socioeconomic status than students who are enrolled in schools with a lower and average family socioeconomic status.     

灾害与旅游之关系探究

人们惧怕灾害,因为灾害带给人的是痛苦,人们热爱旅游,因为旅游带给人的是享受,感情与旅游表面上看毫不相干,但实际上,社会生产力发展到今天的程度,自然灾害,人为灾害与旅游之间已产生了千丝万缕的联系。一方面,我们可将灾害遗迹作为新的旅游资源来开发,使曾经的伤心之地成为今天的学习课堂。另一方面,由于各种原因,人们在旅游的过程中,也时常导致一些灾害事件的发生。对二关系的研究,将具有非常重要的现实意义。     

奇偶指数与链烷烃原子化热的关系

在距离矩阵的基础上提出一种新的拓扑指数一奇偶指数OE,该指数对C1-C10的150个链烷烃有很好的结构区分性。将其对C1-C9的有关链烷烃的原子化热进行结构性质相关,结果表明,该指数具有良好的性质相关性。奇偶指数计算简便,有望作为一个重要参数在QSPR／QSAR研究中得到应用。     

论推销人员与顾客的人际关系

在推销活动中,推销人员与顾客的人际关系非常重要。在与顾客人际关系的建立中,推销人员要善于挖掘顾客。本文还就如何改善推销人员与顾客的人际关系作了一些探讨。     

语言与文化的关系:以校园流行语为例

本文首先简要介绍校园流行语的基本内容及主要特征表现,然后以此为切入点探讨语言与文化之间的关系。分析表明,从校园流行语可以窥见语言与文化之间的相互依存、不可分割的关系。     

浅析语言和言语的关系

语言和言语是著名的现代语言学之父索绪尔在区分语言学研究对象提出的两个重要概念。本文将从语言和言语入手,论述语言和言语的内容、形式等,继而着重讨论语言和言语之间的社会和心理逻辑层面上的关系。     

秦、齐对抗的文化人类学涵义

在春秋战国最后的对抗中,更为强悍的秦国战胜文明程度更高的齐国而统一天下。其因在于二国的民风不同,变法的性质不同,还有游牧文化与渔捕文化的不同,这是其文化人类学涵义。     

教育现状与行业发展的关系——就旅游教育与行业发展的关系探讨

就我国近十年的旅游业发展速度不断加快的态势来看,旅游从业人才的市场将会更加宽广,这也是旅游教育发展革新的好机遇。而我国目前的旅游院校以及专业在学生培养方面以及对市场的适应方面还不能做到非常完善,学生的专业理念与当下的行业发展不能有效对接,引起了旅游专业教育工作者的深思。在不断适应市场新形式的发展过程中,还要从本质上挖掘出旅游教育与行业发展的关系走向。     

大学师生关系：问题与对策

当前,大学师生关系由于受到高校扩招和市场机制的影响,存在冷漠化、利益化、简单化、自由化、紧张化等问题。改善大学师生关系,教师一要确立知识上的实质性权威;二要真正成为学生的“益友良师”;三要不断进行教学创新。学生则既要“因教而学”,又要发展自主、主动意识。     

小说中的“小说”：《金瓶梅》与其他小说关系研究（一）

《金瓶梅》不仅借《水浒传》中“武松杀嫂”的故事引申开发而来,而且还大量抄改了话本小说、公案小说等,形成了“小说中有小说”的独特文体现象。作者在引进这些小说时,插入了许多明代正德、嘉靖两朝的真实历史人物,以此表明创作主旨和意图。     

The relationship between protective factors and outcomes for children investigated for maltreatment

ObjectivesThis research explores the relationship between hypothesized protective factors and outcomes for children investigated for maltreatment.MethodsUsing data from the National Survey on Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW), we ran logistic regression models to examine the relationship between hypothesized protective factors (social competence, adaptive functioning skills, and peer relationships) and outcomes (externalizing behavior, internalizing behavior, reading competence).ResultsFor each hypothesized protective factor, we found variation in individual scores and sample mean scores at the lower end of the scales, indicating that these children fare worse than most children. However, many children experienced large changes in their individual scores over time suggesting that children can and do improve on these hypothesized protective factors. In examining the relationship between hypothesized protective factors and outcomes, children with higher levels of social competence were significantly more likely to be in the normal range for both externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Children with higher mean adaptive functioning skills were more likely to be in the normal range for both externalizing behavior and reading competence. The positive nature of the child's peer relationships was also related to externalizing behavior and reading competence.ConclusionsOverall, our analyses support the idea that social competence, adaptive functioning skills, and peer relationships are related to outcomes for children investigated for maltreatment. While further research is needed to establish a causal link, this work identifies three individual-level hypothesized protective factors as potential sources of variation in outcomes.Practice implicationsTo prevent or alleviate the harmful consequences maltreatment, it is necessary to understand factors that help children move beyond poor outcomes. Our analyses suggest that a strong relationship exists between a child's social competence, adaptive functioning skills and positive peer relationships and select outcomes three years after being investigated for maltreatment. With these individual-level protective factors related to more positive outcomes, it suggests that intervening to increase protective factors could improve outcomes for maltreated and at-risk children.     

作家的个性气质与创作

在学创作中,作家的个性气质占有十分重要的地位。它使作家具有独特的感受力,影响作家的选材范围,对作家艺术构思中的想象、情感活动的独特性起重要作用,对作家艺术传达方式和手法的独特性产生直接影响。     

科学与宗教错综复杂的关系

西方的科学与宗教的关系并不仅仅是冲突对立,而是错中复杂的。宗教为科学提供驱动力,同时亦给科学铺设障碍。冲突虽有,可是渐渐地宗教会妥协和接近科学的新思想。要区分好科学与宗教的不同,我们要用积极、发展、宽容的态度去看待两者的矛盾冲突。     

龙岩与台湾全方位的“五缘”

古汀州府和龙岩州衍化发展的龙岩市,与台湾有全方位的血缘、地缘、文缘、商缘、法缘关系.汀州古称客家首府,也是客家祖地,而龙岩县原属漳州府,后升格为龙岩直隶州,领漳平、宁洋县,是闽南人,也即河洛郎.历史上大批赴台融人闽南(河洛)和客家族群,抗日战争胜利光复台湾后又有大量赴台人员被称为外省人.闽西的古越族与台湾原住民也有渊源关系,这种全方位的五缘是其他地域所少有的.     

试论人权与法律的关系

法治社会是文明社会的必经阶段。人权既是个人的权利,也是集体的权利。人权是法律的泉源,法律是保护人权的有力武器。法律与人权的关系是一个国家社会、经济、政治、文化和道德综合内涵的深层次体现。一个国家的法律状况如何将直接影响它的人权状况。     

浅谈思想政治教育与素质教育的关系

社会主义教育总体目标的实现,思想政治教育的落实是关键和保证,作为素质教育内容的重要的有机构成要素,思想政治教育是基础,对其他方面的教育内容起着导向,动力和保证的作用,素质教育追求的是人的身心素质的全面,和谐和自由的发展与完善,思想政治教育的实施,有效地促进着青年大学生素质的全面发展。     

声音描写与黛西人物形象的刻画

<了不起的盖茨比>是美国作家菲兹杰拉德的不朽名作,这部小说的人物刻画非常传神.本文以黛西为例,从声音的角度来分析作者描绘人物形象的高超技巧.