Pastoral Care: Past,Present and Future

Chris Watkins was a member of the first NAPCE executive in 1982, and has continued on that committee and on the London committee ever since. He was chair of NAPCE from 1992 to 1994, and is currently chair of the Publications Committee. He has been a maths teacher in a large secondary school, a teacher in charge of a unit for pupils whose effect on school was disruptive, and a trained school counsellor.

He is now head of the academic group ‘Assessment, Guidance and Effective Learning’ at the University of London Institute of Education, where his current areas of work include school behaviour, mentoring, tutoring, personal–social education – all centrally linked to effective learning in classrooms and school. He is course tutor to the MA in Effective Learning and the MA in School Development, and is involved in consultancy to schools and training others in consultation. Current research projects include ‘The Violence-resilient School’ and ‘Learning about Learning’.     

College Algebra: Past,Present, and Future

Issues within college algebra are well-documented. Over the past two decades, reform has brought about significant modifications in the course, yet to date there has been no synthesis of the efficacy of these efforts. This paper situates college algebra within a historical context, and synthesizes research on reform. I argue that, notwithstanding the successes brought about by change, the course is still not in a position to fulfill quantitative literacy requirements; that is, there exists nontrivial components of quantitative literacy that a college algebra course, by its nature, tends not to provide. I conclude with realistic steps forward for administrators and instructors.     

Remembering Smithells: Past,Present, Future

In this article, I analyze a set of narratives about, and memorials to, Philip Ashton Smithells, the founder of physical education in New Zealand and a pantheon figure within the discipline. Rather than analyzing these narratives and memorials as stories and artifacts that accurately reconstruct Smithells and his ideas and practices, I conceptualize them as choices that create representations or interpretations that are independent of the truth. I also conceptualize the memorials to Smithells, which include a building, painting, photograph, lecture, and scholarship, as triggers for personal and collective memories. But neither narratives nor memorials can guarantee what individuals or communities remember and, in this sense, history, as representations of the past, is always fluid. Notions of choice and representation may unsettle those who regard history as synonymous with facts and truths and who seek the clarity of a definitive past. However, conceptualizing history as representations reminds us that our understanding of physical education, its origins and its founders, will continually shift with new reflections and as fresh ideas emerge, material conditions change, and events unfold.     

Beginning Reading and Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP): Past,Present, and Future

In this article, I address issues and trends, past, present, and future, in beginning reading instruction. I also trace the development of a related issue in the broader context of early childhood education: developmentally appropriate practice. Historical changes in reading education for young learners, as well as changes concerning guidelines for developmentally appropriate practice, are addressed. I conclude by suggesting that the fields of reading education and early childhood education share more similarities than differences. With collaborative initiatives, these two fields can strengthen their positive impact on the education of young learners as beginning readers.     

教育:过去、现在与未来的全球挑战

1990年以来全球教育发展缓慢,且各国发展速度不同。普及基础教育仍是发展中国家政府与国际组织亟待实现的目标。这与近年来经济学关于人力资本对于经济增长以及社会发展的催化作用的研究发现形成鲜明对照。本研究基于一个新构建的教育数据库与1950—2010年的国民账户数据,采用不同的方法与若干国家案例,估计与人力资本积累缓慢相关的收入损失及其对公平的影响。研究还基于各国过去与未来加速人力资本积累的假设,推算了1900—1950年与2010—2050年的情况。研究发现,以人均收入表示的福利损失至少为7～10个百分点。此外,提高人均受教育年限对于减少收入不平等也有影响。     

从历史深处走向现实与未来——对北京文化独有魅力及发展态势的思考

分析北京文化的历史内蕴、现实状况和发展趋势。北京文化的魅力在于深厚的历史积淀和丰富的现实内涵。北京文化的特征在于独特性和代表性、凝聚力和同化力、稳定性和发展性。当前北京文化的重点在于文化产业发展、文化体制改革及传统文化的保护。北京文化未来的腾飞取决于:一、正确的文化发展战略,二、文化体制改革与文化产业发展相结合,三、提高文化安全意识,四、大力发展北京的旅游文化,五、抓住奥运契机,提升北京文化的品质。     

Imagining Comparative Education: Past,Present, Future

The study is organised around three questions, i.e. (1) how have comparative educators, and relate scholars, used their creative imaginations to construct new knowledge and understanding about ways of representing changing educational phenomena and relations? (2) what genres and forms of representation have been appropriated or elaborated and how have these code choices influenced ways of seeing and thinking? and (3) can this self-reflexive history of imagination in practice be patterned as an intertextual field of difference, as a comparative cultural map that may help to open new vistas into the past and the future? In this, my desire is to move beyond the sterile polarities of modernist rule-making and poststructuralist nihilism in knowledge work. Here I should instead like to privilege a hermeneutic of imagination with its power of disclosure, which I believe marks our basic ethical ability to imagine oneself as another. Two figures and two tables help to visualise my argument and summarise findings.     

Educational Technology in Turkey: Past,Present and Future

This paper explains the past, discusses the present and makes projections for the future of educational technology in Turkey. Technology has an important role in enhancing educational progress. Therefore, educators need to adapt technology within their field of study. Educational materials such as textbooks, films, radio, television, overhead projectors, video recorders and, of course, computers enrich learning environments in schools. Educational materials motivate students and induce them to study subject matter while providing opportunities for students to access and evaluate information. In Turkey, the use of educational technology in schools has been taken very seriously by the Ministry of National Education since the 1930s. Universities and other institutions are also interested in research and application of educational technology to their own settings. La Technologie de l'Education en Turquie: Passé, Présent et Avenir. Cet article explique le passé et le présent et propose des projections dans l'avenir pour la technologie de l'éducation en Turquie. La technologie joue un rÔle important pour favoriser le progrès en éducation. Aussi les enseignants doivent l'adapter dans leur discipline. Les moyens d'enseignement tels que les livres, les films, la radio, la télévision, les rétroprojecteurs et enfin les ordinateurs enrichissent l'environnement éducatif des écoles. Les moyens d'enseignement motivent les élèves et les incitent À étudier les sujets en fournissant l'occasion pour ceux-ci y avoir accès et d'évaluer l'information en Turquie, l'utilisation de la technologie de l'éducation dans les écoles a été prise très au sérieux par le Ministère de l'Education dès les années 30. Les universités et d'autres institutions s'intéressent aussi aux recherches et aux applications de la technolgie de l'éducation dans leurs domaines. Bildungstechnik in der Türkei: Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft. In diesem Beitrag wird die Entwicklung der Bildungstechnologie in der Türkei von der Vergangenheit bis zu Gegenwart dargestellt und ein Einblick in die Planung für die Zukunft gegeben. Technologie spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Verbesserung des Bildungsfortschritts. Daher müssen auch Erzieher sie innerhalb ihres Studiengebiets anwenden und anpassen. Bildungsmaterialien wie Lehrbücher, Filme, Rundfunk- und Fernsehsendungen, Einsatz von Overheadprojektoren, Videorekordern und natürlich jetzt auch von Computern bereichern die Lernangebote von Schulen. Bildungsmaterialien motivieren Lernende und bewirken dadurch, dass sie sich schon während des Zusammenstellens von Material durch Zugriff auf Informationen und deren Bewertung mit Inhalten befassen müssen.     

美国学校心理辅导: 历史、现状、动向及其启示

美国学校心理辅导有近百年的发展历史,在辅导内容、辅导方法和辅导人员上都已经非常成熟。近年来,美国学校心理辅导出现了发展性心理辅导全面渗透、系统合作、参与特定文化咨询的多元文化主义的新动向,对我国学校心理辅导的发展提供了有益的启示。     

教育实证研究:历程、现状和走向

自教育研究引介实证方法以来,教育实证研究历经纯定量、定量为主、定量与定性并存的三个阶段。因定性和定量两种研究范式存在差异,故学界对教育实证研究的内涵的认识存在分歧,并提出两种不同的研究过程。为避免出现运用因果关系解释教育现象的弊端,学界主张采用教育实证研究推理元模型。因哲学研究和实证研究各有优劣,故学界对教育实证研究适切性的问题一直争论不休,针对争论,建议运用混合方法开展教育研究。     

Islamic Education in Belgium: Past,Present, and Future

This article focuses on Islamic education in Belgium. First, attention is given to the organization of Islamic classes in state schools, where some important problems occur, such as the lack of appropriate teachers and inspectors, the mono-confessional content of the curricula, and the absence of state control. Next, the content of religious education (RE) classes in Catholic schools, which are also attended by many Muslims, will be addressed. Finally, the author argues that a shift within the current RE classes is not sufficient today. Based on autonomy-based, epistemological, and societal arguments, the author proposes a shift from confessional to non-confessional RE.     

同一→异化→回归：教育现象的历史沉思、现实审视和未来展望

从哲学理性的角度看,异化在人类进化的特定时期,对人的理性生命的发展和教育自身的发达来说是不可或缺的;从与人的同一,经历对人的异化,最终要实现向人的回归,这是教育早就“注定”了的发展轨迹,是人类自身发展规律在教育中的体现;而且,教育与人及其生活,从最初的同一,到最后复归同一,不是无意义的循环,而是一种辩证的回归,是在扬弃了各阶段的悖理性之后所达到的更高层次上的同一,蕴含了“否定之否定”,“螺旋式上升、波浪式前进”的发展意义。     

阿富汗矿产资源开发:历史、现状及前景

阿富汗矿产资源丰富,开发潜力巨大。由于工业基础薄弱、战乱不止等原因,阿富汗矿产的勘探和开发一直步履维艰。苏联曾在阿富汗展开了大规模的地质勘探,掌握了大量一手资料。美国在阿富汗进行反恐战争后,又在苏联前期工作的基础上进行了物探等作业,并对阿富汗矿产资源作了经济评估,以期帮助阿富汗政府争取国际合作,通过矿产开发推动经济发展。总体来说,在阿富汗进行大规模矿产开发还需做进一步的地质勘探工作,而安全保障是必要的前提。对阿富汗的矿产开发应该持积极而慎重的态度。     

微电子的过去、现在和未来

本文从微电子技术产生的背景、过程、取得的巨大成果及目前发展的不利因素介绍了微电子技术的历史和现状；从前沿技术方面介绍了微电子技术的发展方向；介绍了中国在微电子技术上取得的成果和尚且存在的许多问题，并阐明了中国必须大力发展微电子技术。     

The Future of Intelligence Testing

Though the most widely used "intelligence" tests have changed little in the last half century, Dr. Stern-berg predicts a variety of new influences of future intelligence testing, ranging from the ways we conceptualize intelligence, to the manner in which we pose problems to assess it.     

跨越与发展——主观幸福感的过去、现在与未来

幸福是人文知识的核心命题,心理学的终极目的是促进人类幸福。主观幸福感研究始自上世纪60年代,研究从外部因素深入到内部机制,从哲学思辨转移到科学实证,从理论研究转移到社会应用,从学术研究转移到幸福感提升,激发当代“幸福革命”。早期重点是调查幸福感,主要是沿着入口统计维度进行实证调查,侧重比较不同群体的幸福感差异;中期重点是解释幸福感,理解幸福感形式的内部机制,主要有从上而下和从下而上两种理论框架;近期重点是侧量幸福感,更加重视幸福感理论与测量的互动,建构出主观幸福感、心理幸福感、社会幸福感三种测量模式;现代的重点则是应用幸福感,融入社会发展体系,成为重要的社会指标,具有诊断、调整、互补、发展功能;未来的核心是提升幸福感,力图把幸福感的学术研究成果转化为充满温暖的幸福体验,实现人类幸福的最大化,创造幸福的社会。     

Australian Waste Wise Schools Program: Its Past,Present, and Future

The Waste Wise Schools program has a longstanding history in Australia. It is an action-based program that encourages schools to move toward zero waste through their curriculum and operating practices. This article provides a review of the program, finding that it has had notable success in reducing schools’ waste through a “reduce, reuse, and recycle” (or “three Rs”) approach. Since the program's conception, an evaluation process has continually occurred alongside the actual program. This report presents the most recent program evaluation results: a 2007 statewide survey that was administered to 1,015 primary (elementary) and secondary teachers. The article outlines the past, present, and future directions of the Waste Wise Schools program and, in doing so, discusses the broader implications for school-based environmental education programs. In particular and of most significance, the findings reveal a growing sustainability culture in Australian schools and communities.     

过去现在未来：我国成人教育研究探略

过去30年,我国的成人教育研究活动可分为一般性研究和学科性研究两类。前者以社会变化及其与成人教育的相关,以及成人教育实践中的问题研究为主;后者则以成人教育基本理论和学科体系建设研究为主。时至今日,成人教育研究在取得成就的同时,又开始面临外部环境和内部问题凸显的双重挑战。而经过分析,我们又对其新的研究取向与论域选择、研究主体与人才培养、研究方法与学科建设等充满期待。     

教育产业的过去、现在和未来

目前,对教育产业的认识,仍是教育的一个热点问题。因此,认真研究与探索教育产业的形成及其发展,是关系到教育改革与发展的大事。 一、教育产业是一个历史范畴 发展教育产业,着实议论了好一阵子。至今还没有完全平息或出现统一的迹象。若细究其因,在这种议论纷纷的背后,根子还是在于人们对教育产业能否成立,或者说教育能否成为一个产业,表示出重重疑虑。勿庸讳言,在当代国际产业经济学界,其所指产业,的确不仅仅指工业或商业,而是泛指国民经济中的各行各业。不仅如此,在一般情况下,产业经济学中的产业,它与市场是一个同义语。由此不难理解,