中国财政赤字问题的研究——赤字增长的实证分析

本文对财政赤字的增长问题进行了实证分析，建立了财政赤字的指数增长模型，并利用格兰杰—西幕兹检验（ＳｉｍｓＴｅｓｔ）法分析了财政赤字与国债发行、财政赤字与ＧＮＰ之间的因果关系。得到的结论是：财政赤字与国债是互为因果关系，赤字引起国债，国债反过来加大赤字，两者相互影响，共同“促进”；而财政赤字与ＧＮＰ之间不存在因果关系。     

试论我国的积极财政政策

本文在分析财政赤字规模与GDP增长之间关系的基础上,指出在短期内适度的赤字规模能对经济产生一定的促进作用,但长期内赤字规模过大会对经济增长有一定的负作用,以及现阶段我国需要重新调整和完善积极财政政策.     

基石还是桎梏——试述《稳定与增长公约》在欧盟东扩进程中的影响

《稳定与增长公约》是试图维持欧元稳定，解决欧盟内部因过度财政赤字引发的外部性问题而采取的一种制度安排。但在欧盟东扩进程中，曾被视为稳定基石的公约却成为一些成员国经济增长中的桎梏，在遵守公约与促进经济增长成为成员国不得不面对的两难选择后，公约的调整与修改将成为欧盟扩张进程中的重要一步。     

《马斯特里赫特条约》的四项趋同标准面临的困境——对欧元区成员国财政超标问题的思索及建议

欧元启动以来,面对德法等越来越多地成员国的财政赤字突破防线超过3%,欧盟在指责这些成员国的同时,也对十多年前的四项趋同标准的财政指标,及针对成员国财政要求的《稳定与增长公约》标准进行了思索,本文拟从欧元区成员的实际经济状况及欧盟的体制方面说明欧盟应该降低对其成员的财政赤字的要求。     

我国积极财政政策简明仿真模型--继续、淡出与强化情景分析

我国财政赤字率由1997年的0．07％快速上升到2002年的3％，达到国际惯例的警戒线。积极财政政策简明仿真模型是研究积极财政政策的有力工具，如实地仿真了我国实施积极财政政策五年来经济发展的轨迹。根据全国人大通过的2003年我国的财政金融政策，模型仿真预测2003年我国经济将增长8．4％。2004—2005年，为保证我国经济年均增长速度不低于7％，我国是否仍需继续积极财政政策，或者使其淡出，或者使其加强，首先取决于世界经济的发展情景：如世界经济年增长3％左右，积极财政政策不能淡出，仍需继续；如世界经济年增长2％左右，积极财政政策必须加强。分析近四分之一世纪世界经济的走向，可以以70％的概率断定，2004—2005年。我国积极财政政策仍需继续。     

中国财政赤字问题的研究——赤字对通货的效应分析

中国财政赤字问题的研究——赤字对通货的效应分析史永东苏耘（东北财经大学理财工程学研究所１１６０２５）（空军长春飞行学院数学室１３００２２）自从改革开放以后，以１９７９年出现财政赤字为契机，财政平衡理论转入了对财政赤字的讨论。从积极的方面理解，可以说...     

宏观经济政策在当前经济形势下的抉择分析

我国于2001年11月11日正式成为世贸组织成员。这必将会地给中国的经济带来繁荣,中国的经济又迈入一个更大更新的竞争舞台,在这种经济形势下的宏观经济政策将如何呢? 一、防止通货紧缩仍需采取扩张性宏观经济政策 1、1999年中央的一系列政策措施,积极扩大内需,开拓国内外市场,增发国债,扩大财政赤字,增加投资,调整收入分配,刺激居民消费,保证了全年经济增长7％目标顺利实现。总的来看,1999年国民经济仍然保持了较快增长,运行基本情况是好的。但是,通货紧缩趋势仍在持续,对当     

美国财政赤字问题研究

在分析美国巨额财政赤字以及近十几年来变化的基础上,重点阐述美国巨额财政赤字形成的原因,角度触及经济、政治和美国国际关系.     

中美财政赤字对经常项目影响的比较研究

基于中美两国1982—2014年宏观经济数据的描述性统计分析、协整检验、误差修正模型和广义脉冲响应等方法分析中美财政赤字对经常项目影响的存在性差异和差异背后不同的传导机制。研究结果表明,美国财政赤字通过利率汇率传导机制对经常项目收支产生负向影响,而中国的财政赤字在凯恩斯乘数的作用下通过储蓄投资缺口传导机制对经常项目产生正向影响。在中国金融市场化改革逐步推进、人民币国际化进程加快的背景下,中国应严格控制好财政赤字规模,合理安排金融市场化改革次序,警惕利率、汇率市场化引起类似美国的"双赤字"现象,防范国内外经济失衡的负面影响。     

城市化、财政扩张与经济增长

城市化、财政扩张与经济增长之间具有相互作用。我国的城市化发展速度很快,城市化的发展主要表现在人口居住环境、职业性质以及产业结构的变化。城市化发展促进了乡镇经济的快速发展,城乡结合处被规划到城市区域内,进行人口迁移,改变乡镇的生产发展模式,以工业化逐渐取代农业化操作。从而加快城市化进程。财政扩张则是国家通过财政赤字的方式,加大资金投入,保证市场的正常运作,降低经济危机带来的风险。这是一种国家政治干预的手段,保障市场秩序。然而国家通过政治干预的手段筹集资金,为了又好又快地加速城市化发展,最终的目的是为了让城市化带动经济增长。所以城市化、财政扩张与经济增长之间的关系,是相互促进,共同发展。本文通过对城市化、财政扩张、经济增长的研究,分析三者之间的关系。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence