加拿大安大略省课后服务的经验及其启示

解决儿童课后服务现实困境是一个全球性的社会问题。加拿大安大略省课后服务在解决父母平衡工作与儿童放学后教育、促进教育平等、儿童身心健康发展中发挥重要作用。安大略省对服务主体、服务内容、资金来源、服务评估进行规范，整体呈现出政策法规趋于完善，注重服务监管评估；政府发挥积极作用，多方主体协同育人；课后项目灵活多样，促进学生身心发展；教育机会均衡化，保障儿童教育平等的特征。鉴于此，我国开展课后服务应完善课后服务政策法规，制定课后服务指南；资源向弱势群体倾斜，缩小课后服务教育差距；推动多元主体协同参与，构建课后服务合作网络。     

美国“课后教育项目”评述

美国课后教育是最初由少数民间机构提供发展成为由政府主导实施的全国性项目。项目实施以来在改善学生学业成绩、减轻家庭负担、弥补学校教育不足等方面成效显著。实施过程中课后教育也遇到一定的挑战,如项目资金不足、供不应求,弱势群体课后受教育状况堪忧等问题。通过对美国课后教育项目的分析,为我国课后补习教育提供一定启发。     

城市小学生“课后托管”现状调查研究——以广州市为例

通过对广州市小学"课后托管"的现状进行问卷调查,发现:主要受益群体支持和需要"课后托管",家长倾向"课后托管"中的素质培养服务,家长和社区群体对于"校内托管"有很高的认同度,政府对"课后托管"的财政支持不足,教师和校长群体对"课后托管"的思想认识仍未到位。为推进小学"课后托管",政府应确定"课后托管"为政府公共教育服务范畴,明确"课后托管"服务的教育功能定位,建立以公立学校为主、多方参与的多元托管服务体系,构建政府家庭合理共担的"课后托管"成本分担机制,加强"课后托管"工作的规范与管理。     

美国课后托管教育对我国的启示

<正>经过100多年的发展,美国课后托管教育已经形成了完备的操作体系:机构归属权明确、政策法律保障完善、办学理念以服务青少年为主、监督体系完备、教师准入资格门槛高、教学形式多样。相比而言,我国课后托管教育机构归属权混乱、无政策法律保障、监管两极化、操作市场化、教师素质偏低、教学形式单一等问题突出。本文通过对比中美课后托管教育的特点,以提出完善我国课后托管教育建设的几点启示。随着社会经济的发展,一方面,年轻父母承受越来     

打造高质量中小学课后服务的国际经验——以美国“放学后计划”为例

美国课后服务历史悠久,积累了丰富的教育服务经验,"放学后计划"探索成效显著。政府健全完善法律法规,政府、社会和家长等多方提供广泛充足资金,课程内容着眼于学生全方面发展,重视高质量师资的储备与培养为其实施和发展保驾护航。研究和分析美国课后服务的典型经验与做法,对我国在"双减"背景下打造高质量的中小学课后服务有一定借鉴意义。     

韩国基础教育全天候看护体系的构建与治理模式研究

随着城市化进程的加速,女性劳动率提升,儿童教育成本增加,导致生育率降低的问题,成为世界上许多国家面临的重要问题。韩国政府为回应社会呼声、应对持续走低的生育率,一直将解决基础教育领域的儿童托管问题作为重要课题,并于2017年提出了“构建全天候看护体系”的构想,旨在改进既存儿童托管项目的弊端。文章分析了韩国“全天候看护体系”的提出背景以及“小学托管教室”“地区儿童中心”“共同照顾中心”“青少年放学后学院”四项具体模式,并分析了“全天候看护体系”多中心治理模式的可行性和未来发展趋势。总的来说,经过近五年多的发展,韩国“全天候看护体系”已初步构建,政府、学校和社会多方共同参与,采用多主体参与的治理模式,形成了相对完善的政策体系,支撑起韩国特色的课后服务生态体系。     

韩国“放学后学校”师资队伍建设情况研究——基于“放学后学校委托讲师支援项目”的师资建设机制分析

韩国放学后学校的运营模式迄今已基本趋于成熟和稳定，其师资队伍建设机制对优化我国学校课后服务的师资状况具有一定借鉴意义。韩国放学后学校发展初期也曾深陷师资实践困境，遭遇师资结构不合理、师资聘任和管理及评价制度不完善、缺乏师资激励与支持方案、区域或校际间师资水平差异巨大等问题。为此，韩国教育部门以“放学后学校委托讲师支援项目”为基础和核心，着力建构专职化、科学化、主动化、均衡化的放学后学校师资建设机制，具体包含：提高放学后学校专岗讲师比例、加强放学后学校讲师的遴选与高质量发展、建立放学后学校讲师激励与支持机制、强化区域或校际间放学后学校讲师的交流与共享等举措。韩国放学后学校的师资建设机制为我国课后服务的师资建设工作提供了一些思路，如推行学校课后服务专岗教师制，激活社区、高校、公益组织、家庭等民间师资力量，开发学校课后服务教师研修课程，实行区域内学校课后服务教师共享制等。     

如何开展中小学在线学习项目？——基于加拿大安大略省的经验与启示

近年来,我国中小学在线学习的热度持续攀升,但也出现了因缺乏有力监管所导致的种种乱象。安大略省是加拿大的教育强省,具有开展在线学习项目的成熟经验。基于此,文章介绍了安大略省推行在线学习的现实背景,分析了安大略省开展中小学在线学习项目的现状和建设内容,发现:安大略省主要从资金投入、课程开发、平台搭建、权责明确、能力提升等五个方面来建设完备的在线学习体系。借鉴安大略省的经验,文章进一步探讨了安大略省中小学在线学习项目对我国的启示,以期为我国开展中小学在线学习项目提供借鉴。     

发达国家小学课后托管政策的比较与借鉴北大核心CSSCI

小学放学时间与家长下班时间不一致,学生看护上存在空档期是全球面临的普遍问题。发达国家对小学生课后托管服务的提供关注较早,已将其列为国家层面教育公平与机会保障的重要政策,托管政策的价值取向和构成要素也有着很多共性。从我国课后托管的现实需求出发,放眼发达国家的有益经验,扬长避短,有效借鉴,将每个家庭相似的个体困境在政府政策层面得以整体解决,具有重要意义。     

法国儿童课外托管教育的模式及其特色

在法国,儿童托管教育是家庭和学校之外的教育空间里对儿童教育的补充,通过各种课外活动进行公民道德、合作精神和集体生活能力等方面的教育。法国政府高度重视儿童托管教育,对托管机构的性质、主管机构、监管渠道、托管机构管理者和工作人员等的角色职能、资质要求等进行了明确的制度化规定。我国可借鉴法国的经验,探索儿童托管的具体策略与途径,加强政府的投入和监管,推动我国儿童托管教育健康发展。     

The promise of after-school programs for low-income children

This article draws on the findings from the evaluation of a three-city after-school imitative, as well as the general literature, to examine the field of after-school programs, focusing on those programs serving low-income children. A brief history of these programs is presented exploring the rationales for them in the circumstances of low-income children; a current profile of this field of services is provided; the major tensions in and challenges facing the field are discussed; and recommendations for facing those challenges are offered. The article argues for the expectations of after-school programs for low-income children to be kept modest, commensurate with both their modest means (i.e., limited resources and largely nonprofessional workforce) and distinct role in children’s lives.     

中国校外教育发展的困惑与挑战——关于中国校外教育发展的三重思考

中国校外教育经过六十余年的发展已经制度化和体系化,在青少年发展中有着重要的影响,也遭遇了诸多的困惑和挑战。首先,结构设置多样化引发的体制变革是最根本的问题。由于机构发展和相应的政策法规制定的不同步性,导致体制建设所包含的相关的规范要求不明确、不完善,使我们不能在原有的体制中解释现实问题,由此造成了校外教育机构内部缺乏彼此的认同,外部缺乏分层分类的管理,使得校外教育体制看起来更像是一个真实的"幻像"。其次,从概念界定及其使用语境的变迁,分析校外教育社会建构的时代特征和历史局限,可以看到校外教育概念的提出最初是从机构设置及其开展的活动来考虑问题的,至于这类机构的归属和教育功能的独特性并没有得到明确的说明,中国校外教育的产生并不是在现代国民教育体系的视域中去规划和建设,而是在一个特殊历史时期,基于社会政治制度建设的需要,基于解决当时青少年成长环境出现的问题,给青少年提供的一种带有时代特点的教育制度安排。最后,从政策调整中所体现的价值选择来审视校内外教育的关系,探讨校外教育功能的预设,可以发现校外教育之所以成为学校教育的延伸,在学校教育牵制下与学校课程保持衔接和互补,并在活动方式上趋同于学校教育,既是政策干预的结果,更是政策不完善的反应。21世纪以来,针对现实中存在的这些问题,政府已经作出了一些相应的政策调整,将校外教育界定为"青少年全面发展的实践课堂",实际上是在人的发展语境中讨论问题,强调的是校外教育育人的独特性,即以学习者为中心,尊重人的发展的多样性和差异性,让学生在综合实践活动中学会学习,完整地了解社会,在参与和体验中获得发展。     

The Importance and Difficulty of Disciplined Adherence to the Educational Reform Model

Policymakers, researchers, educators, parents, and citizens alike recognize the need for quality programs that address the pressing developmental and learning needs of our youth, particularly those most at risk. Community-based youth programs are being viewed increasingly as a productive means to facilitate the successful physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development of adolescents (Girod, Martineau, &; Zhao, 2004). To address the challenges of growing up in unhealthy environments where high-risk behaviors such as smoking, drinking, experimentation with drugs, physical violence, and unprotected sex can lead to profound negative outcomes, carefully organized and supervised after-school programs have been developed to provide a positive alternative to such problematic adolescent activity (Riggs &; Greenberg, 2004). Notwithstanding, research evidence of program effectiveness—academic and otherwise—is scant, which sets the stage for underresearched after-school programs to be eyed with greater fiscal scrutiny.     

如何开展在线课后服务？——基于美国校外在线教育项目助力学校教育的百年省思

美国校外在线教育项目已历时百年,建立专门的机构,明确与学校教育之间的关系,积极与学校开展广泛合作,逐渐使校外美国在线教育项目积攒了极高声誉。当前,加强有效在线课后服务路径的规律研究是“双减”改革的题中应有之义。我国应正确厘定线上课后服务与线下课后服务之间的关系,秉承学生准入门槛、关注重点人群以及双线融合兼顾的行动依据,构建理性化与标准化的支持保障制度,推动在线课后服务体验进一步优化。     

Learning through life: a response to the special issue 29(4)

This paper argues that after-school programmes need to be considered an essential part of lifelong learning infrastructure, particularly in light of the dominance of the economic discourse in both lifelong learning literature and the initial schooling literature. The paper, which is based upon existing literature, begins by providing an overview of after-school programmes, including their historical development. This is followed by an examination of the changing discourse in the lifelong learning literature and the initial school literature. The argument is made that the narrowing of lifelong learning and initial schooling perspectives represented by economic determinism leads to an increase in those on the margins. The youth development literature is then reviewed with a focus on positive youth development, arguing that after-school programmes with a positive youth development focus can meet the needs of those disengaged youth who are marginalised by the formal educational system. The Fusion Youth and Technology Centre is then presented as an illustrative case of an after-school programme that has a positive youth development focus. This is followed by a discussion of after-school programmes and the role they can play as part of the lifelong learning infrastructure.     

Highlights of the Chicago convention (August 30 ‐ Sept. 3, 1975)

Homework does not always occur at home. With the perceived demand for higher academic performance has come an increase in the amount and complexity of assigned homework. Given the number of parents who work outside the home, and the need for safe and structured after-school activities, after-school programs have become a venue for helping students with their homework. This article examines the potential of after-school homework-assistance programs within the larger context of after-school programs in general. There is limited data on the outcomes associated with programs that offer homework assistance. The data suggest that after-school homework-assistance programs can serve a protective function for children at-risk for school failure, particularly those who do not have other structured after-school activities or those whose parents do not speak English at home. In general, the availability of homework assistance at home, the quality of the after-school homework program and the nature of the homework assigned will mediate the effect of these programs. Questions for future implementation and evaluation efforts are raised.     

校外培训机构治理政策的逻辑演进与现实挑战 ——兼146起教育培训纠纷司法案例的实证分析

伴随着“双减”政策的落地,校外培训机构治理再次进入新阶段。梳理校外培训机构治理政策的 变迁可以发现,以问题为导向的政策目标不断演进,以规范为主要特征的政策措施逐渐完善,以政府为主体 的政策执行体系渐趋形成。择选分析发生在全国范围内的146起教育培训纠纷司法案例可以发现,行政部 门、培训机构、受教育者以及法院在教育培训纠纷的发生和解决中都会受到校外培训机构治理政策的影响, 这种影响不断折射出校外培训机构发展和治理中存在的问题。校外培训机构治理政策的执行和发展还需 坚持教育公益性原则下的分类管理、探索完善培训机构退出的善后机制、建立培训机构的金融监管制度、构 建线上培训的规范治理体系、推动治理机制向政府与行业双重治理转变、重视对学校及家庭等外围因素的 考量,形成政府引导、行业自治、社会参与的常态化治理格局。     

贫困地区农村寄宿制学校学生课余生活管理研究——基于广西壮族自治区都安县、河北省丰宁县的调研

对广西壮族自治区都安县、河北省丰宁县农村寄宿制学校的调研发现,由于贫困地区贫困寄宿学生的生活补贴费用处于低标准的水平,农村教师编制紧张,不能设置专门的生活教师,公用经费没有对寄宿制学校学生的管理做出专门的安排,使得农村寄宿制学校学生课余活动很贫乏,不利于学生的成长。因此,需要提高贫困地区农村寄宿制学校的生均公用经费标准,加强学生课余活动资源建设;设立农村寄宿制学校生活教师编制,保障对学生课余活动的管理;提高农村寄宿制学校教师待遇,增强教师组织学生课余活动的积极性;建立面向学生课后管理的农村寄宿制学校教师培训体系,提高学生课余活动的质量。     

The impact of after-school programs on educational equality and private tutoring expenses

The purpose of this study was to examine how the implementation of after-school programs in Korea’s public schools is related to educational equality and private tutoring expenses. The analyzed data was from the Survey on the Status of Private Tutoring and the Study of the Policy Measures to Reduce Private Tutoring Expenses conducted by KEDI (Korea Education Development Institute) in (International conference for exploring the ways to activate the after-school program, KEDI, Seoul, 2007). The Chi-square test was employed to investigate (a) the relationship between after-school participation and family income and residential location of students (b) the association between after-school engagement and the reduction in private tutoring expenses. The study found that: (a) in general, low-income and rural students participated more than higher income and urban peers in after-school programs and (b) after-school participation was generally negatively associated with private tutoring engagement and the impact of after-school participation on the reduction in private tutoring expenses was stronger for low-income students in elementary and high schools and rural students in high schools. The overall findings provide further research issue regarding whether after-school programs can help foster educational equality by offering more opportunities for learning and achievement improvement for disadvantaged students. The results also imply the potential of after-school programs in reducing private tutoring expenses, particularly for low-income families.