公平竞争呼唤体育工作者加强体育道德修养

通过对中国女排在14届世界锦标赛上2次故意输球，和中国女子曲棍球队在14届亚洲运动会上战胜韩国队而夺冠的分析，阐述公平竞争是体育竞赛活动中人人必须遵守的道德规范，提出加强和提高体育工作者的体育道德修养是保证公平竞争的前提。     

体育技术化与公平竞争精神的破坏

通过对体育技术化模式的哲学审视发现,现代技术已经成为影响训练过程和比赛结果的决定性因素,这就使技术占有的公平性成为公平竞争的前提条件。但是,不同运动员对技术的占有是不公平的,这就导致了不公平竞争,从而客观上破坏了公平竞争精神。     

论“费厄泼赖”

“费厄泼赖”是人类竞技的最高法则,也是人类在竞争发展中的一种美好愿望。随着人类历史进程的发展,每个时期都赋予了它不同的内涵。中国正以坚定的步伐走向世界,中国的竞技体育也不断融入世界体育的大潮之中,在这个时候重新认识并诠释“费厄泼赖”具有特殊的意义和价值。     

运动员价值观研究述评

运动员价值观是指运动员在训练与比赛过程中所抱持的一种独特信念,而这种信念将决定运动员在训练和比赛中的行为。分别从运动员价值观的概念、内涵与测量、相关实证研究等3个方面,对国内外有关研究的现状进行介绍与述评。个体、社会情境以及心理认知等是运动员价值观的主要影响因素。未来研究需要构建合适的运动员价值观理论模型,进一步丰富研究方法,开展本土化与跨文化研究,扩展运动员价值观的研究领域。     

Effects of personal and social responsibility on fair play in sports and self-control in school-aged youths

Abstract

In this study, we examined the impact of Hellison's (1995) model for the development of personal and social responsibility on fair play and self-control in youth. One hundred and eighty-six students from three public schools with a mean age of 13.6 years were assigned to one of three treatment groups: experimental group A (n=63), experimental group B (n=62), and a control group (n=61). During 10 one-hour sessions of beginners’ five-a-side soccer, group A went through five levels of the programme, whereas group B went through only four levels as the transferral phase was not introduced. Findings revealed that subsequent to the intervention programme, group A improved personal feedback, delayed gratification, self-control, and process self-regulation. Groups A and B showed an improvement in indicators of personal and social responsibility regarding enjoyment and sportsmanship and a decrease in variables related to the drive to win, rough play, contact fouls, and poor sportsmanship. No significant changes were observed in the control group.     

反兴奋剂的法理研究

反兴奋剂司法中,“程序正义与实质正义”的取舍中,优先维护程序正义;“公平与效率”出现矛盾时,效率先于公平;“严格责任与过错责任”则分别适于“定罪”和“量型”;面对“行为能力是否具备”,目前是“对象一律”的策略,以后应立法加以改进。反兴奋剂执法中法律救济贯彻正义、公平理念,彰显人文关怀。反兴奋剂教育工作是反兴奋剂法理实践的自觉前移,彰显教育先于惩治、预防重于惩治的人文精神。我国应完善正式教育体系,将教育对象从运动员、管理人员扩大到各类社会人员,尤其是体育专业学生及其生源。反兴奋剂斗争是“体育精神与负面人性的博弈”,而科技的发展给新类型和新品种兴奋剂出现带来可能,因而反兴奋剂具有复杂性、长期性。     

中国体育电影的发展研究——从体育精神的角度

从体育精神的角度对中国体育电影的发展进行了研究,结果表明：中国的体育电影存在体育精神表达单一,挖掘的深度不够,时代性不强的问题,应深入、多元、创新的弘扬体育精神,推动中国体育电影事业的发展,提高国际影响力。     

韩国体育产业增长的发展战略(英文)

体育利润的增长,体育参与的增加,职业体育的流行和不同体育项目的商业化,使体育在社会中的重要性大大增加,这也导致了体育产业的发展。在韩国,自1997年以来政府官员和学者们越来越频繁地使用“体育产业政策”这个词,该文认同体育产业是一个有发展前景的产业,其包括三个亚产业：体育用品业、体育场地,设施业和体育服务业,该文旨在分析政策的变迁和韩国体育产业现状,并提出发展体育产业的战略决策,体育产业促进政策开始制定于第1个国家体育促进总体计划（1993－1997）准备时,在第3个国家体育促进总体计划（2003－2007）中,政策的导向包括与建设体育文本和体育网络信息有关的基础结构。1999盾,韩国国民体育估算产值约为90．4亿美元,占韩国国内生产总值的2．48％,全部体育场地、设施产业产值为25．99亿美元,很明显,体育场地,设施业是体育产业中最大的组成部分。其产值占体育产业总值的43％强,体育用品业中的竞技体育鞋袜和服装产值为17．6亿美元,体育服务市场估算为15．3亿美元,占体育产业总值的17％。体育用品促进政策包括制定不同的贷款项目,合作计划和提高质量计划。自1997年以后,针对体育场地、设施业的特殊贷款项目开始实施,该项目由汉城奥林匹克体育促进基金资助,体育场馆可以在10年中以平均最低的利率贷款40－160万美元,包括体育观赏业和体育营销业等在内的体育服务业正逐渐成为一个新兴产业。文化与旅游部有望加强政策对该产业的促进并将开始实施。为发展和增强未来体育产业,有必要建构不同的基础结构,其中之一便是优秀人力资源的保障措施,这是体育产业发展的动力。以达到这些目标,韩国体育科学研究已经开始进行职业人员的培养,该项目由文化与旅游部的国家预算资助,其中,职业体育市场人才的培训包括7个教育项目。     

增强我国竞技体育公平竞争的探究

以体育领域中具有代表意义的竞技体育为研究对象,分析总结中国竞技体育中的不公平竞争行为及其产生原因,从道德修养、依法治体、利用先进的科学技术、媒体监督等层面提出具体的对策与建议。     

文化人类学视野中的游戏、体育与民族传统体育

从人类学的研究视角出发,以文献综述和逻辑推理为主要研究方法,把游戏、体育和民族传统体育之间的关系作为研究对象.主要研究结果有:游戏的本质是自由,它标准化之后的形态--体育的本质也是如此;游戏是体育和民族传统体育的根源,而体育和民族传统体育之间没有必然的因果关系;脱离体育的源头和它所依存的文化内涵而解读体育,从而想当然地阐述民族传统体育,是不科学的;必须从人类学的视野来重新思考体育和民族传统体育.     

‘The Whole Place is in Pandemonium': Dick Tiger Versus Gene Fullmer III,and the Consumption of Boxing in Nigeria

This article focuses on the third fight between Dick Tiger and Gene Fullmer that took place in Ibadan, Nigeria, as a lens to view the consumption of leisure and sport in Nigeria in the years after Nigerian independence in 1960. More specifically, this fight not only highlights the importance of sport and boxing to Nigerians but also shows how Nigerians consumed boxing primarily in newspapers, as well as at boxing venues, and through the ‘performance' in the ring. Using archival research, oral interviews and newspaper coverage of the fight, this article analyses the collection and valorisation of fighters' pictures, how the ‘performance' of boxing and ‘the ring' were sites of consumption and places where ideals of manliness, sportsmanship and fair play were contested and recreated, and how sports fandom surrounding boxing was an important part of everyday life that was furiously discussed, debated, consumed and enjoyed.     

体育社团自治在政府购买服务中的角色研究

在推广政府购买服务的大背景下,各级政府都乐于将体育社团选定为承接主体。但是当前的体育社团在社团设立、机构设置、业务活动开展、经费来源、内部章程、运行机制等方面都存在着种种困难。这种自治困境既使政府购买服务缺乏竞争环境,也使政府购买服务的合同制管理难以实现。因此,提出通过主张体育社团的自治制度设计、区分政府购买体育社团自身职能范围之服务、政府购买服务的行政合同法律关系之构建,将体育社团自治嵌入到政府购买服务的大背景中。     

关于运动员对公平竞争原则认知情况的调查

本文通过文献研究法、调查问卷法、访谈法、数理统计等研究方法,对竞技运动主体运动员在公平竞争原则的认知、态度进行了描述与分析,结合我国十运会的相关案例,旨在揭示影响我国竞技运动公平竞争的因素,为我国竞技运动事业的健康和谐发展提供有益参考。     

奥林匹克主义的人文教育意义探讨

探求人文教育的有效途径，已成为当今教育界普遍关心的问题。笔者认为奥林匹克主义为人文教育提供了思想资源，有效开发奥林匹克主义的教育理念，可以丰富人文教育思想体系，论文从以下3个方面评价了奥林匹克主义的人文教育意义，即：（1）奥林匹克运动既是竞技的过程，也是教育的过程；（2）奥林匹克公平竞争原则与社会法的思想具有一致性；（3）奥林匹克教育为人的身心健康发展提供积极性的、方向性的启示。     

High-performance sport,learning and culture: new horizons for sport pedagogues?

Background: Research in sport coaching and sport pedagogy including studies published in this special issue bring to the fore the relationship between learning and culture in contexts of high-performance sport. This paper acknowledged that how learning, culture and their relationship are conceptualised is a crucial issue for researchers and professionals in high-performance sport.

Purpose and approach: This paper arises from a theoretical analysis of the research studies presented in this special issue. The analysis undertaken focused on the understanding and representation of the concepts of learning and culture and critically examined the methodological application of particular conceptualisations. The intention was to extend insight into both theoretical and methodological issues associated with understanding and researching athlete and coach learning, and high-performance sport settings.

Findings and discussion: This paper identifies tendencies for separatist and reductionist thinking about learning and culture in high-performance sport settings. A relational perspective is identified as critical to extending research and professional practice that is directed towards learning and/or culture. Researchers are urged to avoid identifying either athlete or coach learning (only) with specific events or experiences, and similarly avoid positioning culture as something that sits apart from athletes’ and coaches’ participation and learning in elite sport settings. The dual notions of ‘learning practices as cultural practice’ and ‘cultural practice as pedagogical practice’ are proposed as a basis for holistic thinking about learning and culture in high-performance sport settings. The extent to which such thinking is reflected in the various contributions to the special issue is considered. Attention is then directed to the methodological challenges that researchers face if they are to reflect a conceptualisation of learning as both embedded and embodied in cultural practices. Challenging and extending the underlying vision of learning that researchers, coaches and athletes have is revealed as a critical consideration in regard to research design, data collection and ways in which participants are variously positioned, represented and ‘involved’ in research. Embodied perspectives are identified as particularly worthy of greater attention in contemporary research that seeks to extend understanding of athlete and/or coaches’ learning and lived experiences within and amidst elite sporting cultures. Recent scholarship focusing on the body and lived experience is identified as providing theoretical and methodological insights that can extend future research and practice.

Conclusions: Foregrounding a relational perspective is fundamental to extending the understanding of learning and culture in high-performance sport. Future research also needs to clearly embrace the methodological challenges presented by new conceptualisations.     

试论我国体育主导产业的选择

在整个体育产业系统中,存在一些对体育产业的整体发展起着引领和带动作用的"体育主导产业".选择合适的体育主导产业,有利于带动整个体育产业的发展,促进体育产业结构的优化.以产业经济学理论为指导确定的体育主导产业选择的三大标准,并以此为立足点认为我国应把健身娱乐业、竞赛表演业和体育用品业作为体育主导产业.     

Athletic Courage and Heart: Two Ways of Playing Games

This essay develops a Kantian theory of sport which addresses: (1) Kant’s categories of aesthetic judgment (2) a comparable analysis applied to athletic volition; (3) aesthetic cognition and experience and athletic volition and experience; (4) ‘free’ and ‘attached’ beauty; (5) Kant’s theory of teleological judgment; (6) the moral concept of a ‘kingdom of ends’ and sportsmanship; (7) the beautiful and the sublime in sport-experience; (8) respect and religious emotion in sport-experience; (9) the Kantian system and philosophical anthropology; and (10) sport and self-knowledge.     

体育竞赛公平竞争及其制度建设研究

对体育竞赛公平竞争的相关问题进行界定和分析,研究认为,体育竞赛公平竞争的主体包括直接性主体、服务性主体、社团性主体、市场性主体4个层次;体育竞赛公平竞争的规定性包括规则公平、操作公平、公平补偿3个层面;归纳体育竞赛不公平竞争行为表现,并运用寻租理论、博弈理论、信息不对称理论分析其原因;体育竞赛公平竞争的制度是由体育内在制度和外在制度形成的完整制度体系;应加强体育竞赛公平竞争制度建设,并逐步建立体育救济与补偿制度。     

Social Philosophy of Sport: A Critical Interpretation*

In this article I argue both that an understanding of sport’s general character as competitive play can help us to read Homer more insightfully and that this reading can boomerang back to us to further illuminate the sport as competitive play thesis. My overall method is that of (Rawlsian) reflective equilibrium. The three sections of Homer that I examine are the Phaiacian games in Book 8 of the ‘Odyssey’, the Patroclos games in Book 23 of the ‘Iliad’, and the Penelope games in Books 21–22 of the ‘Odyssey’.