Where Do Facts Matter?

Print magazines are unique among nonfiction media in their dedication of staff and resources to in-depth, word-by-word verification of stories. Over time, this practice has established magazines’ reputation for reliability, helped them retain loyal readers amid a glut of information sources, and protected them from litigation. But during the past decade, websites, mobile platforms, and social media have expanded the types of stories and other content that magazines provide for readers. Doing so has shortened the time between the creation and dissemination of content, challenging and in some cases squeezing out fact-checkers’ participation. This study examines the procedures applied to stories in magazines and their non-print platforms, seeking to discern what decisions were made in response to the speed of digital publication, what effects these decisions have had, what lessons have been learned and what changes have been made over time. The results suggest that fact-checking practices for print content remain solidly in place at most magazines, if executed with diminished resources; however, magazine media are also exploring new processes to ensure accuracy and protect their reputations in an accelerated media environment.     

Flagging fake news on social media: An experimental study of media consumers' identification of fake news

Policymakers are taking action to protect their citizens and democratic systems from online misinformation. However, media consumers usually have a hard time differentiating misinformation from authentic information. There are two explanations for this difficulty, namely lazy reasoning and motivated reasoning. While lazy reasoning suggests that people may feel reluctant to conduct critical reasoning when consuming online information, the motivated reasoning theory points out that individuals are also thinking in alignment with their identities and established viewpoints. A proposed approach to address this issue is adding fact-checking flags in the hope that flags could alert people to information falsehoods and stimulate critical thinking. This study examines the impact of fact-checking flags on media consumers' identification of fake news. Conducting an experiment (n = 717) on Amazon Mechanical Turk, the study finds that experimental participants with different political backgrounds depend heavily on flag-checking results provided by flags. Flags are powerful to influence people's judgments in a way that participants have blind beliefs in flags even if the flag assessments are inaccurate. Furthermore, the study's results indicate that flag assessments made by professional fact-checkers or crowdsourcing are equally influential in shaping participants' identification. These observations provide public and private leaders with suggestions that fact-checking flags can significantly affect media consumers' identification of fake news. However, flags appear to have little ability to promote critical thinking in this experiment.     

Justifiable Sensationalism

While prostitution had been a staple of sensational reporting for decades, the explosion of newspaper exposés about vice in London in the late 1940s and the early 1950s is difficult to miss. Taking this sexual sensationalism as its starting point, this article examines the relationship between the press, public opinion and policy change around the subject of prostitution, paying particular attention to the rise in media attention in the mid-twentieth century that is understood to have helped bring the Wolfenden Committee into being in 1954. It argues that while sexual sensationalism can be read as a kind of moral panic and as a tool of moral regulation, looking closely at the narratives and function of sensationalism, as well as its reception by the police, the State and the public, complicates this story. To understand the political impacts of sensational media, we need to look at the conflicts as much as the consensus within the ‘public sphere’, criminal justice and politics. In the formation of policies about commercial sex, public confusion was as important as public opinion and conflict was as central as consensus.     

基于社会符码理论的科学中心展品及其科技叙事结构分析

目前,学术界对于科学中心展示的探讨多集中在观众的满意度及其学习成效上,但对展示的概念以及如何进行科技阐释作为一种既定的程式却少有研究。因此,本文从伯恩斯坦的社会符码理论出发,对科学中心内展品以及贯穿其中的科技叙事结构进行探讨,形成科学展品的深奥、隐喻、公共及神秘(反思)的符码框架和包括技术、历史、社会文化及哲学四大层面的科技叙事结构,以期从展示本身的角度给科学中心提供可行的理论框架。     

我国科研机构开放获取实践进展研究

文章以科研机构为调查对象,从图书馆对0A资源揭示、学术期刊实施开放获取及自建机构知识库三个不同角度,调查分析了科研机构开放获取实践进展现状。调查结果暴露出我国科研机构信息化建设滞后等问题,提出了解决对策,以尽快提升政府科研经费投入回报率和使用效率,加快科技创新步伐。     

论医院图书馆和谐环境的构建

医院图书馆和谐环境包含物层面上的和谐、人层面上的和谐和制度层面上的和谐3个方面。在构建医院图书馆和谐环境的过程中,需要读者与图书馆工作人员共同努力,打造一个“以人性为理念、以制度为准绳、以读者为中心、以资源为依托、以服务为目的”的和谐图书馆。     

后现代档案学理论的思想实质研究

作为档案学演进的一股重要潮流,后现代档案学已成为继古典档案学与现代档案学之后的又一创新性理论样态。探析后现代档案学理论的思想实质是理解与深化这一理论样态的重要基础。后现代档案学理论的思想实质体现在其理论批判性、思维更新性和多元主张性。其中,理论批判是后现代档案学理论的基本立足点,区别于传统档案学理论的僵化模式;思维更新是后现代档案学理论的发展活力源泉,区别于传统档案学理论的固有认知;多元主张是后现代档案学理论的认识论与方法论基础,区别于传统档案学理论的确定性倡导。     

高校图书馆“收藏三原则”的数理思考

学术价值与实用价值兼顾、满足度与利用度兼顾、种数与复本量兼顾,是高校图书馆的文献“收藏三原则”,本文以此作了初步数量思考,指出,应当以课程课题为基本单位分配使用图书经费,统筹兼顾,专款专用,并列举出相关的分配计算方法。     

论新闻文体的特性

以新闻事实为本位,新闻文本为对象,从整体质态上层递性地观照新闻文本的不同品质,用理论的逻辑厘定新闻文体的特性,通过理论抽象以丰富内涵深化理解,增强新闻文本实践的前瞻性、自觉性、主动性、鲜活性。以新闻事实为视域,新闻文本建构为主线,新闻事实信息传播为旨归,从静态与动态的互塑中,考察整体与部分、客体与主体、结构与关系、要素与功能、显在与潜在的信息呈现状态,探究新闻文体体类、体相与体性的内在统一性。     

Effect of Multiculturalism and Automation on Public Library Collection Development and Technical Services

SUMMARY

The Internet, as well as the proliferation of online resources available for purchase, has significantly changed collection management from selection to acquisitions to cataloging and processing. The nature of this work has become much more complex as our communities have become more culturally, ethnically, and linguistically diverse, as the number of information delivery mechanisms has increased, and as library consumers' expectations for speed of receipt of information have accelerated.     

作为场所的图书馆:再思考与展望

简要回顾作为场所的图书馆的价值,介绍信息技术、网络技术、虚拟图书馆的发展和冲击导致人们对图书馆场所价值的怀疑。论述作为场所的现代图书馆的价值和意义,将取决于图书馆在社会中的价值和作用,强调对图书馆的场所功能的创新与拓展,并对图书馆场所的功能如何创新进行了思考和展望。     

Public Library Use of Geographic Information Systems in the United States

Abstract

Public libraries are a source of information and resources for the local community, they also play a role in the use of technologies such as geographic information systems (GIS) in that regard. GIS uses maps as output mediums for displaying demographic or similar information, as well as for spatial comparison or spatially based analysis. This is useful for gaining knowledge as well as for decision making. This article reports research into the awareness and use of GIS-type systems in public library settings in hopes of better understanding the benefits, drawbacks, and limitations to use of systems such as these. Primary findings suggest that there continues to exist limited understanding of the capabilities of GIS technology in public libraries and therefore very little demand for it exists in public librarians and patrons alike.     

THE NEWS-GENERATING MACHINE

This paper examines the reporter–source interview in television news production. The starting point is that the interview as part of news production is largely ignored as a subject of research, especially considering its central importance in journalism. The interview is usually looked at as a method to gain information from interviewees. This study looks at the interview in a more constructivist way. The central claim is that the interview functions as a “news-generating machine” that compels replies from interviewees that can be used as raw material for news stories. The article brings forth the importance of the “pre-interview”, it examines and exemplifies standard question strategies, such as negative questions, and how the interviewee replies are edited and represented as news. In doing so, the article also shows how certain questions’ strategies are linked with the making of such common news frames as “the problem frame”, “the attraction” and “psychological news narratives”.     

An Interview with Mirna Willer

Abstract

In this interview, conducted by email, Dr. Mirna Wiler discusses her career as cataloger, systems librarian and UNIMARC and metadata expert, as well as her position as Professor of library science. She also describes her participation in international organizations' working groups, such as IFLA and UNESCO.     

上海图书馆近年来的改革实践与思考

上海图书馆以新馆开馆为契机 ,在改革实践中有 8点深刻体会 :以业务改革为中心 ,以人才战略为基础 ,以图情一体为优势 ,以功能扩展为动力 ,以内外公关为方法 ,以数字化建设为方向 ,以文明创建为载体 ,以班子建设为重点。参考文献 6。     

关于图书馆建筑节能的研究与实践

节能是现代社会对图书馆建筑的要求，也是图书馆自身生存和发展的必然要求。空调系统、照明系统、窗墙比等是图书馆建筑节能设计的关键；设计师、业主对建筑节能的认知和重视程度也是重要影响因素。     

“双一流”建设背景下国内财经类高校图书馆学科服务的问题与优化分析

[目的/意义] 探讨"双一流"建设背景下国内首批获准进行一流学科建设的财经类院校图书馆学科服务的现状及在新一轮学科建设中暴露的弊端,提供优化与改进措施以使其更好地服务于一流学科建设。[方法/过程] 以首批获准进行一流学科建设的财经类院校为例,采取网站调查和文献研究方法,发现这些高校图书馆学科馆员制在理念、制度、服务上存在着明显的问题。[结果/结论] 这些高校图书馆需要进行相应的理念优化、制度优化和服务优化,包括制度上的存在性优化和完善性优化以及服务上的对象优化、内容优化、方式优化等。     

浙江高校图书馆特色资源数据库建设的实践与探索

浙江省高校特色资源数据库建设是ZADL建设整体框架下的重要内容之一,集中反映了浙江省地域文化、经济、历史特色,以及各高校具有代表性的学科特色及资源优势,是浙江省高校数字图书馆建设重要成果之一。文章以ZADL特色库建设为例,就相关建设内容、方式方法及可持续发展等问题进行探索和研究,以期对特色资源的建设有所借鉴。     

从NSTL战略定位到最新进展及未来发展规划

保障科技文献资源提供服务是创新型国家战略基础。在当前学术文献采购经费攀升的环境下,只有国家才能保证文献的服务,这是国家科技数字图书馆NSTL的价值所在。文章从战略定位和最新进展到未来发展规划,概述NSTL的全貌。具体地说,首先,简述NSTL的成立背景;其次,是NSTL整个体系,就NSTL的运营体制、NSTL的科技文献资源种类和业务流程、提供的服务及系统架构等进行描述;最后,简要地介绍NSTL未来的发展规划。     

图书馆学基础理论的再探讨

文章主要就图书馆学基础理论的基本含义、研究现状、基础理论的作用与地位、研究对象、内容、体系、图书馆学基础理论与理论基础、图书馆哲学等问题进行探讨。